Preference for accent and background colors in interior architecture in terms of similarity/contrast of natural color system attributes

[EN] Color combination criteria are said to entail an affective response in interior design. We investigated the color combination criteria that orient the preference of current observers, after Le Corbusier's 1931 Salubra keyboards. We explored the similarity/contrast in Natural Color System (NCS) hue, blackness, and chromaticness in 312 combinations with four colors, two backgrounds and two accent colors, coming from 43 individual colors, on the walls of a simulated interior of a bedroom from the Swiss Pavilion (Le Corbusier, 1930-1931). Participants were 644 students of architecture and interior design in Western Europe and Near East, who evaluated with a Likert scale their preference for virtual images via an online survey. Results indicate that the most preferred color combinations are those with hues closer in the color wheel, being the similarity between hues in the backgrounds more important than in the accent colors, and with NCS B30G to G as the most preferred hues. Observers preferred color compositions with blackness under 10% and similar blackness between the two background colors, together with a certain blackness contrast between these background colors and the two color accents. Similarly, observers liked color compositions with low chromaticness and low chromaticness difference among the four colors of the composition.Serra, J.; Gouiach, Y.; Manav, B. (2022). Preference for accent and background colors in interior architecture in terms of similarity/contrast of natural color system attributes. Color Research & Application. 47(1):135-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.2269813515147

REINTERPRETATION OF ISTANBUL’S IMAGE THROUGH LIGHT MAPPING

In the present study, historical and contemporary masterpieces in Istanbul will be discussed and analyzed considering “lighting scheme” as a design tool in the “lighting master plan”. The present image of the city will be analyzed together with the light mapping tool. It was intended to introduce a “conceptual lighting master plan” where a lighting vocabulary is introduced for both educational purpose and as a metaphor in line with the enormous historical background of Istanbul. The scheme can be an overview or road map of how lighting might be used to meet the various program requirements while it also enhances and entegrates with the architecture.Through the effective use of the lighting scheme, the unity and diversity in the history of the old city can be highlighted

The impact of illuminance and color temperature on performance at offices

Ofislerde konfor koşulları sağlandığında üretim ve performansın arttığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada aydınlık düzeyi ve renk sıcaklığının performansa olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Fiziksel konfor koşullarının sağlandığı bir deney düzeneğinde, psikolojik konfor koşullarını araştırmak için dört farklı aydınlık düzeyi (500-750-1000-2000 lx) ve üç farklı renk sıcaklığı (4000ºK-2700ºK- Karma Renk Sıcaklığı) ile sekiz farklı aydınlatma senaryosu oluşturulmuştur. Her bir aydınlatma senaryosunda, aydınlık düzeyinin ve renk sıcaklığının ölçülen tek parametre olduğu koşulda performans ölçümleri ve mekân algılama değerlendirilmiştir. Anket çalışması yapılmış, sonuçlar Mann Whitney İşaret Testi ve χ2 Testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları aydınlık düzeyinin tek değişken olduğu koşulun performansa etkisinin olmadığını, ancak mekân algılamayı etkilediğini göstermektedir. Renk sıcaklıklarındaki değişim mekân algılamada ve performans ölçümlerinde fark yaratmıştır.  Anahtar Kelimeler: Aydınlık düzeyi, renk sıcaklığı, parıltı, öznel parıltı, algılama.At offices, productivity and performance increase as long as comfort conditions are satisfied. This statement is the main goal for the present study. Visual comfort conditions are achieved in a full scale room by means of avoiding reflected glare on the working surface and within the room. Psychological comfort conditions are investigated at the same setting by a lighting control system. The lighting system is flexible for four different illumination levels (500-750-1000-2000lx) and three different color temperatures (4000°K-2700°K- Mixed Color Temperature) and it is operated by a remote control unit. A total of eight lighting scenarios were programmed for the experimental setting. The change in performance and space perception is evaluated by a questionnaire and data is analyzed statistically by Mann Whitney U Test and ?2 Test. Illuminance and color temperature are the dependent variables for the study and their effects are evaluated independently. Test results indicate that the change in the illuminance level does not affect performance as long as it is the only variable at an office setting; however it is influential on space evaluation and psychological comfort. The change in color temperature has affected both the performance and the space evaluation. The most preferred lighting scenarios are the mixed color temperature mood (the combination of 4000°K and 2700°K) with 2000lx illumination level and 4000°K color temperature with 750lx. Also, these two lighting scenarios are indicated as suitable and they are offered for an office setting. Keywords: Illuminance, color temperature, luminance, perceived brightness, perception

Preferencias de arquitectos y diseñadores jóvenes respecto de las combinaciones de colores de Le Corbusier para espacios interiores

Le Corbusier ha tenido una influencia fundamental en la arquitectura contemporánea y sus Pianos de Colores Salubra 1932 siguen despertando el interés de los entusiastas de la modernidad, así como de numerosas empresas de suministros para la construcción. No obstante, se desconoce la vigencia de tales combinaciones de colores en opinión de las generaciones actuales. Para ello, evaluamos con una muestra de 644 arquitectos y diseñadores jóvenes (20,5 años de media) de Europa Occidental y el Cercano Oriente, sus preferencias respecto a las 312 combinaciones de cuatro colores contenidas en los Pianos Salubra, aplicadas en una imagen digital del interior de un dormitorio del Pabellón Suizo (1930- 31). Se analizan las preferencias de los colores individualmente y en grupos, considerando que dos corresponden a “fondos” y dos a “acentos”. Esta comunicación resume los resultados de sendos estudios ya publicados en Color Research and Application y Frontiers of Architectural Research

Extrapolating continuous color emotions through deep learning

By means of an experimental dataset, we use deep learning to implement an RGB (red, green, and blue) extrapolation of emotions associated to color, and do a mathematical study of the results obtained through this neural network. In particular, we see that males (type-m individuals) typically associate a given emotion with darker colors, while females (type-f individuals) associate it with brighter colors. A similar trend was observed with older people and associations to lighter colors. Moreover, through our classification matrix, we identify which colors have weak associations to emotions and which colors are typically confused with other colors

The sun is no fun without rain : Physical environments affect how we feel about yellow across 55 countries

Across cultures, people associate colours with emotions. Here, we test the hypothesis that one driver of this cross-modal correspondence is the physical environment we live in. We focus on a prime example – the association of yellow with joy, – which conceivably arises because yellow is reminiscent of life-sustaining sunshine and pleasant weather. If so, this association should be especially strong in countries where sunny weather is a rare occurrence. We analysed yellow-joy associations of 6625 participants from 55 countries to investigate how yellow-joy associations varied geographically, climatologically, and seasonally. We assessed the distance to the equator, sunshine, precipitation, and daytime hours. Consistent with our hypotheses, participants who live further away from the equator and in rainier countries are more likely to associate yellow with joy. We did not find associations with seasonal variations. Our findings support a role for the physical environment in shaping the affective meaning of colour.Peer reviewe

Randomized comparison of oesophageal protection with a temperature control device: results of the IMPACT study.

AIMS : Thermal injury to the oesophagus is an important cause of life-threatening complication after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Thermal protection of the oesophageal lumen by infusing cold liquid reduces thermal injury to a limited extent. We tested the ability of a more powerful method of oesophageal temperature control to reduce the incidence of thermal injury. METHODS AND RESULTS : A single-centre, prospective, double-blinded randomized trial was used to investigate the ability of the ensoETM device to protect the oesophagus from thermal injury. This device was compared in a 1:1 randomization with a control group of standard practice utilizing a single-point temperature probe. In the protected group, the device maintained the luminal temperature at 4°C during radiofrequency (RF) ablation for AF under general anaesthesia. Endoscopic examination was performed at 7 days post-ablation and oesophageal injury was scored. The patient and the endoscopist were blinded to the randomization. We recruited 188 patients, of whom 120 underwent endoscopy. Thermal injury to the mucosa was significantly more common in the control group than in those receiving oesophageal protection (12/60 vs. 2/60; P = 0.008), with a trend toward reduction in gastroparesis (6/60 vs. 2/60, P = 0.27). There was no difference between groups in the duration of RF or in the force applied (P value range= 0.2-0.9). Procedure duration and fluoroscopy duration were similar (P = 0.97, P = 0.91, respectively). CONCLUSION : Thermal protection of the oesophagus significantly reduces ablation-related thermal injury compared with standard care. This method of oesophageal protection is safe and does not compromise the efficacy or efficiency of the ablation procedure

Effects of illuminance level, color temperature and luminance on visual comfort conditions at office settings: A model study

Tez (Doktora)--İTÜ Fen Bil. Enst.,2005Thesis (Ph.D.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2005Ofis ortamlarında görsel konfor koşulları sağlandığında, üretim ve performansın arttığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada görsel konfor koşulları sağlanmış bir deney düzeneğinde, farklı aydınlatma senaryolarının performansa olan etkisinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Sekiz farklı aydınlatma senaryosuna sahip bir deney düzeneğinde fiziksel konfor parametrelerinin uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Çalışma düzlemi üzerinde ve oda içerisinde kamaşma engellenmiş ve fiziksel konfor koşulları sağlanmıştır. Aydınlık düzeyi, renk sıcaklığı ve parıltı farkı değişken olarak alınmış ve psikolojik konfora olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deney düzeneğinde aydınlatma otomasyon sistemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın kurgusu için üç farklı aydınlık düzeyi (500-750-1000 lx) ve iki farklı renk sıcaklığı (4000°K ve 2700°K) seçeneği kullanılmıştır. Bu koşula ek olarak, iki farklı renk sıcaklığının bir arada olması durumu (4000 °K ve 2700 °K renk sıcaklığının birlikte kullanılması), iki farklı aydınlık düzeyi (2000 lx ve 500 lx) ile birlikte ölçülmüştür. Oluşturulan deney setinde, ofisler için aydınlık düzeyi ve renk sıcaklığının performansa olan etkisi, renk sıcaklığının psikolojik konfora olan etkisi ve parıltı farkının psikolojik konfora olan etkisi sırasıyla, herbir parametrenin tek tek sabitlenebildiği koşul için araştırılmıştır. Denek grubu, rasgele seçilmiş 56 ofis çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak parametrik olmayan istatistiksel testler; Mann Whitney U Testi, Wilcoxon İşaret Testi ve Kikare Testi kullanılmıştır. Test sonuçları, nesne ve çevre alan arasındaki parıltı farklarının aydınlık düzeylerine oranla çok daha önemli bir kriter olduğunu göstermektedir. Aydınlık düzeylerindeki değişim süresince, nesne ve çevre alan arasındaki parıltı farkları kamaşmaya neden olmadığı sürece, mekan 'rahat' olarak tanımlanmıştır. 4000 °K renk sıcaklığı, 2700 °K renk sıcaklığına göre, 'ferahlık' hissini kuvvetlendirdiği ve daha 'rahat' hissedildiği için tercih edilmiştir. 4000 °K renk sıcaklığında, üç farklı aydınlık düzeyinde (500-750-10001x), nesne- çevre alan arasındaki kontrast farkı daha iyi algılanmıştır. Parıltı değerlerinin 2700 °K renk sıcaklığında arttığı ve sıcak renklerin daha doymuş olarak algılandığı görülmüştür. 5001x ve 20001x aydınlık düzeylerinde konfor koşullan araştırıldığında, 20001x aydınlık düzeyi, parıltı farklarındaki ani artışa bağlı olarak tercih edilmiştir, mekan daha ferah ve konforlu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Uygulanan test sonuçları, yaş etkeninin performans ölçümlerinde önemli bir kriter olduğunu, cinsiyet farkı ve göz bozukluğunun performansla ilişkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir.In an office setting productivity and performance increase when visual comfort conditions are satisfied. This statement is the main goal for the experimental study. In a test office, physical comfort conditions are satisfied and the role of different lighting scenarios on performance is investigated. A full scale room that has eight different lighting scenarios was prepared. Measurements were taken and luminance ratios were calculated. Physically visual comfort conditions were achieved by means of avoiding glare on the working surface and within the room. The dependent variables in the study are illumination level, color temperature and luminance difference. The lighting control system of the model is automatic and is flexible for 3 different illumination levels (500-750-1000 lx) and 2 different color temperatures (4000°K and 2700°K). Also the combination of two color temperatures (4000°K and 2700°K together) with two different illumination levels (20001x and 5001x) were tested in the study. The effects of illuminance level and color temperature on performance, the effect of color temperature on psychological comfort, the role of luminance difference on psychological comfort conditions for office settings were calculated individually. 56 randomly selected office workers participated in the experimental study. Data was analyzed by non parametric statistical tests; Mann Whitney U Test, Wilcoxon Signed Test and Chi-square Test. Results indicate that, visual comfort conditions depend on the luminance ratio differences between task-background in addition to the illuminance levels. When illuminance is increased or decreased, as long as luminance ratio limits are in acceptable limits, glare is avoided and the space is perceived as 'comfortable'. 4000°K color temperature was preferred to 2700°K by means of increasing spaciousness and being more comfortable. Also, under 4000°K color temperature, for 500-750-10001x illumination levels, task- background contrast was perceived better. Luminance values have increased for task and background under 2700°K color temperature, warm colors were perceived as more saturated. When comfort conditions were investigated for 5001x and 20001x illumination levels, 20001x was preferred due to the result of an increasement in luminance values and the space was perceived as more spacious and comfortable. Test results indicate that age is an important criteria for performance, however the effects of gender and eye defects can be negligable.DoktoraPh.D

A proposal on residential lighting design considering visual requirements, circadian factors and energy performance of lighting

This study assesses residential areas which have been converted into workplaces and are still used after the Covid-19 in terms of visual, non-visual, and energy performance requirements of lighting. We proposed a lighting design using LED systems with dimmable and tuneable features. Circadian factors in WELL Building Standard are analyzed for compatibility with the current visual requirements. The impact of various design parameters on lighting energy consumption, including daylight availability, lighting schedules, lighting control strategies, and light reflectance value of walls is evaluated through a case study in Turkey. Although the annual lighting energy consumption is higher than it was before the pandemic, building energy simulation results show that the application of LED systems with lighting energy measures can improve lighting energy performance by up to 38%. From the non-visual dimension of light, our data indicate that higher melanopic illuminance and/or colour temperature of light sources are necessary to entrain and sustain the circadian rhythm under overcast sky conditions in winter months. On the other hand, an increase in luminous intensity can lead to glare and higher energy consumption while a higher colour temperature may affect the physiology and psychology of occupants negatively

Assessing architectural color preference after Le Corbusier's 1931 Salubra keyboards: A cross cultural analysis

[EN] Color preference for the interior of a bedroom of Le Corbusier's Swiss Pavilion was studied using 1931 Salubra color keyboards in a cross-cultural analysis. Results indicate that students from architecture and interior design slightly dislike or are indifferent to Le Corbusier color combinations and prefer pale and low saturated colors for interior architecture. The least preferred colors belong to green and brown hues. Scarce significant gender differences are found that follow a stereotyped tendency, with females preferring pinks, light blues and light greens, while males vivid oranges and Vermilions. Near Easterners are significantly more likely to green colors, while Western Europeans to dark greys. These data indicate that not only hue, but also value and saturation are important color features to inform preference for interior architecture.Serra, J.; Manav, B.; Gouiach, Y. (2021). Assessing architectural color preference after Le Corbusier's 1931 Salubra keyboards: A cross cultural analysis. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 10(3):502-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.03.002S50251510