Surveillance Post Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Complete en bloc surgical resection offers the best opportunity for the cure of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS). The potential for disease recurrence, in the form of both loco-regional recurrence and distant metastases, underpins the rationale for postoperative surveillance. There is a paucity of high-quality evidence underpinning follow-up for RPS patients, and most practice guidelines draw from expert opinion and evidence from soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. The available observational retrospective data analysis has failed to demonstrate that high-intensity radiological surveillance improves the overall survival in patients. The lack of a robust evidence base has given rise to variations in approaches to post-operative surveillance strategies adopted by specialist centres managing RPS across the world. More high-quality prospective research is needed and planned to more clearly support surveillance approaches that balance oncologic outcomes, patient-centric care, and health service value. Risk stratification tools exist and are available for use in routine practice. Their use will likely support more individualised post-operative surveillance moving forward. Surveillance will likely be underpinned by serial radiological imaging for the medium term. However, developments in genomics offer hope for biomarkers such as ctDNA to impact patient care positively in the future and further support individualised patient care pathways

Three dimensional structure of the unsteady wake of an axisymmetric body

The near-wake of an axisymmetric body has been investigated using base pressure tappings and 4 large scale Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry (TPIV) at a Reynolds number of ReD = 5 3.2 × 105 , based upon model diameter. Insights into the near-wake dynamics are provided by the 6 application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to the pressure and the TPIV datasets. 7 The first two POD modes show that the axisymmetric topology seen in the time averaged field is 8 the result of the combination of different reflectional symmetry preserving states, each one featuring 9 a hairpin vortex surrounded by an annular structure developing in proximity to the wake closure. 10 The ‘head’ and the ‘tails’ of each hairpin vortex appear to be dynamically linked, as also proven by 11 the existence a second pair of modes, visible only in the TPIV dataset, featuring a twisted two-lobe 12 structure. The analysis of the temporal evolution of the radial position of the centre of pressure over 13 the model base reveals the existence of two different low-drag scenarios, characterised respectively 14 by the restoration of the axial symmetry or the selection of a single plane of reflectional symmetry. 15 The first state is reported to become the only admissible low-drag configuration when the short-time 16 wake dynamics are removed from the unsteady pressure signal

Preoperative Inflammatory Status and Postoperative Morbidity in Patients With Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcoma

Background: The role of preoperative inflammatory markers in predicting postoperative outcomes has been investigated in different types of cancer. However, little is known about retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative inflammatory status and major postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing RPS surgery. Methods: Data on patients undergoing surgery for primary RPS between 2008 and 2022 at three specialist sarcoma centers were analyzed. The preoperative inflammatory status was evaluated, assessing the C-reactive protein (CRP) value, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The primary outcome was 90-day major postoperative morbidity. The best-balanced cutoff values to apply in the uni- and multivariable analysis were calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Data were available for 239 patients. Major postoperative complications occurred in 52 of 235 patients (22.1%). Increased median values of CRP, NLR, and PLR were significantly higher in patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) (p &lt; 0.001). As such, further analysis focused only on this specific histotype. On multivariable analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association between increasing CRP and NLR with 90-day major postoperative morbidity remained significant, with an OR of 2.96 (95% CI: 1.03–8.49, p = 0.044) for CRP &gt; 61 mg/L, and with an OR of 4.69 (1.55–14.20, p = 0.006) for NLR &gt; 4.85. Conclusion: Elevated preoperative levels of CRP and NLR are independently associated with major postoperative morbidity in patients affected by primary retroperitoneal DDLPS. These findings may help decision-making and optimize perioperative management in these patients.</p

Observation of γγ → ττ in proton-proton collisions and limits on the anomalous electromagnetic moments of the τ lepton

The production of a pair of τ leptons via photon–photon fusion, γγ → ττ, is observed for the f irst time in proton–proton collisions, with a significance of 5.3 standard deviations. This observation is based on a data set recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Events with a pair of τ leptons produced via photon–photon fusion are selected by requiring them to be back-to-back in the azimuthal direction and to have a minimum number of charged hadrons associated with their production vertex. The τ leptons are reconstructed in their leptonic and hadronic decay modes. The measured fiducial cross section of γγ → ττ is σfid obs = 12.4+3.8 −3.1 fb. Constraints are set on the contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment (aτ) and electric dipole moments (dτ) of the τ lepton originating from potential effects of new physics on the γττ vertex: aτ = 0.0009+0.0032 −0.0031 and |dτ| &lt; 2.9×10−17ecm (95% confidence level), consistent with the standard model

Measurement of the W gamma Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory Coefficients

A fiducial cross section for W gamma production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb(-1) of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W -> e nu and mu nu decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

Measurements of the Electroweak Diboson Production Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=5.02 TeV Using Leptonic Decays

The first measurements of diboson production cross sections in proton-proton interactions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are reported. They are based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 302 pb(-1). Events with two, three, or four charged light leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state are analyzed. The WW, WZ, and ZZ total cross sections are measured as sigma(WW) = 37:0(-5.2)(+5.5) (stat)(-2.6)(+2.7) (syst) pb, sigma(WZ) = 6.4(-2.1)(+2.5) (stat)(-0.3)(+0.5)(syst) pb, and sigma(ZZ) = 5.3(-2.1)(+2.5)(stat)(-0.4)(+0.5) (syst) pb. All measurements are in good agreement with theoretical calculations at combined next-to-next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics and next-to-leading order electroweak accuracy