Christian Burial Privation in the Middle Ages: an interdisciplinary approach (France, mid-10th–early 14th)

In the mid-10th century, the Christian Church creates consecrated cemeteries forbidden to those we might call the ‘bad dead’. At the same time, the landscape and social practices change thanks to a better defined guidance of the faithful on liturgical, sacramental and juridical matters. Between the 11th and 13th centuries, the clerics define a number of ‘bad Christian’ groups to be deprived of sepultura ecclesiastica, who were previously regarded by historians of written sources and archaeologists as ‘outsiders’. Although ecclesiastical justice was uncompromising regarding the future of those excommunicated, their reintegration within the Church was pondered. This study aims to understand these funeral bans and to assess the management of burial areas and their surroundings from a new perspective. Not only does it shed light on the future of the bodies deprived of sepultura ecclesiastica, but it also raises the question of the care assumed by the authorities of the ‘bad dead’

Couesmes – Les Pendoirs

Datées de l’époque moderne par les sources écrites, les fourches patibulaires de Château-la-Vallière apparaissent également sur l’atlas-terrier du duché-pairie réalisé en 1788-1789. Toujours en élévation entre la fin du xixe s. et le début du xxe s., la construction n’avait jamais intéressé les chercheurs, exceptés quelques érudits locaux et des éditeurs de cartes postales. En juillet 2016, une prospection pédestre avait permis de retrouver les vestiges d’un lieu de justice nécessitant d’être..

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Céreste (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). La chapelle Saint-Georges

L’expertise urgente de la chapelle Saint-Georges fait suite à son saccage au cours du mois de décembre 2014  : après la destruction de l’autel du xixe s. en marbre blanc, la gendarmerie a enregistré la violation d’un caveau et l’exhumation violente des ossements, la dépose d’une grande partie du dallage de l’édifice, ainsi que le creusement de plusieurs sondages clandestins. La confrontation des observations de terrains (effectuées sur une journée) et des sources textuelles permet aujourd’hui..

Couesmes (Indre-et-Loire). Les Pendoirs/Château-la-Vallière

Datées de l’époque moderne par les seules sources écrites, les fourches patibulaires de Château-la-Vallière apparaissent également sur l’atlas-terrier du duché-pairie (1788-1789). Toujours en élévation à la fin du xixe s.-début xxe s., la construction n’avait jamais intéressé les chercheurs, exceptés quelques érudits locaux et des éditeurs de cartes postales. En juillet 2016, une prospection pédestre a permis de retrouver les vestiges d’un lieu de justice dont l’intérêt dépasse le cadre local..

Les fourches patibulaires en France. Un patrimoine judiciaire oublié

This article aims to prove that gibbets, gallows and patibulary forks have their place in the constitution, conservation and valorisation of a historical judicial patrimony. To this end, it presents the links that people of the past and present have had and still have with hanging structures, the way in which people have perceived and still perceive justice through them. It also analyses this penal patrimony according to different scales of observation (past/present, individual/collective, family/society, private/public, etc.) in terms of heritage, transmission, identity and memory

Christiana sepultura priventur. Privation de sépulture, distinction spatiale et inhumations atypiques à la lumière des pratiques funéraires (Xe-XIVe s.)

Cette contribution aborde et confronte trois questions conjointes : premièrement la volonté de mettre à l'écart certains morts et de les distinguer dans l'espace, deuxièmement la privation de sépulture chrétienne, et troisièmement les inhumations atypiques

Zastosowania, funkcje i symbolika średniowiecznych szubienic słupowych (XII-XV wiek). Stan badań we francji

International audienc

Le bourreau de Périgueux dans les registres de comptabilités (XIVe-XVIIIe s.)

Du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle, les registres de comptabilité de la ville de Périgueux fournissent des informations sur le bourreau municipal : les noms, les costumes, les gages et les salaires dessinent le portrait d’un agent qui semble être bien plus qu’un simple artisan de la peine capitale. En plus de présenter une synthèse des données, cette investigation invite également à s’interroger sur l’image portée par l’historiographie traditionnelle d’un bourreau exclu et marginalisé