Diversidade racial e de gênero: análise da comunicação do cooperativismo de crédito

This paper analyzes the racial and gender perspective in communication made by Sistema de Cooperativas de Crédito do Brasil (Sicoob) [Brazilian Credit Union System] and Sistema das Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária (Cresol) [Rural Credit Union System with Solidarity Interaction]. This study examines both credit union’s videos published on YouTube from April to October 2017. Although the cooperativism have social commitment among their principles, this study points out that racial representation is practically nonexistent in communication. Women are more visible, however, they are not protagonists, their roles in the videos reproduce gender and racial patterns.Este trabalho analisa sob a perspectiva racial e a de gênero a comunicação feita pelo Sistema de Cooperativas de Crédito do Brasil (Sicoob) e pelo Sistema das Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária (Cresol). Os vídeos disponibilizados pelos dois sistemas de crédito no YouTube, entre abril e outubro de 2017, serviram de base para o estudo das representações de negros e mulheres. A pesquisa revelou que a representatividade racial na comunicação é praticamente inexistente; no tocante às mulheres (sejam elas brancas ou não brancas), quando aparecem, são figurativas e reproduzem padrões tradicionais de gênero. Aponta ainda que a comunicação deste setor está permeada por estigmas e contribui para a validação de padrões conservadores tanto racial quanto de gênero

Rural women and digital literacy: issues beyond access to ICT

O uso e apropriação das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) pelas mulheres rurais pode potencializar suas capacidades informativas, de geração de renda, mobilização social e até mesmo de lazer. No entanto, as desigualdades socioeconômicas interferem nas possibilidades de acesso e aproveitamento das TIC, fazendo com seu uso seja limitado ou não aconteça. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta dissertação é compreender como os marcadores sociais (gênero, raça e território) impactam nas condições de acesso, uso e apropriação das TIC e sua relação na construção da autonomia de mulheres rurais, quilombolas e assentadas, dos municípios de mineiros Viçosa e Visconde do Rio Branco. A pesquisa, qualitativa e exploratória, foi realizada com oito mulheres da comunidade quilombola do Buieié e 12 do assentamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) Olga Benário, somando 20 participantes com idades entre 18 e 60 anos. O percurso metodológico constituiu-se na realização de levantamentos bibliográficos, entrevistas semiestruturadas com as mulheres, caderno de campo e uma análise de conteúdo dos perfis nas redes sociais Facebook e Instagram dos respectivos territórios. O referencial teórico do trabalho desenvolve os conceitos de território, interseccionalidade, hiato digital de gênero e literacia digital. Os resultados apontam que o gênero, a raça e o território se articulam com outros marcadores sociais como escolaridade, a renda e a idade e impactam no uso das TIC e no desenvolvimento da literacia digital pelas mulheres rurais. As dificuldades para a promoção da conexão à internet e a pouca literacia digital não impede que as mulheres rurais se articulem e utilizem as redes sociais, ainda que de forma limitada, como uma ferramenta de geração de renda, mobilização social e fortalecimento dos laços comunitários. Palavras-chave: Mulheres rurais. TIC. Interseccionalidade. Literacia Digital.The use and appropriation of information and communication technologies (ICT) by rural women can enhance their capacities for information, income generation, social mobilization, and even leisure. However, socioeconomic inequalities interfere in the possibilities of access and use of ICTs, making their use limited or non-existent. In view of the above, the objective of this dissertation is to understand how the social markers (gender, race and territory) impact on the conditions of access, use and appropriation of ICTs and their relation to the construction of autonomy of rural women, quilombolas and settlers, from the municipalities of Viçosa and Visconde do Rio Branco. The research, qualitative and exploratory, was carried out with eight women from the quilombola community of Buieié and 12 from the settlement of the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) Olga Benário, adding 20 participants with ages between 18 and 60 years. The methodological approach consisted of a bibliographic survey, semi-structured interviews with the women, a field notebook and a content analysis of the social network profiles Facebook and Instagram of the respective territories. The theoretical framework of the work develops the concepts of territory, intersectionality, gender digital divide and digital literacy. The results point out that gender, race, and territory articulate with other social markers such as education, income, and age and impact the use of ICTs and the development of digital literacy by rural women. The difficulties in promoting internet connection and poor digital literacy do not prevent rural women from articulating and using social networks, even if in a limited way, as a tool for income generation, social mobilization, and strengthening of community ties. Keywords: Rural Women. ICT. Intersectionality. Digital Literacy.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved