IMPORTANCIA DE LA NUTRICIÓN EN EL PLAN DE ESTUDIOS DE ENFERMERÍA DE LA FESI UNAM

Introduction: In Mexico there are some regions with starvation and undernourishment, therefore the medical research has to be increased. The Nursing Major program at Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (2006) includes the study of nutrition. This one is divided in different modules but not as an specific subject, however we have observed that students are not able to incorporate all the nutrition fundamental aspects. Currently the basic theory of nutrition takes 56 hours and 50 minutes, but this one is included such as a section in different courses. “Nutrition and Health care” is an elective subject and it takes 80 hours, nevertheless there are two disadvantages. The first one is that students are allowed to take it up to the fourth semester, and the second one is that there is a lack of time (23 hours), since nutrition is a wide topic. We need to get qualified people related to this topic in order to teach efficiently. We have noticed that students need to learn more about nutrition, for that reason it is necessary to assign the nutrition topic as a compulsory subject, otherwise not all the students will be able to take the course. Material and Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the current research. For the quantitative method was used a nominal scale that allowed to sort the 34 programs reviewed from mexican institutions which have the nursing major. Two researches (done by the students) were considerated to find out that only 70% of students enrolled in seventh semester had taken the nutrition subject. Regarding the qualitative method, 10 students proposed that nutrition must be included as a compulsory subject. Results: There was a study focused on the nursing major programs from mexican universities, in which 34 was the number of programs reviewed. 28 universities have already included nutrition topic in their programs and 6 universities have not considered this matter in their programs yet. According to the results from the qualitative research, nutrition must be considered as an essential subject on the programs. Discussion: As a result of a quantitative and qualitative research, it is important to take into account, in the next evaluation of the subject’s curriculum, the opportunity to reincorporate the nutrition topic in basic semesters, and emphasize this point on all the study programs. Conclusion: In an effort to improve the topics related to nutrition and health care, it is very important to reorganize and focus on study plans at Iztacala University.Introducción: México tiene algunas regiones con hambre y desnutrición. También la producción en investigación clínica en México se debe incrementar. El Plan de Estudios de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (2006) sí contempla el estudio de la Nutrición pero de manera fraccionada en diferentes módulos. Hemos observado que las y los estudiantes no han integrado todos los aspectos fundamentales de Nutrición. El tiempo empleado para abordar la temática teórica básica sobre Nutrición es de 56 horas con 50 minutos. Como optativa de “Nutrición y Salud” se imparten 80 horas. El primer inconveniente es que la optativa la pueden llevar hasta el 4° semestre; el segundo, es que hay un déficit de 23 horas de trabajo en el aula, si restamos las horas asignadas al módulo optativo con respecto a las horas de trabajo en los módulos obligatorios. Si México tiene problemas de nutrición, necesitamos contar con personal preparado en el tema. Vemos que no estamos aportándoles suficientemente estas herramientas, por lo que es necesario que no se estudie en forma de materia optativa, porque no todos los estudiantes la van a cursar. Material y Método: Es una investigación evaluativa cuanti-cualitativa. La parte cuantitativa empleó el nivel de escala nominal que permitió clasificar los 34 programas revisados de Instituciones de Educación Superior que imparten la Licenciatura en Enfermería en México. Se tomaron en cuenta los resultados de 2 investigaciones realizadas por estudiantes que encontraron que sólo el 70% de la matrícula de séptimo semestre han llevado Nutrición. En la parte cualitativa, 10 estudiantes sugirieron que Nutrición fuera un módulo obligatorio. Resultados: 28 Programas de los 34 revisados de Universidades de México SÍ tienen especificado en su Plan de Estudios el abordaje de Nutrición. Mientras que 6 Programas de los 34 revisados NO tienen especificado en su Plan de Estudios el abordaje de Nutrición. Los resultados cualitativos fueron constantes en cuanto a que “la optativa de Nutrición debería pasar a módulo obligatorio”. Discusión: Hay un peso cuantitativo y cualitativo que se pronuncia hacia revisar en una próxima Evaluación Curricular, la pertinencia de reincorporar en los primeros semestres obligatorios la temática de Nutrición de un manera más explícita en nuestro Plan de Estudios. Conclusión: Hay que reorganizar los contenidos programáticos en materia de Nutrición y Salud dentro de nuestro Plan de Estudios

Historical Isolation versus Recent Long-Distance Connections between Europe and Africa in Bifid Toadflaxes (Linaria sect. Versicolores)

Background: Due to its complex, dynamic and well-known paleogeography, the Mediterranean region provides an ideal framework to study the colonization history of plant lineages. The genus Linaria has its diversity centre in the Mediterranean region, both in Europe and Africa. The last land connection between both continental plates occurred during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, in the late Miocene (5.96 to 5.33 Ma). Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed the colonization history of Linaria sect. Versicolores (bifid toadflaxes), which includes c. 22 species distributed across the Mediterranean, including Europe and Africa. Two cpDNA regions (rpl32-trnL UAG and trnK-matK) were sequenced from 66 samples of Linaria. We conducted phylogenetic, dating, biogeographic and phylogeographic analyses to reconstruct colonization patterns in space and time. Four major clades were found: two of them exclusively contain Iberian samples, while the other two include northern African samples together with some European samples. The bifid toadflaxes have been split in African and European clades since the late Miocene, and most lineage and speciation differentiation occurred during the Pliocene and Quaternary. We have strongly inferred four events of post-Messinian colonization following long-distance dispersal from northern Africa to the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Greece. Conclusions/Significance: The current distribution of Linaria sect. Versicolores lineages is explained by both ancien

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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The global abundance of tree palms

Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

Measurement of the Pseudorapidity and Centrality Dependence of the Transverse Energy Density in Pb-Pb Collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

The transverse energy (E-T) in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (root s(NN)) has been measured over a broad range of pseudorapidity (eta) and collision centrality by using the CMS detector at the LHC. The transverse energy density per unit pseudorapidity (dE(T)/d eta) increases faster with collision energy than the charged particle multiplicity. This implies that the mean energy per particle is increasing with collision energy. At all pseudorapidities, the transverse energy per participating nucleon increases with the centrality of the collision. The ratio of transverse energy per unit pseudorapidity in peripheral to central collisions varies significantly as the pseudorapidity increases from eta = 0 to vertical bar eta vertical bar = 5.0. For the 5% most central collisions, the energy density per unit volume is estimated to be about 14 GeV/fm(3) at a time of 1 fm/c after the collision. This is about 100 times larger than normal nuclear matter density and a factor of 2.6 times higher than the energy density reported at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider