Exercício físico na pessoa com demência: Revisão Sistemática de Literatura

Background: Dementia is characterized by a set of disorders that involving a progressive loss of cognitive functions as well as affecting the skill necessary for the normal development of activities of daily living. Objective: Identify the benefits of physical exercise at the cognitive, sensory and motor level in the person with dementia. Method: Systematic Review of literature, started with the question: "What are the benefits of physical exercise in people with dementia?". The research was carried out using the electronic database platforms: EBSCOHost and BVS, having been identified, selected, evaluated in a methodological quality and included articles that take into account the PRISMA recommendations. Results: There were included seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria, that is, primary experimental studies, addressing the practice of physical exercise in people with dementia and Alzheimer Disease, published in the last 5 years (2014-2018), in Portuguese, English and Spanish, were included, with full text of free access. Conclusions: This Systematic Review reveals evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognition and motor ability in people with dementia.Introducción: La demencia es caracterizada por un conjunto de trastornos que engloban una pérdida progresiva de las funciones cognitivas y afecta la destreza que es necesaria para el desarrollo normal de las actividades de vida diaria. Objectivo: Identificar los beneficios de ejercicio físico a nivel cognitivo, sensorial y motor en la persona con demencia. Método: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura con la cuestión de la investigación "¿Cuáles son los beneficios del ejercicio físico en las personas con demencia?". La investigación fue realizada con recurso a plataformas de bases de datos electrónicas EBSCOHost y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, habiendo sido identificados, seleccionados, evaluados en la calidad metodológica e incluidos artículos de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del PRISMA. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, es decir, estudios primarios experimentales que aborden el ejercicio físico en personas con demencia, publicado en los últimos cinco años (2014-2018), en portugués, Inglés y Español, con texto integral de libre acceso. Conclusiones: Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura revela evidencia de los efectos del ejercicio sobre cognición, agitación, depresión y capacidad motora en personas con demencia.Introdução: A demência é caraterizada por um conjunto de transtornos que englobam uma perda progressiva das funções cognitivas e afeta a destreza que é necessária ao desenvolvimento normal das atividades de vida diária. Objetivo: Identificar os benefícios do exercício físico a nível cognitivo, sensorial e motor na pessoa com demência. Método: revisão sistemática da literatura com a questão de pesquisa “Quais os benefícios do exercício físico em pessoas com demência?”. A pesquisa foi realizada com recurso a plataformas de bases de dados eletrónicas EBSCOHost e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, tendo sido identificados, selecionados, avaliados na qualidade metodológica e incluídos artigos de acordo com as recomendações do PRISMA. Resultados: Foram incluídos 7 estudos que cumpriam os critérios de inclusão, ou seja, estudos primários experimentais, que abordam a prática de exercício físico em pessoas com demência, publicados nos últimos 5 anos (2014-2018), em português, inglês e espanhol, com texto integral de livre acesso. Conclusões: Esta revisão sistemática de literatura revela evidência dos efeitos benéficos do exercício sobre cognição, agitação, depressão e capacidade motora em pessoas com demência

Using methodologies to agent-oriented software engineering: a case study in microeconomics

Submitted by Sabrina oliveira ([email protected]) on 2015-02-20T20:14:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Utilização de metodologias para desenvolvimento de agentes um estudo de caso na microeconomia.pdf: 150894 bytes, checksum: 7a67067a4304fbc6102e80df7f9d786c (MD5)Rejected by Vitor de Carvalho ([email protected]), reason: - Falta o nome de um dos autores do artigo nos metadados; - Visto o ponto 1 acima, a citação terá o termo 'et al' (por ter mais de 3 autores); - Nome da revista em caixa alta na citação. on 2015-02-26T21:24:00Z (GMT)Submitted by Sabrina oliveira ([email protected]) on 2015-02-27T15:32:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Utilização de metodologias para desenvolvimento de agentes um estudo de caso na microeconomia.pdf: 150894 bytes, checksum: 7a67067a4304fbc6102e80df7f9d786c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho ([email protected]) on 2015-03-04T16:02:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Utilização de metodologias para desenvolvimento de agentes um estudo de caso na microeconomia.pdf: 150894 bytes, checksum: 7a67067a4304fbc6102e80df7f9d786c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T16:02:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Utilização de metodologias para desenvolvimento de agentes um estudo de caso na microeconomia.pdf: 150894 bytes, checksum: 7a67067a4304fbc6102e80df7f9d786c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005Este artigo apresenta algumas metodologias para engenharia de software orientada para agentes e um estudo de caso aplicado a microeconomia, especificamente em abastecedoras de combustível. Estas metodologias modelam todos os aspectos ligados a agentes, diferentemente de uma metodologia de modelagem orientada a objetos.This paper presents some methodologies to agent-oriented software engineering and a case study in Microeconomics, specifically in supplies fuel. These methodologies model all aspects of agents approach, differentially of oriented objects approach

Utilização de metodologias para desenvolvimento de agentes: um estudo de caso na microeconomia

Este artigo apresenta algumas metodologias para engenharia de software orientada para agentes e um estudo de caso aplicado a microeconomia, especificamente em abastecedoras de combustível. Estas metodologias modelam todos os aspectos ligados a agentes, diferentemente de uma metodologia de modelagem orientada a objetos.This paper presents some methodologies to agent-oriented software engineering and a case study in Microeconomics, specifically in supplies fuel. These methodologies model all aspects of agents approach, differentially of oriented objects approach

Teses sobre hepatites na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1837-2000 Theses on hepatitis at the Faculdade de Medicina of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1837-2000

Apresenta inventário das teses sobre hepatites da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro entre 1837 e 2000. A análise indica potencialidades e limites para discussão do quadro evolutivo do conhecimento científico no Brasil sobre esses agravos. As teses também são discutidas à luz de seus referenciais científicos e das mudanças tecnológicas e sociais que as influenciaram. Identificam-se e categorizam-se os marcos do ensino médico e do conhecimento sobre as hepatites, considerando que as teses revelam, no mínimo, o estado da arte de seu objeto. O estudo permitiu explorar as bases em que os saberes científicos sobre as hepatites foram construídos e indicar possibilidades de pesquisas na reconstrução do conhecimento científico de outros agravos.<br>An inventory of the theses on hepatitis of the Faculdade de Medicina of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro between 1837 and 2000 is presented. The analysis indicates the potential and limits for discussion of the evolutionary framework of scientific knowledge on these health problems in Brazil. The theories are also discussed in light of their scientific reference points and the technological and social changes that influenced them. The landmarks in medical education and knowledge about hepatitis are identified and categorized, considering that the theses reveal at the very least the state of the art on the subject. The study makes it possible to explore the foundations upon which the scientific knowledge on hepatitis were built and indicate possibilities for research in the reconstruction of scientific knowledge of other health problems

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data