Collaboration between HPMC and NaCMC in order to Reach the Polymer Critical Point in Theophylline Hydrophilic Matrices

Percolation theory has been applied in order to study the existence of critical points as well as the possibility to find a “combined percolation threshold” for ternary hydrophilic matrices prepared with HPMC, NaCMC, and theophylline. For this purpose, different batches of ternary as well as binary hydrophilic matrices have been prepared. Critical points have been found for binary hydrophilic matrices between 21.5 and 31.3% (v/v) of HPMC and between 39 and 54% (v/v) of NaCMC, respectively. In a previous work carried out with the same polymers but a much more soluble drug (KCl), it was demonstrated the existence of a partial collaboration between the polymers in order to establish the gel layer. In this work, it has been observed for the first time the need of a minimum concentration of one of the matrix-forming polymer (between 10 and 20% v/v, approximately) for establishing an effective collaboration

Condiciones para el desarrollo de Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae para el control biológico de chapulín frijolero

El chapulín frijolero (Brachystola magna Girard), es un problema en la zona temporalera del estado de Chihuahua, ya que afecta más del 60 % de la superficie sembrada anualmente. Para su control se emplean insecticidas organofosforados y cebos envenenados (CESAVECH, 2001); sin embargo, su uso excesivo ha provocado resistencia de la plaga, acumulación de residuos en el medio ambiente y daños a la flora y fauna silvestre benéfica. Como una alternativa de control biológico se considera el uso de organismos benéficos, que pueden ser incorporados al manejo integrado de plagas, sin efectos nocivos para el medio ambiente y la salud del hombre y los animales (Jiménez 1998). En este trabajo se estudiaron las condiciones óptimas (medio de cultivo, luz y temperatura) para el desarrollo de los aislamientos nativos de hongos entomopatógenos Beauveria bassiana (Bb001) y Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma002), con el fin de utilizarlas en la regulación de la población del chapulín frijolero. Los aislamientos se evaluaron en siete medios de cultivo y siete temperaturas. La mayor esporulación se observó en el medio SDAY. El aislamiento Bb001 mostró el mayor crecimiento en AHM. El crecimiento y esporulación fueron mayores bajo oscuridad continua y a una temperatura de 25 °C. Por otro lado, Ma002 mostró mayor crecimiento en SDA, mayor crecimiento en oscuridad continua, mayor esporulación con luz continua y la temperatura óptima fue de 30 °C. Los resultados mostraron que pueden controlarse adecuadamente las variables ambientales en el laoboratorio, para la reproducción de los hongos B. bassiana (Bb001) y M. anisopliae (Ma002), aislamientos prometedores como una alternativa de control biológico. Abstract The bean grasshopper (Brachystola magna Girard) is a problem in the temporal zone of Chihuahua, because affects above 60 % of the annually sown surface. Organophosphate insecticides and poisoned baits are used to control this insect (CESAVECH, 2001); however, their excessive use has led to pesticide resistance, residues accumulation in the environment affecting beneficial wild flora and fauna. The use of benefical organisms is an alternative of biological control to be incorporated in any integrated pest management. It does not have effects to the environment, nor produce damage on health of men and animals (Jiménez, 1998). In this research, the environmental conditions were studied (culture medium, light and temperature effect), which are suitable for the development of native isolates of entomopathogenic fungus Bauveria bassiana (Bb001) y Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma002). The environmental control is important to regulate growth of bean grasshopper population in temporal region of Chihuahua state. The isolates were evaluated in seven culture mediums and seven temperatures. The greatest isolates sporulation was observed in SDAY. The isolate Bb001 had the best growth in AHM. Isolates growth and sporulation were better under continuos darkness and at 25 °C temperature. On the other hand, Ma002 showed the best growth in SDA, and under continuos darkness; however, the highest sporulation was observed under continuos light and at 30 °C temperature. The results demostrated that lab environmental variables can be controled for growth and development of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, which are promising isolates as an alternative of biological control. Keywords: Entomopathogenic fungus, biological control, beneficial organisms, culture mediums, Brachystola magna, bio insecticides

Como afronta el adulto mayor las situaciones conflictivas

Introduction:Thesubject'sabilitiestomodifyorrestructureaconflictarecalledcopingcapacityandseektoreducethestressthatthiscauses.Thesestrategiesdependonthepersonalityandthecontextinwhichtheyarepresented.Theobjective of the workistoexplorewhatstrategiestheelderlyusemostintheCityofTorreón, Coahuila,Mexico. MaterialandMethod;Cross-sectionalstudyin316randomlyselectedolderadultsfromthepopulation.thecopinginventoryofCanoetal. was applied.DatawereprocessedinSPSSV21toobtainfrequenciesandassociationwithsociodemographicvariablesusingANOVA Results:Themostusedstylesweredesiderativethinkingandfocusedonproblemsolving.Ofthestylesfocusedonemotion, themostusedweresocialsupport,andemotionalexpression.Theleastusedweretheinappropriateonesfocusedonemotion(socialwithdrawalandself-criticism).Themanagementofstrategiesfocusedonsolvingtheproblemwasmorefrequentinsubjectsbetween60 and 75yearsold and withahigherculturalandeducationallevel.Womenandpeoplewithmorereligiousactivitiesusesocialsupportstrategiesmorefrequently.Thoseover75havehigherscoresinthesocialwithdrawalstrategy. Conclusions: The most frequently used strategies were those focused on solving the problem, however, the percentage that uses inadequate strategies, mainly focused on the problem, remains high. The elderly can use several strategies simultaneously and in a variable way depending on many variables, which makes it difficult to study.Introducción: Las habilidades del sujeto para modificar o reestructurar un conflicto le llamamos capacidad de afrontamiento y buscan disminuir el estrés que esto le causa. Estas estrategias dependen de la personalidad y del contexto en que se presentan. El objetivo del trabajo es explorar que estrategias utiliza más el adulto mayor en la Ciudad de Torreón, Coahuila, México. Material y Método; Estudio transversal en 316 adultos mayores seleccionados aleatoriamente de la población. se aplicó el inventario de afrontamiento de Cano y cols. Se procesaron los datos en SPSS V21 para obtener frecuencias y asociación con variables sociodemográficas mediante ANOVA Resultados: Los estilos más utilizados fueron el pensamiento desiderativo y el enfocado a la resolución del problema. De los estilos centrados en la emoción los más utilizados fueron el apoyo social, y la expresión emocional. Los menos utilizados fueron los inadecuados centrados en la emoción (retirada social y autocrítica). El manejo de estrategias centradas en resolución del problema fue más frecuente en sujetos entre 60 a 75 años y con nivel cultural y educativo más alto. Las mujeres y las personas con más actividades religiosas utilizan más frecuentemente estrategias de apoyo social. Los mayores de 75 años tienen puntuaciones superiores en la estrategia de retirada social  Conclusiones: Las estrategias utilizadas con mayor frecuencia fueron las enfocadas a la resolución del problema, no obstante, el porcentaje que utiliza estrategias inadecuadas, principalmente enfocadas al problema sigue siendo elevado. El adulto mayor puede utilizar diversas estrategias simultáneamente y en forma variable dependiendo de una gran cantidad de variables, lo que vuelve difícil su estudio.&nbsp

Enfermedad de Bowen de localización inusual

La enfermedad de Bowen es un carcinoma de células escamosas intraepidérmico con potencialinvasor que se ve con mayor frecuencia en mayores de 60 años. Se presenta usualmente como unaplaca eritematosa de crecimiento lento en zonas fotoexpuestas.Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 65 años con carcinoma escamoso in situ variedad pagetoidelocalizado en la mama izquierda en el cual fue determinante la inmunohistoquímica para realizar eldiagnóstico final

SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a rapid neutralizing antibody response that correlates with disease severity

The protective effect of neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals is not yet well defined. To address this issue, we have analyzed the kinetics of neutralizing antibody responses and their association with disease severity. Between March and May 2020, the prospective KING study enrolled 72 COVID-19+ participants grouped according to disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed by serological and virological tests. Plasma neutralizing responses were assessed against replicative virus and pseudoviral particles. Multiple regression and non-parametric tests were used to analyze dependence of parameters. The magnitude of neutralizing titers significantly increased with disease severity. Hospitalized individuals developed higher titers compared to mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, which together showed titers below the detection limit in 50% of cases. Longitudinal analysis confirmed the strong differences in neutralizing titers between non-hospitalized and hospitalized participants and showed rapid kinetics of appearance of neutralizing antibodies (50% and 80% of maximal activity reached after 11 and 17 days after symptoms onset, respectively) in hospitalized patients. No significant impact of age, gender or treatment on the neutralizing titers was observed in this limited cohort. These data identify a clear association of humoral immunity with disease severity and point to immune mechanisms other than antibodies as relevant players in COVID-19 protection.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a rapid neutralizing antibody response that correlates with disease severity

The protective effect of neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals is not yet well defined. To address this issue, we have analyzed the kinetics of neutralizing antibody responses and their association with disease severity. Between March and May 2020, the prospective KING study enrolled 72 COVID-19+ participants grouped according to disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed by serological and virological tests. Plasma neutralizing responses were assessed against replicative virus and pseudoviral particles. Multiple regression and non-parametric tests were used to analyze dependence of parameters. The magnitude of neutralizing titers significantly increased with disease severity. Hospitalized individuals developed higher titers compared to mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, which together showed titers below the detection limit in 50% of cases. Longitudinal analysis confirmed the strong differences in neutralizing titers between non-hospitalized and hospitalized participants and showed rapid kinetics of appearance of neutralizing antibodies (50% and 80% of maximal activity reached after 11 and 17 days after symptoms onset, respectively) in hospitalized patients. No significant impact of age, gender or treatment on the neutralizing titers was observed in this limited cohort. These data identify a clear association of humoral immunity with disease severity and point to immune mechanisms other than antibodies as relevant players in COVID-19 protection

Combination of Tocilizumab and Steroids to Improve Mortality in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection : A Spanish, Multicenter, Cohort Study

We aimed to determine the impact of tocilizumab use on severe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) pneumonia mortality. We performed a multicentre retrospective cohort study in 18 tertiary hospitals in Spain from March to April 2020. Consecutive patients admitted with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab were compared to patients not treated with tocilizumab, adjusting by inverse probability of the treatment weights (IPTW). Tocilizumab's effect in patients receiving steroids during the 48 h following inclusion was analysed. During the study period, 506 patients with severe COVID-19 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them, 268 were treated with tocilizumab and 238 patients were not. Median time to tocilizumab treatment from onset of symptoms was 11 days [interquartile range (IQR) 8-14]. Global mortality was 23.7%. Mortality was lower in patients treated with tocilizumab than in controls: 16.8% versus 31.5%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.514 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.355-0.744], p < 0.001; weighted HR 0.741 (95% CI 0.619-0.887), p = 0.001. Tocilizumab treatment reduced mortality by 14.7% relative to no tocilizumab treatment [relative risk reduction (RRR) 46.7%]. We calculated a number necessary to treat of 7. Among patients treated with steroids, mortality was lower in those treated with tocilizumab than in those treated with steroids alone [10.9% versus 40.2%, HR 0.511 (95% CI 0.352-0.741), p = 0.036; weighted HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.449-0.804), p < 0.001] (interaction p = 0.094). These results show that survival of patients with severe COVID-19 is higher in those treated with tocilizumab than in those not treated and that tocilizumab's effect adds to that of steroids administered to non-intubated patients with COVID-19 during the first 48 h of presenting with respiratory failure despite oxygen therapy. Randomised controlled studies are needed to confirm these results. European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorization Studies (EU PAS Register) identifier, EUPAS34415 The online version of this article (10.1007/s40121-020-00373-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

POR UNA CULTURA DE PAZ: UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

En
 virtud
 de
 lo
 anterior,
 los
 estudiosos
 de
 las
 ciencias
 de
 la
 conducta
 
de
 la
 Universidad
Autónoma 
del
 Estado 
de 
México,

ante 
la
persistencia
 y 
proliferación
 de
 estos 
hechos
 en
 diversas
 partes
 del
Mundo
 y
 de
 nuestro 
país 
en 
particular, se
 convocó
 a
 los
 estudiosos
 interesados
 y
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 general
 a
 presentar
 trabajos
 para
 analizar,
 debatir
 y
 proponer
 estrategias
 de
 acción
 y
 dirección,
 que
 fortalezcan
 una
 convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz. El
 presente
 texto
 es
 producto
 de 
esta convocatoria 
que
 recoge 
los
trabajos 
de 

los
 interesados 
en 
la
 temática,

 de
 diferentes 
países
(España,
Argentina,
Cuba,
Brasil,
Costa
 Rica
 y
 México)
 retomando
 con
 ello
 sus
 experiencias
 relativas
 al
 estudio,
 análisis,
 comprensión
 e
 instrumentación
 de
 la
 cultura
 de
 paz
 en
 los
 distintos
 ámbitos
 institucionales
 en
 los
 que
 participan:
 educativo,
 salud,
 penitenciario,
 social,
laboral,
familia,
alimentario,
psicológico,
por 
mencionar 
algunos.
 El
 presente
 libro,
 propicia
 un
 espacio
 de
 reflexión,
 diálogo
 y
 posicionamiento
 de
 las 
ciencias 
de 
la 
conducta
 para 
la 
apropiación,
análisis,
debate
 y 
propuestas 
que
 fortalezcan 
una
 cultura
 de 
paz
 a
través
 de 
la
 convivencia 
y
 el 
bienestar
 social 
con
 sentido 
humanista.
El
 sistema 
económico
 neoliberal
 y 
el 
proceso
 de 
globalización 
han
 contribuido
al
 logro
 de
 avances
 significativos
 en
 la
 ciencia
 y
 la
 tecnología,
 pero
 también
 han
 propiciado
 la
 polarización
 de
 las
 sociedades
 lo
 que
 ha
 impactado
 de
 manera
 negativa
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 su
 conjunto,
 pero
 en
 mayor
 medida
 a
 los grupos
 vulnerables. Dicha
 polarización
 ha
 traído
 consigo
 un
 desarrollo
 desigual
 del
 mundo
 que
 se
 expresa
 de
 diferentes
 maneras
 tanto
 en
 países
 desarrollados
 como
 en
 los
 llamados
 del
 tercer
 mundo,
 en
 donde
 no
 están
 satisfechas
 las
 necesidades
 humanas 
elementales
 de
 todos 
los
sectores 
de 
la 
población,
siempre 
falta 
algo. 
Si 
a
 esto 
le
 sumamos 
los
conflictos
 internacionales por
 diferentes
 motivos
 que
 enfrentan
 algunas
 naciones,
 una
 insuficiente
 cobertura
 educativa
 y
 de
 salud,

 desempleo
 y
 pobreza 
extrema,
 entre 
otras
 cosas; 
estamos
 frente
 a
retos 
de
 gran
 envergadura
 para
 los
 gobiernos,
 para
 los
 estudiosos
 y
 para
 la
 sociedad
 civil
 en
 general. Uno 
de 
los
 intentos
 para
 frenar 
y prevenir 
la
 agudización
 de 
estas 
problemáticas
 es
 la
 cultura 
de 
paz,
cuyo
 estudio
y propuestas 
han 
ido 
avanzando 
en 
diferentes
 sentidos 
y 
de 
manera 
favorable,
el 
tema 
está 
presente 
en 
diferentes 
Organismos
 Internacionales
 como
 la
 ONU,
 la
 UNESCO,
 la
 OCDE,
 El
 Banco
 Mundial,
 entre
 otros.
 Pero
 falta 
mucho 
por 
hacer.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Ética Profesional y Responsabilidad Social Universitaria

este libro compila reflexiones y experiencias en responsabilidad social y ética profesional desde instituciones de Educación Superior. La responsabilidad social universitaria, como ámbito de investigación y de desarrollo conceptual y metodológico es transversal a las universidades, tanto desde el punto de vista organizacional, como desde el misional e investigativo. Quienes impulsen la responsabilidad social, requieren de ética profesional, que debe ser la clave para la construcción de principios que guíen a empresarios, políticos, gestores sociales, investigadores, entre otros, para lograr consensuar el a veces difícil equilibrio entre el bien común y el desarrollo personal

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio