Intervenção na parentalidade: o caso específico da formação de pais

[Resumo] Apesar de a discussao das questoes relativas aeducação das crianças no contexto familiar ter provavelmente uma história tao longa quanto a própria história da família, a intervenção estruturada e intencionalizada na parentalidade é algo de relativamente recente. Ao longo deste artigo pretendemos mostrar que a intervenção na parentalidade faz uso de uma grande variedade de procedimentos e dirige- se a um amplo leque de popula<;oes. Apesar de nem sempre os autores mostrarem grande preocupação em delimitar o ambito da intervenção na parentalidade, apresenta-se aqui um modelo piramidal com quatro níveis, entre os quais se situa aquilo que mais frequentemente se denomina de Formação ou Educação de Pais. Analisam-se finalmente com maior profundidade as especificidades dos programas de Formação de Pais, discutindo-se aspectos relativos aavaliação da sua eficácia[Abstract] Although the history of child rearing is probably as old as the history of human families, structured and intentionally planned parenting intervention programs are much more recent. Throughout this article the authors intend to show that parenting intervention programs use a great variety ofprocedures and are directed to many different target-populations. In order to clarify the different dimensions included in parenting interventions, a four-level pyramidal model is proposed, in which is included what is frequently known as parent education. The specificities ofparental education programs are analysed and questions related to the evaluation of their efficacy are discussed

Impacto da qualidade da relação fraterna no ajustamento psicológico dos irmãos: Estudo em família adotiva, convencional e acolhimento institucional

A investigação psicológica que aborda a família como contexto primário de socialização tem vindo a salientar a relevância que o sistema fraterno assume no ajustamento psicológico dos irmãos. A emergência de novas formas de família, como a família adotiva, impõe a reconsideração do laço fraterno, pois que a abordagem da fratria na ausência de um vínculo biológico reforça a pertinência do estudo das dimensões da relação entre irmãos que (apenas) partilham experiências significativas. Por outro lado, a evidência do papel desempenhado pelo vínculo biológico entre irmãos que se encontram em acolhimento institucional, conduziu ao estudo do impacto que o contexto de vida tem na perceção da relação fraterna, determinando diferentes padrões relacionais. O presente estudo visa perceber o impacto que estes diferentes padrões relacionais fraternos desenvolvidos em diferentes contextos, a saber, família convencional, família adotiva e acolhimento institucional, determinam no ajustamento psicológico dos irmãos, avaliado a partir da perceção do adulto cuidador e da autoperceção de competência e valor pessoal dos próprios. Participaram neste estudo 156 crianças, de ambos os sexos (59,6% rapazes), de idade média de 10.62 (DP=3.02), que tinham um irmão do mesmo sexo (68.6%) ou de sexo diferente (31.4%) e com uma diferença média de idades de 3.40 (DP=2.18). Os dados foram recolhidos através do QRI e do SPPC e SPPA, junto das crianças e do SIBS e SDQ, junto dos adultos cuidadores. Os resultados evidenciaram correlações significativas entre as dimensões da relação fraterna e as variáveis de ajustamento psicológico, nos diferentes contextos de vida considerados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Parenting scales : contributions to the factorial validity of the Portuguese version

The purpose of this study is to confirm the structural validity of the Questioná- rio de Estilos Educativos Parentais (QEEP) in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. This instrument is an adaptation of the Parenting Scales to the Portuguese population and intends to evaluate adolescents’ perceptions of the rearing style of their parents. It is composed of 19 items related with two dimensions: Acceptance (Responsiveness) and Monitoring (Supervision). The sample has comprised 210 boys and 213 girls aged from 12 to 15 years. A two-dimensional model has emerged from confirmatory factorial analysis – Acceptance, similar to the original subscale, and Knowledge, composed by some items from the Monitoring dimension. Internal consistency coefficients are acceptable for research purposes.Este estudo tem como objectivo confirmar a estrutura factorial do Questionário de Estilos Educativos Parentais (QEEP) numa amostra de adolescentes portugueses. Este instrumento constitui a versão adaptada à população portuguesa das Parenting Scales e pretende avaliar a percepção que os adolescentes têm dos estilos educativos dos pais. É composto por 19 itens que remetem para duas dimensões: Aceitação (subescala Responsividade) e Monitorização (subescala Supervisão). Participaram no estudo 210 rapazes e 213 raparigas com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 15 anos. Da análise factorial confirmatória emergiu um modelo com duas dimensões – Aceitação, semelhante à subescala original, e Conhecimento, composta por parte dos itens da dimensão Monitorização. Os valores de consistência interna são considerados aceitáveis para fins de investigação

Calcium signaling and the novel anti-proliferative effect of the UTP-sensitive P2Y11 receptor in rat cardiac myofibroblasts

During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion both purines and pyrimidines are released into the extracellular milieu, thus creating a signaling wave that propagates to neighboring cells via membrane-bound P2 purinoceptors activation. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are important players in heart remodeling, electrophysiological changes and hemodynamic alterations following myocardial infarction. Here, we investigated the role UTP on calcium signaling and proliferation of CF cultured from ventricles of adult rats. Co-expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 and -smooth muscle actin indicate that cultured CF are activated myofibroblasts. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signals were monitored in cells loaded with Fluo-4 NW. CF proliferation was evaluated by the MTT assay. UTP and the selective P2Y4 agonist, MRS4062, caused a fast desensitizing [Ca2+]i rise originated from thapsigargin-sensitive internal stores, which partially declined to a plateau providing the existence of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid. The biphasic [Ca2+]i response to UTP was attenuated respectively by P2Y4 blockers, like reactive blue-2 and suramin, and by the P2Y11 antagonist, NF340. UTP and the P2Y2 receptor agonist MRS2768 increased, whereas the selective P2Y11 agonist NF546 decreased, CF growth; MRS4062 was ineffective. Blockage of the P2Y11receptor or its coupling to adenylate cyclase boosted UTP-induced CF proliferation. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y11 receptors. Data indicate that besides P2Y4 and P2Y2 receptors which are responsible for UTP-induced [Ca2+]i transients and growth of CF, respectively, synchronous activation of the previously unrecognized P2Y11 receptor may represent an important target for anti-fibrotic intervention in cardiac remodeling

Pulegone and Eugenol Oral Supplementation in Laboratory Animals: Results from Acute and Chronic Studies

Essential oils are natural compounds used by humans for scientific purposes due to their wide range of properties. Eugenol is mostly present in clove oil, while pulegone is the main constituent of pennyroyal oil. To guarantee the safe use of eugenol and pulegone for both humans and animals, this study addressed, for the first time, the effects of these compounds, at low doses (chronic toxicity) and high doses (acute toxicity), in laboratory animals. Thirty-five FVB/n female mice were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 5): group I (control, non-additive diet); group II (2.6 mg of eugenol + 2.6 mg of pulegone); group III (5.2 mg of eugenol + 5.2 mg of pulegone); group IV (7.8 mg of eugenol + 7.8 mg of pulegone); group V (7.8 mg of eugenol); group VI (7.8 mg of pulegone); and group VII (1000 mg of eugenol + 1000 mg of pulegone). The compounds were administered in the food. Groups I to VI were integrated into the chronic toxicity study, lasting 28 days, and group VII was used in the acute toxicity study, lasting 7 days. Animals were monitored to assess their general welfare. Water and food intake, as well as body weight, were recorded. On the 29th day, all animals were euthanized by an overdose of ketamine and xylazine, and a complete necropsy was performed. Blood samples were collected directly from the heart for microhematocrit and serum analysis, as well as for comet assay. Organs were collected, weighed, and fixed in formaldehyde for further histological analysis and enzymatic assay. Eugenol and pulegone induced behavioral changes in the animals, namely in the posture, hair appearance and grooming, and in mental status. These compounds also caused a decrease in the animals' body weight, as well as in the food and water consumption. A mortality rate of 20% was registered in the acute toxicity group. Both compounds modulated the serum levels of triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase. Eugenol and pulegone induced genetic damage in all animals. Eugenol increased the activity of the CAT enzyme. Both compounds increased the GR enzyme at the highest dose. Moreover, pulegone administered as a single compound increased the activity of the GST enzyme. Histopathological analysis revealed inflammatory infiltrates in the lungs of groups II, III, and IV. The results suggest that eugenol and pulegone may exert beneficial or harmful effects, depending on the dose, and if applied alone or in combination

ABORDAGENS CIRÚRGICAS NA GESTÃO DA GRAVIDEZ ECTÓPICA: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE SALPINGECTOMIA, SALPINGOSTOMIA E MÉTODOS CONSERVADORES

Ectopic pregnancy is a condition in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. Therefore, treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's preferences, but generally involves the administration of medications such as methotrexate to stop the development of the embryo in the early stages, or surgery to remove the ectopic embryo, often involving partial or total removal. of the affected tube. Objective: To compare the surgical approaches of salpingectomy and salpingostomy with conservative methods in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: The Cochrane, Scielo and Pubmed databases were used, searching for articles published between 2015 and 2023, in Portuguese or English. Final Considerations: Salpingectomy, although effective and definitive, reduces future fertility. Salpingostomy, which preserves the tube, offers a better chance for fertility but comes with risks of additional complications. Conservative methods, such as the use of methotrexate, are less invasive and maintain tubal function, but require close monitoring. The choice of treatment must be individualized, taking into account the patient's health status and her desire to preserve fertility, to achieve the best possible clinical and reproductive results.A gravidez ectópica é uma condição na qual o óvulo fertilizado se implanta fora do útero, mais comumente nas trompas de falópio. Portanto, o tratamento depende da gravidade da condição e das preferências da paciente, mas geralmente envolve a administração de medicamentos como metotrexato para interromper o desenvolvimento do embrião nas primeiras fases, ou cirurgia para remover o embrião ectópico, muitas vezes envolvendo a remoção parcial ou total da trompa afetada. Objetivo: Comparar as abordagens cirúrgicas da salpingectomia e salpingostomia com os métodos conservadores no tratamento da gravidez ectópica. Metodologia:&nbsp; Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Cochrane, Scielo e Pubmed, buscando artigos publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2023, nos idiomas Português ou Inglês. Considerações Finais: A salpingectomia, embora eficaz e definitiva, reduz a fertilidade futura. A salpingostomia, que preserva a trompa, oferece uma chance melhor para a fertilidade, mas vem com riscos de complicações adicionais. Os métodos conservadores, como o uso de metotrexato, são menos invasivos e mantêm a função tubária, mas exigem um monitoramento rigoroso. A escolha do tratamento deve ser individualizada, levando em consideração o estado de saúde da paciente e seu desejo de preservar a fertilidade, para alcançar os melhores resultados clínicos e reprodutivos possíveis

Dementia in Latin America : paving the way towards a regional action plan

Regional challenges faced by Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) to fight dementia, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instabilities, and socioeconomic disparities, can be addressed more effectively grounded in a collaborative setting based on the open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into actions with transformative power. Then, by characterizing genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions and mapping these to the above challenges, we provide the basic mosaics of knowledge that will pave the way towards a KtAF. We describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries