Social Work of the Future: Motives and Expectations among Social Work Students in Sweden

Is it possible to see future social work in today’s social work students? It is likely that the way these students think about social work will form the future practice. In this study we investigate social work students’ motives and expectations of their future profession. A survey was conducted among first semester students at four different universities in Sweden (n=243). The survey asked questions about the students’ motives, what they thought the main aim of social work is, and how they would like to be seen as social workers. The results show among other things that social work students consider the main aim of social work is to improve people’s lives, advocate on people’s behalf, and protect vulnerable people. The most frequently stated motives for becoming involved in social work were to help vulnerable people, and an interest in social issues, and the least important were religious or political reasons. The study has not being able to identify any future changes in social work. This could be interpreted as showing that social work has basic values that are constant over time and cultures

Utvärdering av skördetidsprognoser i vall

Ensilerat vallfoder är ett av de absolut viktigaste fodermedlen för att förmå korna att producera en stor mängd högkvalitativ mjölk. En hake är dock att ensilaget ska vara av god kvalitet och med bästa möjliga näringsvärde, samtidigt som man även vill ha volymmängder. För att få detta gäller det att skörda vid rätt tidpunkt, vilket kan vara svårt att veta när det infaller. Till detta finns ett hjälpmedel som kallas skördetidsprognos. Detta går ut på att man klipper prover i vallen upp till tre gånger innan första skörden för att analysera gräset och därigenom kunna avgöra när bästa tiden är för att skörda för att få den mest optimala kombinationen av mängd och näringsvärde. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur bra hjälpmedel jordbrukare i norra Sverige tycker att skördetidsprognosen är för att få en ökad kvalitet på ensilaget, samt att jämföra variationen i näringsvärde och mängd biomassa inom och mellan olika fält. Arbetet är baserat på dels egna praktiska moment, där provklippningar har genomförts före första skörd på åtta fält på Ersmarksgården AB, Skellefteå Kommun. Före tredje skörden inventerades artsammansättningen på de olika fälten. Men arbetet är också baserat på telefonintervjuer av 23 av de 24 jordbrukare som är värdar för skördetidsprognosen i Norrbottens och Västerbottens län. Telefonintervjuerna genomfördes utifrån ett frågeformulär som sammanställts tillsammans med handledarna. Frågeformuläret innehåller 13 frågor som tar upp aspekter som jordbrukarnas erfarenheter och åsikter om skördetidsprognosen men också deras vallkedja. Summary The silage is one of the most important tools to make the cows able to produce a good amount of high quality milk. One hatch is that the silage should be of high quality and be as nutritional as possible and in the mean time you want quantities. To achieve this, it is urgent to harvest at the right time and it may be difficult to know when that time is. There is some technical aid to use, called harvest time prognosis in leys. It means that you, before harvest, do up to three test cuttings to make chemical analyses of the timothy. From these analyses you can evaluate the nutritional values and the production of biomass, and decide when to harvest. The purpose with this project is to investigate how well the farmers in northern Sweden think that the analyses from the prognosis for harvest time are as a tool to get silage with high quality. But also to investigate if there are variations in nutrition and the biomass production in, and between, different fields on a farm and in that case which variations. The work is based on partial practical moments, where test cuttings before first harvest were performed at Ersmarksgården AB, in Skellefteå Kommun. Between second and third harvest an inventory of the botanical composition on these fields was made, to look into how the composition of the species in different ages of the pasture varies. The work was partial telephone-interviews with the farmers that are hosts of the evaluation of prognoses for harvest time in leys in northern Sweden. During the telephone-interview questions were asked from a questionnaire with 13 questions that were put together with the supervisors. There were 23 farmers in the interview.The silage is one of the most important tools to make the cows able to produce a good amount of high quality milk. One hatch is that the silage should be of high quality and be as nutritional as possible and in the mean time you want quantities. To achieve this, it is urgent to harvest at the right time and it may be difficult to know when that time is. There is some technical aid to use, called harvest time prognosis in leys. It means that you, before harvest, do up to three test cuttings to make chemical analyses of the timothy. From these analyses you can evaluate the nutritional values and the production of biomass, and decide when to harvest. The purpose with this project is to investigate how well the farmers in northern Sweden think that the analyses from the prognosis for harvest time are as a tool to get silage with high quality. But also to investigate if there are variations in nutrition and the biomass production in, and between, different fields on a farm and in that case which variations. The work is based on partial practical moments, where test cuttings before first harvest were performed at Ersmarksgården AB, in Skellefteå Kommun. Between second and third harvest an inventory of the botanical composition on these fields was made, to look into how the composition of the species in different ages of the pasture varies. The work was partial telephone-interviews with the farmers that are hosts of the evaluation of prognoses for harvest time in leys in northern Sweden. During the telephone-interview questions were asked from a questionnaire with 13 questions that were put together with the supervisors. There were 23 farmers in the interview

An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Introduction: Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. Results: We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. Conclusions: This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects.Peer reviewe

Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk

BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7×10-8, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4×10-8, HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4×10-8, HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific associat

Jag kollar på världen och den kollar tillbaka på mig

Jag kollar på världen och den kollar tillbaka på mig. Blicken följer allt jag gör. Jag sparar på det jag ser. Världen är dekorerad. Jag står framför kopiatorn. Papperena är varma. Jag är en alkemist. Jag skapar guld och evigt liv. Allt blir till teckningar. Linjerna lever. Jag bygger maskiner för seendet. De ska ändra hur du ser på saker. Du ser allt jag har lagt mina ögon på