ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

O problema de coleta e entrega com janelas de tempo na indústria petrolífera: modelos e métodos branch-and-cut

Resumo Este trabalho trata do problema de roteamento e programação de navios que transportam óleo cru das plataformas offshore (localizadas no oceano) até os terminais costeiros, motivado por um estudo de caso feito em uma empresa brasileira que realiza essa operação. Com base nesse estudo, propõe-se um modelo de programação inteira mista que é uma extensão do problema clássico de coleta e entrega com janelas de tempo. Esse problema pertence à classe NP-difícil, sendo sua resolução bastante desafiadora na prática. Ao problema da literatura foram agregadas outras restrições práticas relacionadas ao caso em estudo, o que torna a formulação ainda mais desafiadora para resolução direta por meio de softwares de otimização. Em vista disso, dois métodos de solução exatos do tipo branch-and-cut são propostos neste trabalho, os quais usam desigualdades válidas específicas para o problema em estudo. Os resultados de experimentos computacionais realizados com instâncias reais fornecidas pela empresa mostram que os métodos branch-and-cut propostos resolveram uma quantidade maior de instâncias em comparação com a resolução direta do modelo por meio de software de otimização

The production planning problem of orders in small foundries

The production planning problem in market-driven foundries consists of determining the alloys to be melted and the items to be produced. A production plan is defined based on the foundry book order that compiles customer requests. Each customer order can be composed of items of different types and made from different alloys. In the literature, production planning does not usually consider the customers’ orders, i.e., items are independently handled. However, in practical situations, several orders cannot be partially delivered. An order can be delivered only when all of its items have been produced, which often results in delays in meeting the customer demands. Conversely, some orders may be split, which would incur delivering costs. This paper addresses the production planning problem of orders in market-driven foundries, which is considered a gap in the literature. A mathematical model and a relax-and-fix heuristic are proposed to address the problem. An experimental evaluation using synthetic datasets and a real dataset compares the proposed methods with the practical policy planning and a state-of-the-art method that solve the production planning problem of items. The results demonstrate the relevance of the production planning of orders

Digestibilidade de dietas com diferentes fontes de carboidratos e sua influência na glicemia e insulinemia de cães Digestibility of diets with different sources of carbohydrates and your influence in the blood glucose and blood insulin in health dogs

Com o objetivo de estudar a influência das dietas com diferentes fontes de carboidratos na glicemia e insulinemia pós-prandial de cães, foi conduzido, no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), um experimento com cães da raça Foxhound Americano. Foram utilizados 24 cães machos com peso médio de 34,61 ± 3,42 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com parcela subdividida no tempo, com quatro tratamentos, e um animal por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em três dietas, formuladas para conterem as mesmas quantidades (63%) dos cereais avaliados (milho, sorgo e arroz) e uma quarta dieta constituindo uma mistura em partes iguais de cada cereal. As dietas foram isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas. Os animais foram alimentados uma vez ao dia, pela manhã, e as quantidades ingeridas foram estabelecidas de acordo com a equação de predição de Heusner (1982) para energia de manutenção acrescidas em 10%. Foram avaliadas a digestibilidade da matéria seca, a digestibilidade do amido total, a energia digestível, a glicemia e a insulinemia. Para a diferenciação das médias, foi utilizado o teste de Scott-Knott (P<0,05). Observou-se que a dieta 3 (arroz) foi superior (P<0,05) para a variável digestibilidade da matéria seca e digestibilidade do amido total. Para a variável energia digestível, as dietas 1 e 3 (milho e arroz) foram superiores às demais (P<0,05). Não foi observada diferença significativa entre as dietas para as variáveis glicemia (P=0,51) e insulinemia (P=0,66) pelo teste F. Concluiu-se que as diferentes fontes de carboidratos utilizadas nas quatro dietas não influenciaram a glicemia e insulinemia pós-prandial em cães sadios.<br>In order to evaluate the influence of the diets with different carbohydrates sources in blood glucose and blood insulin in dogs, were conducted, in Animal Science Department of Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), a experiment with dogs of breed American Foxhound. Were utilized 24 males dogs with average weight of the 34,61 ± 3,42 kg, allotted in randomized blocks design with subdivided piece in time, with four treatments, and one animal per unit experimental. The treatments were three diets formulated to contain the same amount (63%) of the cereals evaluate (corn, sorghum and rice) and a forth diet being a blend in equal parts of each cereal. The animals were fed once per day, for the morning, and the consume established agreed with the prediction equation of the Heusner (1982) for mantence energy, plus 10%. The digestible dry matter, the digestible starch, the digestible energy, the blood glucose and blood insulin were evaluated. For the statistical analysis were utilized the test of Scort-Knott (P<0,05). Thus, the diet 3 (rice) were higher (P<0,05) for the digestibility of dry matter variable and digestible starch variable. For the digestible energy variable, the diets 1 and 3 (corn and rice) were higher then others (P<0,05). It was found that the treatments didn't influence the blood glucose (P=0,51) and blood insulin (P=0,66) for test F. In conclusion, the different sources of the carbohydrates utilized, in the four diets, didn't influence in the blood glucose and blood insulin in health dogs

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved