Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most serious insect pest species to evolve resistance against many insecticides from different chemical classes. This species has evolved resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides across its native range and is becoming a truly global pest after establishing in South America and having been recently recorded in North America. A chimeric cytochrome P450 gene, CYP337B3, has been identified as a resistance mechanism for resistance to fenvalerate and cypermethrin. Here we show that this resistance mechanism is common around the world with at least eight different alleles. It is present in South America and has probably introgressed into its closely related native sibling species, Helicoverpa zea. The different alleles of CYP337B3 are likely to have arisen independently in different geographic locations from selection on existing diversity. The alleles found in Brazil are those most commonly found in Asia, suggesting a potential origin for the incursion of H. armigera into the Americas

Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is one of the most serious insect pest species to evolve resistance against many insecticides from different chemical classes. This species has evolved resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides across its native range and is becoming a truly global pest after establishing in South America and having been recently recorded in North America. A chimeric cytochrome P450 gene, CYP337B3, has been identified as a resistance mechanism for resistance to fenvalerate and cypermethrin. Here we show that this resistance mechanism is common around the world with at least eight different alleles. It is present in South America and has probably introgressed into its closely related native sibling species, Helicoverpa zea. The different alleles of CYP337B3 are likely to have arisen independently in different geographic locations from selection on existing diversity. The alleles found in Brazil are those most commonly found in Asia, suggesting a potential origin for the incursion of H. armigera into the Americas

Gaia Data Release 1: Testing parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Context. Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids, and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). Aims. In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, which involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity (PL), period-Wesenheit (PW) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared PL, PL-metallicity (PLZ), and optical luminosity-metallicity (M V -[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. Methods. Classical Cepheids were carefully selected in order to discard known or suspected binary systems. The final sample comprises 102 fundamental mode pulsators with periods ranging from 1.68 to 51.66 days (of which 33 with σ Ω /Ω < 0.5). The Type II Cepheids include a total of 26 W Virginis and BL Herculis stars spanning the period range from 1.16 to 30.00 days (of which only 7 with σ Ω /Ω < 0.5). The RR Lyrae stars include 200 sources with pulsation period ranging from 0.27 to 0.80 days (of which 112 with σ Ω /Ω < 0.5). The new relations were computed using multi-band (V,I,J,K s ) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and by applying three alternative approaches: (i) linear least-squares fitting of the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes; (ii) adopting astrometry-based luminosities; and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. The last two methods work in parallax space where parallaxes are used directly, thus maintaining symmetrical errors and allowing negative parallaxes to be used. The TGAS-based PL,PW,PLZ, and M V - [Fe/H] relations are discussed by comparing the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud provided by different types of pulsating stars and alternative fitting methods. Results. Good agreement is found from direct comparison of the parallaxes of RR Lyrae stars for which both TGAS and HST measurements are available. Similarly, very good agreement is found between the TGAS values and the parallaxes inferred from the absolute magnitudes of Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars analysed with the Baade-Wesselink method. TGAS values also compare favourably with the parallaxes inferred by theoretical model fitting of the multi-band light curves for two of the three classical Cepheids and one RR Lyrae star, which were analysed with this technique in our samples. The K-band PL relations show the significant improvement of the TGAS parallaxes for Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars with respect to the Hipparcos measurements. This is particularly true for the RR Lyrae stars for which improvement in quality and statistics is impressive. Conclusions. TGAS parallaxes bring a significant added value to the previous Hipparcos estimates. The relations presented in this paper represent the first Gaia-calibrated relations and form a work-in-progress milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes of which a first solution will become available with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) in 2018. © ESO, 2017

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Le patrimoine industriel de l'électricité et de l'hydroélectricité : actes du colloque international de Divonne-les-Bains et de Genève

Plusieurs éléments justifient une première approche par l’industrie, en dehors du fait qu’un remarquable vide éditorial caractérise ce domaine. Il s’agit de la nécessité de répondre à une demande sociale; de la multiplication des opérations d’aménagement et de «requalification» partout dans le monde, qui concernent en premier lieu le patrimoine industriel; de la diversification des métiers du patrimoine et l’émergence de nouveaux besoins qui rendent indispensable une formation adaptée, donc un enseignement structuré. Si les héritages présentés dans ce livre apparaissent d’abord locaux, intimement ancrés dans des territoires et des paysages, une approche internationale qui révèle les identités du monde du travail est ici privilégiée.SOMMAIRE* L’électricité diva à Divonne / Denis Varaschin et Yves Bouvier A - PATRIMOINE DE L'ELECTRICITE ET TERRITOIRE1 - Le patrimoine in situ de l’électricité en France. Esquisse d’un bilan / Bernard André 2 - Le patrimoine de l’électricité, fils du chemin de fer. Le patrimoine hydroélectrique de la Société Hydro-Électrique du Midi (SHEM) / Christophe Bouneau 3 - Histoire et patrimoine des aménagements hydroélectriques frontaliers français / Denis Varaschin 4 - Le patrimoine au fil de l’eau de la Divonne et de la Versoix / Bénédict Frommel 5- Genève et son patrimoine électrique / Sabine Nemec-Piguet 6 - L’électrification de la Tchécoslovaquie et les centrales hydroélectriques de l’Elbe (1918-1938) / Marcela Efmertová 7 - Conservation et mise en valeur du patrimoine de l’électricité en Flandre / Adriaan Linters 8 - Le patrimoine des électrométallurgistes et électrochimistes en Europe / Florence Hachez-Leroy B - LES ACTEURS DE LA MISE EN VALEUR DU PATRIMOINE9 - Comment penser un patrimoine électrique à l’échelle du groupe EDF / Claude Welty10 - Le patrimoine de l’électricité en Catalogne et sa mise en valeur / Joan Carles Alayo 11 - The Ticcih section for hydroelectricity and the electrochemical industry: Industrial heritage in Norway as an example / Elisabeth BjØrsvik 12 - La conservación y promoción del patrimonio industrial eléctrico en el Perú Neydo Hidalgo 13 - La mise en valeur muséale des sites hydrauliques au Canada.Les exemples de Niagara et de Shawinigan / Ian McGillivray, Mary Glendinning et Pierre Lanthier 14 - Divonnelectro: de l’utilisation des anciennes microcentrales / Georges Leskens et Alain Kespy 15 - Vers des «conclusions patrimoniales»? / Marie-Noëlle Polin

Le patrimoine industriel de l'électricité et de l'hydroélectricité : actes du colloque international de Divonne-les-Bains et de Genève

International audiencePlusieurs éléments justifient une première approche par l’industrie, en dehors du fait qu’un remarquable vide éditorial caractérise ce domaine. Il s’agit de la nécessité de répondre à une demande sociale; de la multiplication des opérations d’aménagement et de «requalification» partout dans le monde, qui concernent en premier lieu le patrimoine industriel; de la diversification des métiers du patrimoine et l’émergence de nouveaux besoins qui rendent indispensable une formation adaptée, donc un enseignement structuré. Si les héritages présentés dans ce livre apparaissent d’abord locaux, intimement ancrés dans des territoires et des paysages, une approche internationale qui révèle les identités du monde du travail est ici privilégiée.SOMMAIRE* L’électricité diva à Divonne / Denis Varaschin et Yves Bouvier A - PATRIMOINE DE L'ELECTRICITE ET TERRITOIRE1 - Le patrimoine in situ de l’électricité en France. Esquisse d’un bilan / Bernard André 2 - Le patrimoine de l’électricité, fils du chemin de fer. Le patrimoine hydroélectrique de la Société Hydro-Électrique du Midi (SHEM) / Christophe Bouneau 3 - Histoire et patrimoine des aménagements hydroélectriques frontaliers français / Denis Varaschin 4 - Le patrimoine au fil de l’eau de la Divonne et de la Versoix / Bénédict Frommel 5- Genève et son patrimoine électrique / Sabine Nemec-Piguet 6 - L’électrification de la Tchécoslovaquie et les centrales hydroélectriques de l’Elbe (1918-1938) / Marcela Efmertová 7 - Conservation et mise en valeur du patrimoine de l’électricité en Flandre / Adriaan Linters 8 - Le patrimoine des électrométallurgistes et électrochimistes en Europe / Florence Hachez-Leroy B - LES ACTEURS DE LA MISE EN VALEUR DU PATRIMOINE9 - Comment penser un patrimoine électrique à l’échelle du groupe EDF / Claude Welty10 - Le patrimoine de l’électricité en Catalogne et sa mise en valeur / Joan Carles Alayo 11 - The Ticcih section for hydroelectricity and the electrochemical industry: Industrial heritage in Norway as an example / Elisabeth BjØrsvik 12 - La conservación y promoción del patrimonio industrial eléctrico en el Perú Neydo Hidalgo 13 - La mise en valeur muséale des sites hydrauliques au Canada.Les exemples de Niagara et de Shawinigan / Ian McGillivray, Mary Glendinning et Pierre Lanthier 14 - Divonnelectro: de l’utilisation des anciennes microcentrales / Georges Leskens et Alain Kespy 15 - Vers des «conclusions patrimoniales»? / Marie-Noëlle Polin

Resonant transmission of terahertz waves through metallic slot antennas on various dielectric substrates

We report on terahertz electromagnetic field transmission through metallic slot antennas supported on various dielectric substrates. The substrate effect strongly modifies the transmission resonance compared to the free-standing case, while the resonance can be determined systematically by introducing an effective refractive index. The relative contribution of the substrate index to the effective index has been measured for various substrates, and shows a good agreement with theoretical calculations based on a coupled mode method. In addition, the slot antenna arrays embedded in a flexible substrate show a transmission resonance governed by a substrate refractive index