27 research outputs found

    Herkunftsbedingungen, Studium, Schaffensabsichten von Studenten kĂŒnstlerischer Hoch- und Fachschulen der DDR: Erste Informationen zur Untersuchung ; Kurztitel: Kunststudenten '86

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    In einer 1986 realisierten Untersuchung zu Sozialisationsbedingungen, Studium und Schaffensabsichten wurden 1894 Studenten von insgesamt 14 Hoch- und Fachschulen der Bereiche Musik, Bildende/ Angewandte Kunst, Theater, Film und Fernsehen schriftlich befragt. Neben den genannten Fachrichtungen konzentrieren sich die Autoren in ihrer Ergebnisdarstellung auf Einrichtungen in Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig und Halle. Der skalierte Fragebogenkatalog zielt auf die folgenden Forschungsschwerpunkte: (1) Welche Beziehungen haben die Studenten zu ihrem zukĂŒnftigen Beruf und welche Auffassung zu dessen gesellschaftlicher Funktion? Welche weltanschaulich-ideologischen und kulturell-geistigen Standpunkte prĂ€gen ihre Vorstellung vom Sinn ihres kĂŒnstlerischen Wirkens? (2) Wie fördert das Kunststudium die Entwicklung optimaler FĂ€higkeiten/ Leistungen sowie die Herausbildung politischer und gesellschaftlicher Haltungen? (3) Inwieweit schaffen die Sozialisationsbedingungen (Elternhaus, Schicht- und Parteizugehörigkeit, Förderung) individuelle Voraussetzungen fĂŒr die Einstellung zum Studium, zur Gesellschaft und den kĂŒnftigen Beruf? (SH

    Introducing the dilemma of societal alignment for inclusive and responsible research and innovation

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    © 2018 The Author(s).In this discussion paper, we outline and reflect on some of the key challenges that influence the development and uptake of more inclusive and responsible forms of research and innovation. Taking these challenges together, we invoke Collingridge’s famous dilemma of social control of technology to introduce a complementary dilemma that of ‘societal alignment’ in the governance of science, technology and innovation. Considerations of social alignment are scattered and overlooked among some communities in the field of science, technology and innovation policy. By starting to unpack this dilemma, we outline an agenda for further consideration of social alignment in the study of responsible research and innovation.Ribeiro and Shapira acknowledge support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant number BB/M017702/1] (Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals). Jarmai acknowledges support from Horizon 2020 Framework Programme project ‘COMPASS – Evidence and opportunities for responsible innovation in SMEs’ [grant agreement number 710543]. BĂŒrer and Lindner acknowledge support from project ‘MoRRI – Monitoring the evolution and benefits of RRI was funded by the European Commission’ [grant number RTD-B6-PP-00964-2013] for funding part of the research

    The dilemma of societal alignment in responsible research and innovation

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    Resumen del trabajo presentado en la XVI Triple Helix Conference, celebrada en Manchester (Inglaterra) del 05 al 08 de septiembre de 2018.Around four decades ago, David Collingridge put forward a dilemma that has been widely adoptedamongst the technology assessment (TA), and later, responsible research and innovation (RRI) communities. The so-called Collingridge dilemma has permeated discussions on the governance of science, technology and innovation, enclosing an enormous challenge: that of anticipating their potential consequences and controlling emerging technologies. In this paper, we outline and reflect on some of the key challenges that influence the development and uptake of more inclusive and responsible forms of science, technology and innovation. Our analysis draws on a large body of empirical and theoretical research done by the different authors to reflect on challenges emerging from the complex and diverse organisational characteristics of universities, the enactment of responsibility in the private sector, the emergence of bottom-up, grassroots innovation and the hidden dimensions of sustainability, equity and transdisciplinarity. Taking these together, we paraphrase CollingridgeÂżs famous dilemma of social control of technology to introduce a complementary dilemma which might be useful in the study of RRI, that of `societal alignmentÂż in science, technology and innovation. The dilemma of social alignment differs from that of control in at least five dimensions: a) the epistemic communities involved, b) governance mechanisms, c) `natureÂż of the problem, d) backward or forward looking focus and e) scale and scope of sociotechnical systems. By starting to unpack this concept, we outline an agenda that remains scattered and overlooked among some communities in the field of the governance of research and innovation

    Kunst und Kultur im Alltag der DDR-Jugend: zentrales Forschungsprojekt 08.02.05. T. 1

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    Die als Dienstsache eingestufte Studie hat die Absicht, Empfehlungen fĂŒr die jugend- und kulturpolitische Praxis in Vorbereitung auf den XII. Parteitag der SED und das XIII. Parlament der FDJ zu erarbeiten. Das Papier umfaßt Aussagen zur Theorie des Alltags, Beurteilungen und EinschĂ€tzungen des Alltags der Jugendlichen in der DDR und eine Beschreibung der GrundzĂŒge kultureller Lebensgestaltung der Jugendlichen. Das vorliegende Heft umfaßt 37 Seiten, die (nicht vorliegende) Gesamtstudie soll 154 Seiten und 16 Seiten Tabellen stark sein. Im Bericht heißt es, daß sich im Wert- und MotivationsgefĂŒge der Jugendlichen betrĂ€chtliche VerĂ€nderungen vollzögen. Werte wie die Entfaltung der IndividualitĂ€t, Lebensgenuß und Selbstbestimmung hĂ€tten an Bedeutung gewonnen. Damit verbunden sei der gewachsene Stellenwert der Freizeit. Wichtig fĂŒr die Jugendszene der DDR sei die wachsende Internationalisierung kultureller Prozesse. (pka

    Kunst und Kultur im Alltag der DDR-Jugend: zentrales Forschungsprojekt 08.02.05. T. 2

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    In einem ersten Teil werden auf der Basis empirischer Ergebnisse Tendenzen in der Entwicklung kultureller Interessen und Verhaltensweisen von Jugendlichen in der DDR dargestellt. "DarĂŒberhinaus werden Grundstrukturen des Kulturgebrauchs (rezeptive und produktive AktivitĂ€tsformen)" sowohl anhand reprĂ€sentativer Beispiele als auch in ĂŒbergreifender Perspektive beschrieben. "Der AlltĂ€glichkeit bzw. NichtalltĂ€glichkeit der verschiedenen Formen kultureller Lebensgestaltung sowie der jeweils spezifischen Leistung rezeptiver und produktiver AktivitĂ€tsformen bei der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung Jugendlicher wird dabei besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt." In einem zweiten Teil werden exemplarisch drei Bereiche untersucht, die "alltĂ€gliche kulturelle Lebensgestaltung in ihren Spannungsfeldern zwischen Anspruch und Realisierung, Selbstverwirklichung und Sozialisierung, rezeptiven und produktiven AktivitĂ€ten in jeweils spezifischer Weise beispielhaft verdeutlichen". Hierbei geht es um das VerhĂ€ltnis Jugendlicher zur populĂ€ren Musik als elementarer Bestandteil des kulturellen Alltags, das Modeverhalten als eine sich rasch verĂ€ndernde Form alltagskulturellen Verhaltens und die Rolle der Jugendclubs als institutionalisierte Organisationsform kulturellen Verhaltens. (ICE

    Combining HPAEC-PAD, PGC-LC-MS, and 1D <sup>1</sup>H NMR to Investigate Metabolic Fates of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in 1-Month-Old Infants:A Pilot Study

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    A solid-phase extraction procedure was optimized to extract 3-fucosyllactose and other human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from human milk samples separately, followed by absolute quantitation using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection and porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. The approach developed was applied on a pilot sample set of 20 human milk samples and paired infant feces collected at around 1 month postpartum. One-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed on the same samples to determine the relative levels of fucosylated epitopes and sialylated (Neu5Ac) structural elements. Based on different HMO consumption patterns in the gastrointestinal tract, the infants were assigned to three clusters as follows: complete consumption; specific consumption of non-fucosylated HMOs; and, considerable levels of HMOs still present with consumption showing no specific preference. The consumption of HMOs by infant microbiota also showed structure specificity, with HMO core structures and Neu5Ac(α2-3)-decorated HMOs being most prone to degradation. The degree and position of fucosylation impacted HMO metabolization differently. </p

    Delayed Stroke after Aneurysm Treatment with Flow Diverters in Small Cerebral Vessels: A Potentially Critical Complication Caused by Subacute Vasospasm

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    Flow diversion (FD) is a novel endovascular technique based on the profound alteration of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, which emerged as a promising minimally invasive therapy for intracranial aneurysms. However, delayed post-procedural stroke remains an unexplained concern. A consistent follow-up-regimen has not yet been defined, but is required urgently to clarify the underlying cause of delayed ischemia. In the last two years, 223 patients were treated with six different FD devices in our center. We identified subacute, FD-induced segmental vasospasm (SV) in 36 patients as a yet unknown, delayed-type reaction potentially compromising brain perfusion to a critical level. Furthermore, 86% of all patients revealed significant SV approximately four weeks after treatment. In addition, 56% had SV with 25% stenosis, and 80% had additional neointimal hyperplasia. Only 13% exhibited SV-related high-grade stenosis. One of those suffered stroke due to prolonged SV, requiring neurocritical care and repeated intra-arterial (i.a.) biochemical angioplasty for seven days to prevent territorial infarction. Five patients suffered newly manifested, transient hemicrania accompanying a compensatorily increased ipsilateral leptomeningeal perfusion. One treated vessel obliterated permanently. Hence, FD-induced SV is a frequent vascular reaction after FD treatment, potentially causing symptomatic ischemia or even stroke, approximately one month post procedure. A specifically early follow-up-strategy must be applied to identify patients at risk for ischemia, requiring intensified monitoring and potentially anti-vasospastic treatment

    A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci

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    In a worldwide collaborative effort, 19,630 Y-chromosomes were sampled from 129 different populations in 51 countries. These chromosomes were typed for 23 short-tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643) and using the PowerPlex Y23 System (PPY23, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). Locus-specific allelic spectra of these markers were determined and a consistently high level of allelic diversity was observed. A considerable number of null, duplicate and off-ladder alleles were revealed. Standard single-locus and haplotype-based parameters were calculated and compared between subsets of Y-STR markers established for forensic casework. The PPY23 marker set provides substantially stronger discriminatory power than other available kits but at the same time reveals the same general patterns of population structure as other marker sets. A strong correlation was observed between the number of Y-STRs included in a marker set and some of the forensic parameters under study. Interestingly a weak but consistent trend toward smaller genetic distances resulting from larger numbers of markers became apparent.Peer reviewe

    PAP and mental illness. How people with serious mental illness experience different aspects of physical activity

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    Bakgrund: Psykiskt funktionshinder innebĂ€r en risk för det fysiska, sociala och mentala vĂ€lbefinnandet. Psykiskt funktionshindrade har vĂ€sentligt sĂ€mre levnadsvillkor Ă€n befolkningen i övrigt, dĂ„ funktionshindret ofta medför sociala och ekonomiska konsekvenser. Även somatisk sjukdom Ă€r betydligt vanligare och den förvĂ€ntade livslĂ€ngden betydligt kortare. Sjuksköterskan har genom sin hĂ€lsofrĂ€mjande roll ett ansvar för att bĂ„de initiera Ă„tgĂ€rder och stödja de svaga gruppernas hĂ€lsa. Den fysiska aktivitetens betydelse för alla individers fysiska hĂ€lsa Ă€r i dag vĂ€lkĂ€nd och sjuksköterskan har möjlighet till att förskriva fysisk aktivitet pĂ„ recept. Dock Ă€r den fysiska aktivitetens potentiellt frĂ€mjande effekt av psykiskt vĂ€lmĂ„ende inte lika uppmĂ€rksammad och lite Ă€r kĂ€nt om vilka specifika faktorer som behöver tas i beaktande för psykiskt funktionshindrade. Syfte: Att undersöka hur personer med psykiskt funktionshinder upplever olika aspekter av fysisk aktivitet, för att i samband med utskrivning av FaRÂź kunna ge vĂ€l underbyggda rekommendationer. Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad pĂ„ 16 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Fysisk aktivitet kan frĂ€mja ett ökat vĂ€lbefinnande pĂ„ mĂ„nga sĂ€tt, exempelvis genom symtomlindring och personlig utveckling, empowerment samt nya sociala kontakter. Det frĂ€msta hindret utgörs av en komplex kombination mellan symtom och lĂ€kemedelsbiverkan. För att underlĂ€tta trĂ€ningen och överkomma hinder behövs mycket socialt stöd och viss praktisk assistans. Slutsats: VĂ„rdpersonal har en möjlighet och plikt att frĂ€mja hĂ€lsan. Med tanke pĂ„ de mĂ„nga hĂ€lsofrĂ€mjande effekter som resultatet visar att fysisk aktivitet kan ge, kĂ€nns det ytterst motiverat att arbeta för att ge personer med psykiskt funktionshinder goda möjligheter till att vara fysiskt aktiva
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