Robust Contract Evolution in a TypeSafe MicroServices Architecture

Microservices architectures allow for short deployment cycles and immediate effects but offer no safety mechanisms when service contracts need to be changed. Maintaining the soundness of microservice architectures is an error-prone task that is only accessible to the most disciplined development teams. We present a microservice management system that statically verifies service interfaces and supports the seamless evolution of compatible interfaces. We define a compatibility relation that captures real evolution patterns and embodies known good practices on the evolution of interfaces. Namely, we allow for the addition, removal, and renaming of data fields of a producer module without breaking or needing to upgrade consumer services. The evolution of interfaces is supported by runtime generated proxy components that dynamically adapt data exchanged between services to match with the statically checked service code.The model was instantiated in a core language whose semantics is defined by a labeled transition system and a type system that prevents breaking changes from being deployed. Standard soundness results for the core language entail the existence of adapters, hence the absence of adaptation errors and the correctness of the management model. This adaptive approach allows for gradual deployment of modules, without halting the whole system and avoiding losing or misinterpreting data exchanged between system nodes. Experimental data shows that an average of 69% of deployments that would require adaptation and recompilation are safe under our approach

Considerações sobre as condenações injustas fundamentadas em provas periciais: análise do Innocence Project, do National Registry of Exoneration e mecanismos para redução de erros periciais

This article aims to analyze the relationship between expert evidence and wrongful convictions. It is a topic that is still little explored in Brazil, but with a wide debate in the USA. For this reason, it is used as the basis of the American model to answer the following questions: 1) What are the main American associations and databases related to the reversals of wrongful convictions? 2) What are the reflexes of the American approach in United Kingdom, Canada and Brazil? 3) How do expert evidence relate to wrongful convictions? 4) Are there criteria applicable to expert evidence that can be implemented in Brazil in order to reduce the chance of expert errors and misinterpretation by the judges? It is expected to present the point and the counterpoint in the use of expert evidence, to address the merits of associations that seek to reverse wrongful convictions and to suggest criteria to improve the way the experts dialogue with the judges.Este artigo pretende analisar a relação entre as provas periciais e as condenações injustas. Trata-se de tema ainda pouco explorado no Brasil, mas com amplo debate nos EUA. Por essa razão, utiliza-se como base o modelo estadunidense para responder às seguintes questões: 1) Quais são as principais organizações e bases de dados estadunidenses relacionadas às reversões de condenações injustas? 2) Quais os reflexos da abordagem estadunidense no Reino Unido, no Canadá e no Brasil? 3) Como as provas periciais relacionam-se às condenações injustas? 4) Existem critérios aplicáveis às provas periciais que possam ser implantados no Brasil com vistas a diminuir a chance de erros periciais e interpretações equivocadas por parte dos julgadores? Espera-se apresentar o ponto e o contraponto no uso da prova pericial, abordar o mérito de organizações que buscam reverter condenações injustas e sugerir critérios para aprimorar a forma como os peritos dialogam com os julgadores

A Percepção da autoimagem corporal e prática de atividade física em universitários

Currently, the biggest concern of practitioners of physical activity is related to body aesthetics. However, excessive care can cause a set of dissatisfactions with body image. This study aimed to verify the relationship between the perception of body self-image and the practice of physical activity in university students. This is a cross-sectional, inferential and analytical study, carried out with students from the Nutrition course at a university in the state of Pará. The variables used were: gender, age group, occupation, weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), silhouette according to the BMI, current physical appearance, satisfaction with the current appearance and appearance that I would like to have, recreational / sports activity, type, duration and main reason for practicing physical activity. Using the GNU R version 3.6.1 program, the X2 test was applied for the association between the perception of body image and the study variables, adopting a significance level of 5%. The results showed a predominance of females, aged 20 to 25 years, who only study. There was a prevalence of dissatisfaction with thinness among eutrophic and overweight individuals and also of physical activity for reasons of aesthetics and health. With this study it can be concluded that the greater the frequency with which one practices physical activity, the better the perception and satisfaction with the body image will be, being a very important factor for the resolution of the image disorders observed in most of the studied population.Atualmente, a maior preocupação dos praticantes de atividade física está relacionada à estética corporal. Porém, o cuidado excessivo pode provocar um conjunto de insatisfações com a imagem corporal. Este estudo objetivou verificar a relação entre a percepção da autoimagem corporal e a prática de atividade física em universitários. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, inferencial e analítico, realizado com acadêmicos do curso de Nutrição de uma universidade no estado do Pará. As variáveis utilizadas foram: gênero, faixa etária, ocupação, peso, altura, Ãndice de Massa Corporal (IMC), silhueta de acordo com o IMC, aparência física atual, satisfação com a aparência atual e aparência que gostaria de ter, prática de atividade recreativa/desportiva, tipo, duração e principal motivo para praticar atividade física. Por meio do programa GNU R versão 3.6.1 foi aplicado o teste X2 para associação entre a percepção da imagem corporal e as variáveis do estudo, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados apontaram predominância do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 20 a 25 anos, que apenas estudam. Houve prevalência de insatisfação por magreza entre eutróficos e com excesso de peso e de prática de atividade física por motivos de estética e saúde. Com este estudo pode-se concluir que quanto maior a frequência com que se pratica uma atividade física, melhor será a percepção e satisfação com a imagem corporal, sendo um fator muito importante para a resolução dos distúrbios de imagem observados em grande parte da população estudada

Nitric oxide from inflammatory origin impairs neural stem cell proliferation by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling

Neuroinflammation is characterized by activation of microglial cells, followed by production of nitric oxide (NO), which may have different outcomes on neurogenesis, favoring or inhibiting this process. In the present study, we investigated how the inflammatory mediator NO can affect proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and explored possible mechanisms underlying this effect. We investigated which mechanisms are involved in the regulation of NSC proliferation following treatment with an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide plus IFN-gamma), using a culture system of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived NSCs mixed with microglia cells obtained from wild-type mice (iNOS(+/+)) or from iNOS knockout mice (iNOS(-/-)). We found an impairment of NSC cell proliferation in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures, which was not observed in iNOS(-/-) mixed cultures. Furthermore, the increased release of NO by activated iNOS(+/+) microglial cells decreased the activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which was concomitant with an enhanced nitration of the EGF receptor. Preventing nitrogen reactive species formation with MnTBAP, a scavenger of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), or using the ONOO- degradation catalyst FeTMPyP cell proliferation and ERK signaling were restored to basal levels in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures. Moreover, exposure to the NO donor NOC-18 (100 mu M), for 48 h, inhibited SVZ-derived NSC proliferation. Regarding the antiproliferative effect of NO, we found that NOC-18 caused the impairment of signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway, which may be related to increased nitration of the EGF receptor in NSC. Using MnTBAP nitration was prevented, maintaining ERK signaling, rescuing NSC proliferation. We show that NO from inflammatory origin leads to a decreased function of the EGF receptor, which compromised proliferation of NSC. We also demonstrated that NO-mediated nitration of the EGF receptor caused a decrease in its phosphorylation, thus preventing regular proliferation signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway.Foundation for Science and Technology, (FCT, Portugal); COMPETE; FEDER [PEst-C/SAU/LA0001/2013-2014, PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013-2014, PTDC/SAU-NEU/102612/2008, PTDC/NEU-OSD/0473/2012]; FCT, Portugal [SERH/BPD/78901/2011, SERH/BD/38127/2007, SFRH/BD/77903/2011, SFRH/BD/79308/2011]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Using historical accounts of harpsichord touch to empirically investigate the production and perception of dynamics on the 1788 Taskin.

This article investigates the extent of production and perception of dynamic differences on a French historical harpsichord, extensively revised in 1788 by Pascal Taskin. A historical review reports on the descriptions of two different types of touch found in treatises of the 18th century. These two touches (loud/struck and soft/pressed) were used to perform single tones on the lower, upper, peau de buffle (PDB) registers (the last of which Taskin is credited with having invented) and the coupled 8-foot registers to investigate differences in dynamics. Acoustic measurements show varied differences of up to 11 dB for the two types of touch over different pitches in each register. The strongest difference is measured in the first harmonic of note F2 on the PDB. A listening experiment was conducted to test whether these differences are perceivable. Participants performed a discrimination task using pairs of single tones. Participants were able to perform significantly better than chance in correctly identifying whether pairs of single tones were same or different with respect to loudness [t(24) = 12.01, p < 0.001]. Accuracies were influenced by pitch and register, the PDB providing the strongest accuracies over the four registers tested

&lt;b&gt;EFEITO DE MERCURIAIS NA ATIVIDADE DA PECTINAMETILESTERASE DE BERINJELA (Solanum melongena L.)&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p align="justify"&gt;RESUMO: Pectinametilesterase (E. C. 3.1.1.11), parcialmente purificada, teve sua atividade reduzida na presença de cloreto de mercúrio e p-cloromercuriobenzoato. A incubação prévia de enzima com cisteína protegeu-a da inibição causada pelo cloreto de mercúrio. Este reagente, no entanto, reverteu apenas parcialmente a atividade da PME previamente inibida pelo cloreto de mercúrio. Apesar disso, uma reversão total da inibição pelo cloreto de mercúrio foi obtida com NaCl 0,6 M. Os resultados sugerem que grupo(s) SH essencial(is) para a atividade da PME parece(m) estar localizado(s) fora do sítio ativo da enzima. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pectinametilesterase; berinjela; grupo sulfidrila; grupo tiol.&lt;/p&gt

A casa de sabedoria : uma lectura dos estatutos da Biblioteca Pública de Ãvora de 1811

La Biblioteca Pública de Ãvora debe su fundación y sus valiosos fondos a la iniciativa de D. Manuel del Cenáculo. Los primeros años de la institución fueron marcados por la inestabilidad y la guerra, la biblioteca fue saqueada por el ejército francés en 1808 y una parte sustancial de su colección fue destruida. Con los Estatutos de 1811, el fundador dotaba la biblioteca de un financiamiento generoso y de personal que quería al servicio del público e de una colección de gran valor, no sólo libros, sino también obras de arte, antigüedades y productos naturales. Con este trabajo se presenta un breve informe histórico de la biblioteca y analiza las ideas expuestas en su estatutos, comparándolos con la legislación y otros documentos nacionales e internacionales de cariz o bibliotecológico. También se evaluará el cumplimiento de un propósito establecido en el estatutos, convertir la biblioteca en una | Ãvora Public Library owes its foundation and its valuable collection to the initiative of D. Manuel do Cenáculo. The early years of the institution were marked by instability and war, the library was sacked by the French army in 1808 and a substantial part of his collection was destroyed. With the Statutes of 1811, the founder endowed the library of generous funding, a staff who wanted to serve the public and a collection of great value, not just books but also works of art, antiquities and natural products. This paper presents a brief historical account of the library and discussed the ideas in their statutes, in comparison with the legislation and other national and international documents of librarianship. Also assess the fulfillment of a purpose set out in the Statutes, convert the library into

Information Centric Networks - Design Issues, Principles and Approaches

The proliferation of user-generated content available over the Internet and the growing need for disassociation of the content from its location has introduced a new aspect for the design of the Future Internet: the transition from a host-centric to an information-centric network paradigm. However, information-centric network is still a very young research area and, as such, there are a number of weaknesses in existing designs. This paper presents its main design issues and establishes some principles and approaches that could allow an easier and faster migration for the information-centric networking paradigm