Renormalized QCD-inspired model for the pion and mesons

We apply the subtraction method to an effective QCD-inspired model, which includes the Coulomb plus a zero-range hyperfine interactions, to define a renormalized Hamiltonian for mesons. The spectrum of the renormalized Hamiltonian agrees with the one obtained with a smeared hyperfine interaction. The masses of the low-lying pseudo scalar and vector mesons are reasonably described within the model.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 5 references. To be published in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) Talk presented at the Workshop "Light-cone Physics: Particles and Strings" at ECT* in Trento, Sep 3-11, 200

The development of an agent-based model to investigate possible power law relationships in peacekeeping operations

Modelling peace support operations is a growing area of research in the defence sector. Extensive development has been done in the area of combat models but they are not always sufficient when modelling operations other than war. The DIAMOND model is a large scale peace support model capable of mod- elling entire countries. Taking an agent-based approach, we have created a model that has the potential to be used in conjunction with DIAMOND, providing the detail the larger model lacks. Improvements need to be made before this is pos- sible but our model provides a strong starting point. Self-organised criticality is an area of complexity theory that is, in part, iden- tified by a fractal frequency-size ‘avalanche’ distributions. Previous research has shown a link between self-organised criticality and combat modelling. We looked for power-law behaviour in a variety of peacekeeping scenarios. Using our agent-based model we devised a set of scenarios, each one more complex than the previous one. Taking the conflict between the peacekeepers and local insurgents, we used two different measures of such to represent the ‘avalanches’. The results showed no real evidence of power law relationships but more experimentation and analysis is needed.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY APPLIED IN THE AGRIFOOD SECTOR: SOCIETAL PRIORITIES AND PITFALLS

Synthetic biology offers potential for innovation in the agrifood sector, although concerns have been raised consumer rejection of applications will occur similar to that associated with the introduction of genetically modified foods. Risk-benefit assessment should address socio-economic, as well as health and environmental impacts. Ethical issues may be of particular relevance to the application synthetic biology, and may also resonate with societal concerns. A case-by-case analysis of relevant issues may be needed, and innovation must be driven by societal and consumer preferences as well as technological possibilities. Research into consumer and societal priorities is required early in the innovation trajector

Genetically modified animals from life-science, socio-economic and ethical perspectives: examining issues in an EU policy context

The interdisciplinary EC consortium (the PEGASUS project) aimed to examine the issues raised by the development, implementation and commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) animals, and derivative foods and pharmaceutical products. The results integrated existing social (including existing public perception) environmental and economic knowledge regarding GM animals to formulate policy recommendations relevant to new developments and applications. The use of GM in farmed animals (aquatic, terrestrial and pharmaceutical) was mapped and reviewed. A foresight exercise was conducted to identity future developments. Three case studies (aquatic, terrestrial and pharmaceutical) were applied to identify the issues raised, including the potential risks and benefits of GM animals from the perspectives of the production chain (economics and agri-food sector) and the life sciences (human and animal health, environmental impact, animal welfare and sustainable production). Ethical and policy concerns were examined through application of combined ethical matrix method and policy workshops. The case studies were also used to demonstrate the utility of public engagement in the policy process. The results suggest that public perceptions, ethical issues, the competitiveness of EU animal production and risk-benefit assessments that consider human and animal health, environmental impact and sustainable production need to be considered in EU policy development. Few issues were raised with application in the pharmaceutical sector, assuming ethical and economic issues were addressed in policy, but the introduction of agricultural GM animal applications should be considered on a case-by-case basis

Percepção do consumidor frente aos riscos associados aos alimentos, sua segurança e rastreabilidade.

An increase in consumer interest in food safety has been observed in the last few decades. Governments have been pressed to adopt measures that assure the safety of foods and, as a consequence, legislation related to the contamination of food by physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants is being implemented. Within this context it is relevant to investigate the perception of Brazilian consumers on such issues. The present work evaluated the criteria used by consumers from Rio de Janeiro and Campinas to buy foods, and their vision of the risks of food contamination. The perception of consumers on traceability and its importance in contributing to the safety of foods was also evaluated using the Focus Group methodology. Three sessions were carried out (two in Campinas and the third in Rio de Janeiro). Differences were found between the consumers from the two cities. The Campinas consumers were more concerned and interested in the matter than those from Rio de Janeiro, since they reported looking for more information on the food labels. Mention was made of the risks of food poisoning, botulism, and pesticides by respondents in both cities. The main products considered as showing health risks were meats and seafood, the latter particularly in Rio. Products considered safe by consumers included fruits (without pesticides), vegetables and dried products. All the consumer groups were concerned about food contamination by pesticides and heavy metals. In relation to microbiological contamination, the three groups highlighted the risks of bacteria, especially Salmonella. Traceability was considered relevant by the three groups, since it should contribute to a more efficient product recall if necessary. However, from the consumer perspective, it will also lead to a price increase, although increasing consumer confidence in the safety of the foods. Many of the consumer concerns reflected information published in magazines and newspapers, such as the use of hormones in chicken. Industries and retailers should communicate scientific information about safety topics, thus contributing to consumer education.Nas últimas décadas, tem-se observado um crescente interesse dos consumidores pelas questões relacionadas à segurança dos alimentos. Os governos têm sido pressionados a adotar medidas que assegurem a inocuidade dos alimentos e, consequentemente, legislações rigorosas quanto à contaminação dos alimentos por agentes físicos, químicos e microbiológicos estão sendo implantadas. Dentro desse panorama, conhecer a percepção do consumidor brasileiro sobre o tema é extremamente relevante. No presente estudo, avaliaram-se, em duas grandes cidades brasileiras (Campinas-SP e Rio de Janeiro-RJ), os critérios utilizados por consumidores para a compra de produtos alimentícios e suas visões sobre os riscos potenciais de contaminação dos alimentos. Avaliou-se também a percepção dos consumidores sobre a rastreabilidade e seu papel na melhoria da segurança dos alimentos, utilizando-se a metodologia focus group. Três sessões de discussão foram conduzidas (duas em Campinas e uma no Rio de Janeiro), tendo sido observadas diferenças entre os consumidores das distintas praças. Os consumidores de Campinas mostraram-se mais preocupados e interessados no assunto do que os do Rio de Janeiro, pois relataram buscar mais informações nos rótulos de alimentos. Menções relacionadas a riscos, como intoxicação alimentar, botulismo e agrotóxicos foram comuns para os entrevistados das duas cidades e, entre os principais produtos considerados com risco à saúde, ficaram as carnes e os frutos do mar, sendo estes últimos com maior ênfase no Rio de Janeiro. Dentre os produtos reconhecidos como seguros, destacaram-se as frutas (produzidas sem agrotóxicos), os legumes e os produtos secos/desidratados. Em todos os grupos, observou-se grande preocupação com a contaminação por agrotóxicos e metais pesados. Em termos microbiológicos, ambas as praças destacaram os riscos com bactérias, especialmente a Salmonella. O tema rastreabilidade se mostrou relevante nos três grupos, pois esta deve contribuir para o recolhimento mais eficiente de produtos, caso seja necessário. No entanto, sob a ótica do consumidor, a rastreabilidade leva ao aumento dos preços, embora aumente a confiança em relação à segurança dos alimentos. Muitas das preocupações dos consumidores refletem as informações publicadas em revistas e jornais, como o caso da crença de que hormônios são utilizados na cadeia da carne de frango. Indústria e varejistas devem incrementar a comunicação de informações científicas sobre a segurança dos alimentos, contribuindo, assim, na educação do consumidor

Depth-encoded optical coherence elastography for simultaneous volumetric imaging of two tissue faces

Australian Research Council (ARC); National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); National Breast Cancer Foundation (NBCF); Department of Health, Government of Western Australia.Depth-encoded optical coherence elastography (OCE) enables simultaneous acquisition of two three-dimensional (3D) elastograms from opposite sides of a sample. By the choice of suitable path-length differences in each of two interferometers, the detected carrier frequencies are separated, allowing depth-ranging from each interferometer to be performed simultaneously using a single spectrometer. We demonstrate depth-encoded OCE on a silicone phantom and a freshly excised sample of mouse liver. This technique minimizes the required spectral detection hardware and halves the total scan time. Depth-encoded OCE may expedite clinical translation in time-sensitive applications requiring rapid 3D imaging of multiple tissue surfaces, such as tumor margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery.PostprintPeer reviewe

Critical review of methods for risk ranking of food related hazards, based on risks for human health.

This study aimed to critically review methods for ranking risks related to food safety and dietary hazards on the basis of their anticipated human health impacts. A literature review was performed to identify and characterize methods for risk ranking from the fields of food, environmental science and socio-economic sciences. The review used a predefined search protocol, and covered the bibliographic databases Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Web of Sciences, and PubMed over the period 1993-2013. All references deemed relevant, on the basis of of predefined evaluation criteria, were included in the review, and the risk ranking method characterized. The methods were then clustered - based on their characteristics - into eleven method categories. These categories included: risk assessment, comparative risk assessment, risk ratio method, scoring method, cost of illness, health adjusted life years, multi-criteria decision analysis, risk matrix, flow charts/decision trees, stated preference techniques and expert synthesis. Method categories were described by their characteristics, weaknesses and strengths, data resources, and fields of applications. It was concluded there is no single best method for risk ranking. The method to be used should be selected on the basis of risk manager/assessor requirements, data availability, and the characteristics of the method. Recommendations for future use and application are provided

Psychological Determinants of Consumer Acceptance of Personalised Nutrition in 9 European Countries

YesObjective: To develop a model of the psychological factors which predict people’s intention to adopt personalised nutrition. Potential determinants of adoption included perceived risk and benefit, perceived self-efficacy, internal locus of control and health commitment. Methods: A questionnaire, developed from exploratory study data and the existing theoretical literature, and including validated psychological scales was administered to N = 9381 participants from 9 European countries (Germany, Greece, Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, the UK, and Norway). Results: Structural equation modelling indicated that the greater participants’ perceived benefits to be associated with personalised nutrition, the more positive their attitudes were towards personalised nutrition, and the greater their intention to adopt it. Higher levels of nutrition self-efficacy were related to more positive attitudes towards, and a greater expressed intention to adopt, personalised nutrition. Other constructs positively impacting attitudes towards personalised nutrition included more positive perceptions of the efficacy of regulatory control to protect consumers (e.g. in relation to personal data protection), higher self-reported internal health locus of control, and health commitment. Although higher perceived risk had a negative relationship with attitude and an inverse relationship with perceived benefit, its effects on attitude and intention to adopt personalised nutrition was less influential than perceived benefit. The model was stable across the different European countries, suggesting that psychological factors determining adoption of personalised nutrition have generic applicability across different European countries. Conclusion: The results suggest that transparent provision of information about potential benefits, and protection of consumers’ personal data is important for adoption, delivery of public health benefits, and commercialisation of personalised nutrition.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n u 265494 (http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html). Food4Me is the acronym of the project ‘‘Personalised nutrition: an integrated analysis of opportunities and challenges’’ (http://www.food4me.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Online training courses on Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE)

This report summarises the training courses delivered under the contract OC/EFSA/AMU/2021/02 EKE: “Develop and conduct online training courses on Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE)”. The objective of the courses was to develop and conduct online training courses on applying the methodology described in the EFSA Guidance on Expert Knowledge Elicitation in Food and Feed Safety Risk Assessment” for EFSA staff and experts, as well as corresponding experts from EU member states. In addition to the three standard EKE methods (Sheffield, Delphi and Cooke), the training included a semi-formal method of EKE. All these methods may be used when EKE is performed within an existing EFSA working group to support uncertainty analysis as outlined in “The principles and methods behind EFSA\u27s Guidance on Uncertainty Analysis in Scientific Assessment”. In total, 12 courses were organised: two on “Steering an Expert Knowledge Elicitation”, two on “Conduct of the Sheffield protocol for an EKE”, one on “Conduct of the Cooke protocol for an EKE”, one on “Conduct of the Delphi protocol for an EKE”, two on “Conduct of a Semi-formal EKE”, two on “Reporting an Expert Knowledge Elicitation” and two on “Writing an Evidence Dossier for an Expert Knowledge Elicitation”. The courses had in total 149 participants and received very good feedback from the participants with a mean value of 4.2 of 5 possible, considering all numerical questions in the feedback questionnaire. Recommendations for future activities on training EKE methodologies are provided