Arsonium-Containing Lipophosphoramides, Poly-Functional Nano-Carriers for Simultaneous Antibacterial Action and Eukaryotic Cell Transfection.

International audienceGene therapy of diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF) would consist of delivering a gene medicine towards the lungs via the respiratory tract into the target epithelial cells. Accordingly, poly-functional nano-carriers are required in order to overcome the various successive barriers of such a complex environment, such as airway colonization with bacterial strains. In this work, the antibacterial effectiveness of a series of cationic lipids is investigated before evaluating its compatibility with gene transfer into human bronchial epithelial cells. Among the various compounds considered, some bearing a trimethyl-arsonium headgroup demonstrate very potent biocide effects towards clinically relevant bacterial strains. In contrast to cationic lipids exhibiting no or insufficient antibacterial potency, arsonium-containing lipophosphoramides can simultaneously inhibit bacteria while delivering DNA into eukaryotic cells, as efficiently and safely as in absence of bacteria. Moreover, such vectors can demonstrate antibacterial activity in vitro while retaining high gene transfection efficiency to the nasal epithelium as well as to the lungs in mice in vivo. Arsonium-containing amphiphiles are the first synthetic compounds shown to achieve efficient gene delivery in the presence of bacteria, a property particularly suitable for gene therapy strategies under infected conditions such as within the airways of CF patients

Las frágiles y peligrosas medusas

International audienceIntroduction: Our aim was to explore the prognostic value of anthropometric parameters in patients treated with nivolumab for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We retrospectively included 55 patients with NSCLC treated by nivolumab with a pretreatment 18FDG positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT). Anthropometric parameters were measured on the CT of PET/CT by in-house software (Anthropometer3D) allowing an automatic multi-slice measurement of Lean Body Mass (LBM), Fat Body Mass (FBM), Muscle Body Mass (MBM), Visceral Fat Mass (VFM) and Sub-cutaneous Fat Mass (SCFM). Clinical and tumor parameters were also retrieved. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed and overall survival at 1 year was studied using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analysis. Results: FBM and SCFM were highly correlated (ρ = 0.99). In ROC analysis, only FBM, SCFM, VFM, body mass index (BMI) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) had an area under the curve (AUC) significantly higher than 0.5. In Kaplan-Meier analysis using medians as cut-offs, prognosis was worse for patients with low SCFM (<5.69 kg/m2; p = 0.04, survivors 41% vs 75%). In Cox univariate analysis using continuous values, BMI (HR = 0.84, p= 0.007), SCFM (HR = 0.75, p = 0.003) and FBM (HR = 0.80, p= 0.004) were significant prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis using clinical parameters (age, gender, WHO performance status, number prior regimens) and SCFM, only SCFM was significantly associated with poor survival (HR = 0.75, p = 0.006). Conclusions: SCFM is a significant prognosis factor of stage IV NSCLC treated by nivolumab

Isolation and Characterization of New Leptospira Genotypes from Patients in Mayotte (Indian Ocean)

Leptospirosis has been recognized as an increasing public health problem affecting poor people from developing countries and tropical regions. However, the epidemiology of leptospirosis remains poorly understood in remote parts of the world. In this study of patients from the island of Mayotte, we isolated 22 strains from the blood of patients during the acute phase of illness. The pathogenic Leptospira strains were characterized by serology and various molecular typing methods. Based on serological data, serogroup Mini appears to be the dominant cause of leptospirosis in Mayotte. Further molecular characterization of these isolates allowed the identification of 10 pathogenic Leptospira genotypes that could correspond to previously unknown serovars. Further progress in our understanding of the epidemiology of Leptospira circulating genotypes in highly endemic regions should contribute to the development of novel strategies for the diagnosis and prevention of this neglected emerging disease

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

The role of probe-based confocal endomicroscopy in insterstitial lung disease.

National audienc

Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D

The objective of this thesis was to examine the possibility of carrying out a growth of three-dimensional periodic structures by chemical vapour decomposition in a 3D interference field. The direct growth of chromium oxide Cr2O3 of 3D periodic organization was proven. This one takes place by photolytic decomposition of chromyle chloride CrO2Cl2. Moreover, as such a decomposition was realized on TiO2 single-crystal substrate, it was found that the structuring of Cr2O3 exhibits crystallographical orientational relationships with respect to the substrate. The process starts with an epitaxial growth of CrO2 which the crystal structure is isomorphous with that of TiO2 rutile; CrO2 oxide decomposes partially into Cr2O3, itself cristallographically oriented with respect to CrO2. Then a growth of Cr2O3 phase continues according to the electromagnetic energy density modulations of the 3D interference network. This manuscript contains also a recall of the interfercences network theory , the description of the breadboard construction and the checking of the stability and its resolution by photopolymerization of organic/inorganic hybrids. A study on the influence of various parameters of the photopolymerization of these hybrids is also presented.L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était d'examiner la possibilité de réaliser une croissance des structure tri-périodiques par décomposition d'une phase gazeuse dans un champ d'interférences 3D. La croissance directe de l'oxyde de chrome Cr2O3 organisée de façon tri-périodique a été prouvée. Celle-ci a lieu par décomposition photolytique du chlorure de chromyle CrO2Cl2. De plus, comme cette décomposition a été réalisée sur un substrat monocristallin de TiO2, il a été trouvé que la structuration de Cr2O3présentait des relations d'orientations cristallographiques par rapport à  celle du substrat. Le processus commence par une croissance épitaxiale de l'oxyde CrO2 de structure cristalline isomorphe de celle du rutile TiO2. L'oxyde se décompose ensuite partiellement en Cr2O3, lui-même cristallographiquement orienté par rapport à CrO2. Puis une croissance de la phase Cr2O3 se poursuit selon les modulations de densité d'énergie électromagnétique du réseau d'interférences. Ce manuscrit contient aussi un rappel de la théorie du réseau d'interférences, la description du montage expérimental et la vérification de la stabilité et de sa résolution par photopolymérisation d'hybrides organo-minéraux. Une étude sur l'influence des différents paramètres de la photopolymérisation de ces hybrides est également présentée

Endoscopie virtuelle

National audienc

Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était d'examiner la possibilité de réaliser une croissance de structure tri-périodique par décomposition d'une phase gazeuse dans un champ d'interférences 3D. La croissance directe de l'oxyde de chrome Cr2O3 organisée de façon tri-périodique a été prouvée. Celle-ci a lieu par décomposition photolytique du chlorure de chromyle CrO2Cl2. De plus, comme cette décomposition a été réalisée sur un substrat monocristallin de TiO2, il a été trouvé que la structuration de Cr2O3 présentait des relations d'orientations cristallographiques par rapport à celle du substrat. Le processus commence par une croissance épitaxiale de l'oxyde CrO2 de structure cristalline isomorphe de celle du rutile TiO2. L'oxyde CrO2 se décompose ensuite partiellement en Cr2O3, lui-même cristallographiquement orienté par rapport à CrO2. Puis une croissance de la phase Cr2O3 se poursuit selon les modulations de densité d'énergie électromagnétique du réseau d'interférences.The objective of this thesis was to examine the possibility of carrying out a growth of three-dimensional periodic structures by chemical vapour decomposition in a 3D interfe-rence field. The direct growth of chromium oxide Or20:3 of 3D periodic organization was proven. This one takes place by photolytic decomposition of chromyle chloride Cr02C[2' Moreover, as such a decomposition was realized on T i02 single-crystal substrate, it was found that the structuring of Cr203 exhibits crystallographical orientational relationships with respect to the substrate. The process starts with an epitaxial growth of Or02 which the crystal structure is isomorphous with that of TiCh rutile; CrCh oxide decomposes par tially into C7'203, itself cristallographically orientecl with respect to Cr02' Then a growth of Cr203 phase continues according to the electromagnetic energy clensity modulations of the 3D interference network.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Redox cycling and metastability of La₂Mo₂O₉-based ceramics

International audienceThis paper aims at providing a better understanding of the electrical properties and mechanical behavior in reducing atmosphere (Ar–H2) of La2Mo2O9-type ceramics in order to clarify their potential use as either SOFC electrolyte or anode. A careful analysis of the available literature on this topic is provided.The electrical properties, crystal structure and ceramic microstructure of reduced La1.9Y0.1Mo1.5W0.5O9 are investigated by AC Impedance Spectroscopy (IS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). At 400 °C, La1.9Y0.1Mo1.5W0.5O9 is metastable in 10% Ar–H2. The reduction yields an electronic conductivity and results in a disappearance of all the electrical phenomena of interfacial nature. On severe reduction, the mass loss and particles ejection lead to an important contraction of the grains yielding strong damages at grain boundaries, where reduced phases and/or metallic molybdenum segregate, explaining the high electronic conductivity