Sistema de tareas docentes para la formación de la habilidad profesional específica diseñar proyectos comunitarios

Introducción: la formación de habilidades profesionales ha sido un tema abordado desde la ciencia, y para que esta tenga lugar, el uso de las tareas docentes como célula del Proceso Docente Educativo a partir de los nexos existentes en su estructura, revelan su utilidad para formar habilidades profesionales específicas. Objetivo: la propuesta de un sistema de tareas docentes para la formación de esta habilidad profesional específica: diseñar proyectos comunitarios; en la Licenciatura en Cultura Física. Materiales y métodos: entre los métodos aplicados en esta investigación se destacan: análisis documental, analítico sintético, inductivo deductivo y la encuesta, así como los métodos y procedimientos en el orden estadístico-matemático. Resultados: a partir de los resultados teóricos en la investigación, las acciones y las operaciones de carácter lógico de la habilidad profesional específica diseñar proyectos comunitarios en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Cultura Física, son identificadas teniendo en cuenta las etapas de la metodología de marco lógico por el principio heurístico de analogía. Se tuvo en cuenta las potencialidades de la disciplina principal integradora, y en particular, de la práctica laboral investigativa III, para lograr el proceso de formación de dicha habilidad y elaborar tareas docentes; concebidas como un sistema, con el objetivo de contribuir al proceso de formación de la habilidad. Estas tareas docentes se proponen a partir de las acciones y las operaciones de la habilidad profesional específica identificadas. Conclusiones: existen otras habilidades profesionales específicas que muestran aún insuficiente tratamiento desde la investigación en aras de su formación, lo que limita que el egresado cumpla adecuadamente su rol social comunitario

Influencia de un programa de ejercicios físicos adaptados para el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en niños de 8 a 12 años del equipo de atletismo Marlins de Ciudad del Carmen, México

ejercicios físicos adaptados ejerce sobre el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en niños que entrenan atletismo del equipo Marlin´s, lo que permitirá a futuro ser parte de un grupo de atletas, que tengan un buen nivel competitivo en esta disciplina. La investigación es de tipo longitudinal, al realizarse las mediciones a lo largo del tiempo, se enmarca en un diseño pre experimental con pre-test y post-test al mismo grupo. Se hace una comparación de muestra pareadas para eliminar el sesgo de error que tiene el pre-experimento. Los métodos utilizados para dar respuesta a la problemática detectada son diversos con énfasis en la medición como método principal que permitió realizar un análisis estadístico acorde al tipo de estudio seleccionado. La contribución se materializa en la propia concepción del programa motriz a los niños que entrenan atletismo. Las conclusiones refieren que derivado del diagnóstico se observó en la muestra seleccionada dificultades en la coordinación motriz, lo que demostró la necesidad de la elaboración de este programa. Después de aplicado, pudo comprobarse que el mismo influyó positivamente en el proceso de entrenamiento del atletismo, se logró mejorar significativamente la coordinación motriz en niños de 8 a 12 años del equipo de atletismo Marlins y con ello la ejecución de las diferentes técnicas empleadas en este deporte. Palabras clave: Coordinación motriz, entrenamiento, atletismo.   ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to determine the influence that an adapted physical exercise program exerts on the development of motor coordination in children who train athletics for the Marlin's team, which will allow them to be part of a group of athletes in the future, who have a good competitive level in this discipline. The research is of a longitudinal type, as the measurements are made over time, it is part of a pre-experimental design with pre-test and post-test to the same group. A comparison of paired samples is made to eliminate the error bias that the pre-experiment has. The methods used to respond to the detected problems are diverse with emphasis on measurement as the main method that allowed statistical analysis according to the type of study selected. The contribution is materialized in the very conception of the motor program for children who train athletics. The conclusions refer that derived from the diagnosis, difficulties in motor coordination were observed in the selected sample, which demonstrated the need for the development of this program. After applied, it could be verified that it had a positive influence on the athletics training process, it was possible to significantly improve motor coordination in children from 8 to 12 years of age from the Marlins athletics team and with it the execution of the different techniques used in this sport. Keywords: Motor coordination, training, athletics

Educación ambiental y sociedad. Saberes locales para el desarrollo y la sustentabilidad

EL LIBRO PERMITE REFLEXIONAR SOBRE LA IMPORTANCIA DE FOMENTAL LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA RESOLVER LA PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTALEL LIBRO PRESENTA DIFERENTES TRABAJOS QUE ESTUDIAN EL TEMA D ELA SUSTENTABILIDAD, ENFATIZANDO LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y LA TRANSDISCIPLINANINGUN

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Seafood consumption, omega-3 fatty acids intake, and life-time prevalence of depression in the PREDIMED-Plus trial

BACKGROUND: The aim of this analysis was to ascertain the type of relationship between fish and seafood consumption, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) intake, and depression prevalence. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Fish and seafood consumption and ω-3 PUFA intake were assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Self-reported life-time medical diagnosis of depression or use of antidepressants was considered as outcome. Depressive symptoms were collected by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between seafood products and ω-3 PUFA consumption and depression. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between fish and long-chain (LC) ω-3 PUFA intake and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Out of 6587 participants, there were 1367 cases of depression. Total seafood consumption was not associated with depression. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quintiles of consumption of fatty fish were 0.77 (0.63⁻0.94), 0.71 (0.58⁻0.87), and 0.78 (0.64⁻0.96), respectively, and p for trend = 0.759. Moderate intake of total LC ω-3 PUFA (approximately 0.5⁻1 g/day) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depression. CONCLUSION: In our study, moderate fish and LC ω-3 PUFA intake, but not high intake, was associated with lower odds of depression suggesting a U-shaped relationship.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health (Carlos III Health Institute) through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (grant numbers and corresponding codes: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14-00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853), the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013–2018; 340918) grant to MAMG, the Recercaixa grant to J. S-S. and NB (2013ACUP00194), the grant from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016), the SEMERGEN grant, and FEDER funds (CB06/03)

ERC, 10 años de excelencia en la ciencia

Datos técnicos: 8 minutos, color, español. Ficha técnica: Gabinete de Presidencia CSIC y Departamento de ComunicaciónEl Consejo Europeo de Investigación (ERC, por sus siglas en inglés) cumplió 10 años el 24 de marzo de 2017. A lo largo de esta década de vida, se ha financiado a unos 7.000 investigadores, permitiendo la publicación de cerca de 100.000 artículos en revistas científicas internacionales. En España, cerca de 400 investigadores han recibido un total de 650 millones de euros y el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) destaca por ser la institución española con mayor número de ayudas, por delante de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra, el Instituto de Ciencias Fotónicas, la Universidad de Barcelona y el Centro de Regulación Genómica. Entre los más de 400 proyectos que han obtenido una ayuda del Consejo Europeo de Investigación en España, más de un centenar han recaído en el CSIC.N

Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests

Aim: Tropical forests store 25% of global carbon and harbour 96% of the world's tree species, but it is not clear whether this high biodiversity matters for carbon storage. Few studies have teased apart the relative importance of forest attributes and environmental drivers for ecosystem functioning, and no such study exists for the tropics. Location: Neotropics. Methods: We relate aboveground biomass (AGB) to forest attributes (diversity and structure) and environmental drivers (annual rainfall and soil fertility) using data from 144,000 trees, 2050 forest plots and 59 forest sites. The sites span the complete latitudinal and climatic gradients in the lowland Neotropics, with rainfall ranging from 750 to 4350mmyear-1. Relationships were analysed within forest sites at scales of 0.1 and 1 ha and across forest sites along large-scale environmental gradients. We used a structural equation model to test the hypothesis that species richness, forest structural attributes and environmental drivers have independent, positive effects on AGB. Results: Across sites, AGB was most strongly driven by rainfall, followed by average tree stem diameter and rarefied species richness, which all had positive effects on AGB. Our indicator of soil fertility (cation exchange capacity) had a negligible effect on AGB, perhaps because we used a global soil database. Taxonomic forest attributes (i.e. species richness, rarefied richness and Shannon diversity) had the strongest relationships with AGB at small spatial scales, where an additional species can still make a difference in terms of niche complementarity, while structural forest attributes (i.e. tree density and tree size) had strong relationships with AGB at all spatial scales. Main conclusions: Biodiversity has an independent, positive effect on AGB and ecosystem functioning, not only in relatively simple temperate systems but also in structurally complex hyperdiverse tropical forests. Biodiversity conservation should therefore be a key component of the UN Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation strategy. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study

© 2023Background: The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed. Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK). Patients aged 18 years or older receiving a first prescription for a drug clinically recommended in the guidelines of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (ie, the index drug) as part of routine care were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included previous genetic testing for a gene relevant to the index drug, a planned duration of treatment of less than 7 consecutive days, and severe renal or liver insufficiency. All patients gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. Participants were genotyped for 50 germline variants in 12 genes, and those with an actionable variant (ie, a drug–gene interaction test result for which the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group [DPWG] recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) were treated according to DPWG recommendations. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. To prepare clinicians for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing, local teams were educated during a site-initiation visit and online educational material was made available. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions within the 12-week follow-up period. Analyses were irrespective of patient adherence to the DPWG guidelines. The primary analysis was done using a gatekeeping analysis, in which outcomes in people with an actionable drug–gene interaction in the study group versus the control group were compared, and only if the difference was statistically significant was an analysis done that included all of the patients in the study. Outcomes were compared between the study and control groups, both for patients with an actionable drug–gene interaction test result (ie, a result for which the DPWG recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) and for all patients who received at least one dose of index drug. The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of a study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093818 and is closed to new participants. Findings: Between March 7, 2017, and June 30, 2020, 41 696 patients were assessed for eligibility and 6944 (51·4 % female, 48·6% male; 97·7% self-reported European, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern ethnicity) were enrolled and assigned to receive genotype-guided drug treatment (n=3342) or standard care (n=3602). 99 patients (52 [1·6%] of the study group and 47 [1·3%] of the control group) withdrew consent after group assignment. 652 participants (367 [11·0%] in the study group and 285 [7·9%] in the control group) were lost to follow-up. In patients with an actionable test result for the index drug (n=1558), a clinically relevant adverse drug reaction occurred in 152 (21·0%) of 725 patients in the study group and 231 (27·7%) of 833 patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0·70 [95% CI 0·54–0·91]; p=0·0075), whereas for all patients, the incidence was 628 (21·5%) of 2923 patients in the study group and 934 (28·6%) of 3270 patients in the control group (OR 0·70 [95% CI 0·61–0·79]; p <0·0001). Interpretation: Genotype-guided treatment using a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel significantly reduced the incidence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions and was feasible across diverse European health-care system organisations and settings. Large-scale implementation could help to make drug therapy increasingly safe. Funding: European Union Horizon 2020