CASOS SOBRE A CERTIFICAÇÃO UTZ KAPEH EM EMPRESAS CAFEEIRAS INFORMATIZADAS: IMPACTOS NAS PESSOAS, GESTÃO E COMPETITIVIDADE

Diante de um mundo cada vez mais dinâmico e inundado de informações, tornase difícil para o consumidor verificar a qualidade dos alimentos e do processo pelos quais foram obtidos. Em vista disso, as organizações são pressionadas a implantarem processos de qualidade que são certificados por terceira parte, processos estes que causam impactos e geram uma série de mudanças. O objetivo deste artigo foi o de apontar os impactos que o processo de certificação Utz Kapeh causou nas pessoas, na gestão e na competitividade de duas organizações rurais produtoras de café, situadas no Sul de Minas Gerais. Para a obtenção dos dados foram utilizadas técnicas de observação não participante, análise documental e entrevistas e para a sua análise foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Deste estudo, extraiu-se um modelo no qual se evidenciou um maior impacto da certificação na gestão das organizações e a importância de uma rede (Cooperativa) como forma de obter um preço diferenciado pelo café certificado. Faced with a world increasingly dynamic and flooded with information, it becomes difficult for the consumer to verify the quality of the foods and the process of it production. In view of that, organizations are pressed to be certified by third party to ensure the quality of their product, service or process. These processes cause impacts and generate a series of organizational changes. The objective of this article was to verify the impacts caused by the Utz Kapeh certification in the employees, in the management and in the competitiveness of two rural coffee companies, located in the South of Minas Gerais. The techniques used to obtained the data were no participant observation, documental analysis and interviews and for data analysis was used the content analysis. Starting for this study, was extracted a model in which was evidenced the greatest impact of certification in management of the organizations and the importance of a net (Cooperative) as a form of obtaining a differentiated price by coffe certified.certificação, pessoas, gestão do agronegócio, competitividade, café, certification, employees, agribusiness management, competitiveness, coffee, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries,

CARIAA Working Paper no. 4

Includes abstract in FrenchThis paper demonstrates the ability of regional institutions to pool existing knowledge and resources, leverage local and national policies, and position African countries at international negotiations. Because climate change is a global problem with local effects, decision-making regarding adaptation strategies must be built into and coordinated over multiple levels of governance. Using data and case studies drawn from Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA), the paper suggests ways in which Regional Economic Communities (RECs) may be strengthened. Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA) aims to build resilience of vulnerable populations in three climate change hot spots

Gouvernance transfrontalière du changement climatique dans les régions semi-arides : cas d'étude du Sénégal

Department for International Development (DFiD

Programme de recherche et de renforcement des capacités Adaptation aux changements climatiques en Afrique (ACCA)

Version anglaise disponible dans la Bibliothèque numérique du CRDI : Adaptation : storiesÀ propos du programme ACCA -- Le programme de recherche et de renforcement des capacités Adaptation aux changements climatiques en Afrique (ACCA) a été lancé en 2006 et est financé conjointement par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) du Canada et le Department for International Development (DFID) du Royaume-Uni. Il est hébergé et géré par le CRDI depuis son siège à Ottawa et trois bureaux régionaux en Afrique. Notre mandat initial prévoit cinq années d’activités de programmation, avec transfert graduel des responsabilités aux institutions africaines. Le financement initial fourni par le CRDI est de 15 millions CAD et celui du DFID de 24 millions GBP. Nous avons pour but de renforcer la capacité des pays d’Afrique à s’adapter aux changements climatiques au profit des communautés vulnérables. Le programme a pour objectif la création d’un bassin d’experts chevronnés et autonomes qui sauront répondre aux besoins définis par les collectivités, les décideurs et les institutions du continent africain

Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA) research and capacity development program

French version available in IDRC Digital Library: Adaptation : histoires vécuesThis lovely book is a collection of stories of individual or community adaptations to climate change from various regions of the Sahel. Successful adaptation models come from the people who are living on the front lines, facing the many problems caused by climate change and climate variation. For instance, “An Experience in Perpetual Adaptation” recounts a story of nomadic herders where drought has made it impossible to follow their traditional long routes. Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA) works to establish a self-sustaining African body of expertise on adaptation that responds to needs defined by African communities, decisionmakers, and institutions

National Neuroinformatics Framework for Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA)

The Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) launched the “International Collaborative Research Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease” as a signature initiative, focusing on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). The Canadian Consortium for Neurodegeneration and Aging (CCNA) was subsequently established to coordinate and strengthen Canadian research on AD and NDDs. To facilitate this research, CCNA uses LORIS, a modular data management system that integrates acquisition, storage, curation, and dissemination across multiple modalities. Through an unprecedented national collaboration studying various groups of dementia-related diagnoses, CCNA aims to investigate and develop proactive treatment strategies to improve disease prognosis and quality of life of those affected. However, this constitutes a unique technical undertaking, as heterogeneous data collected from sites across Canada must be uniformly organized, stored, and processed in a consistent manner. Currently clinical, neuropsychological, imaging, genomic, and biospecimen data for 509 CCNA subjects have been uploaded to LORIS. In addition, data validation is handled through a number of quality control (QC) measures such as double data entry (DDE), conflict flagging and resolution, imaging protocol checks1, and visual imaging quality validation. Site coordinators are also notified of incidental findings found in MRI reads or biosample analyses. Data is then disseminated to CCNA researchers via a web-based Data-Querying Tool (DQT). This paper will detail the wide array of capabilities handled by LORIS for CCNA, aiming to provide the necessary neuroinformatic infrastructure for this nation-wide investigation of healthy and diseased aging

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Expression and Processing of a Small Nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr Virus Genome

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are localized within the nucleolus, a sub-nuclear compartment, in which they guide ribosomal or spliceosomal RNA modifications, respectively. Up until now, snoRNAs have only been identified in eukaryal and archaeal genomes, but are notably absent in bacteria. By screening B lymphocytes for expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we here report, for the first time, the identification of a snoRNA gene within a viral genome, designated as v-snoRNA1. This genetic element displays all hallmark sequence motifs of a canonical C/D box snoRNA, namely C/C′- as well as D/D′-boxes. The nucleolar localization of v-snoRNA1 was verified by in situ hybridisation of EBV-infected cells. We also confirmed binding of the three canonical snoRNA proteins, fibrillarin, Nop56 and Nop58, to v-snoRNA1. The C-box motif of v-snoRNA1 was shown to be crucial for the stability of the viral snoRNA; its selective deletion in the viral genome led to a complete down-regulation of v-snoRNA1 expression levels within EBV-infected B cells. We further provide evidence that v-snoRNA1 might serve as a miRNA-like precursor, which is processed into 24 nt sized RNA species, designated as v-snoRNA124pp. A potential target site of v-snoRNA124pp was identified within the 3′-UTR of BALF5 mRNA which encodes the viral DNA polymerase. V-snoRNA1 was found to be expressed in all investigated EBV-positive cell lines, including lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Interestingly, induction of the lytic cycle markedly up-regulated expression levels of v-snoRNA1 up to 30-fold. By a computational approach, we identified a v-snoRNA1 homolog in the rhesus lymphocryptovirus genome. This evolutionary conservation suggests an important role of v-snoRNA1 during γ-herpesvirus infection

The Viral and Cellular MicroRNA Targetome in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus linked to a number of B cell cancers and lymphoproliferative disorders. During latent infection, EBV expresses 25 viral pre-microRNAs (miRNAs) and induces the expression of specific host miRNAs, such as miR-155 and miR-21, which potentially play a role in viral oncogenesis. To date, only a limited number of EBV miRNA targets have been identified; thus, the role of EBV miRNAs in viral pathogenesis and/or lymphomagenesis is not well defined. Here, we used photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) combined with deep sequencing and computational analysis to comprehensively examine the viral and cellular miRNA targetome in EBV strain B95-8-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). We identified 7,827 miRNA-interaction sites in 3,492 cellular 3′UTRs. 531 of these sites contained seed matches to viral miRNAs. 24 PAR-CLIP-identified miRNA:3′UTR interactions were confirmed by reporter assays. Our results reveal that EBV miRNAs predominantly target cellular transcripts during latent infection, thereby manipulating the host environment. Furthermore, targets of EBV miRNAs are involved in multiple cellular processes that are directly relevant to viral infection, including innate immunity, cell survival, and cell proliferation. Finally, we present evidence that myc-regulated host miRNAs from the miR-17/92 cluster can regulate latent viral gene expression. This comprehensive survey of the miRNA targetome in EBV-infected B cells represents a key step towards defining the functions of EBV-encoded miRNAs, and potentially, identifying novel therapeutic targets for EBV-associated malignancies