Efeitos da cláusula de barreira no desempenho dos partidos políticos nas eleições municipais de 2020

Com base no advento da cláusula de barreira, introduzida no Brasil pela Emenda Constitucional nº 97/2017, este trabalho tem por objetivo responder se o mecanismo influenciou no desempenho dos partidos políticos afetados pela referida cláusula nas eleições de 2020 – o primeiro sufrágio com o mecanismo em vigor – em comparação com o desempenho nas eleições de 2016, tendo como parâmetro o número de cadeiras nas Câmaras Municipais e a votação nos nove maiores colégios eleitorais do país. De início, apresenta-se o conceito da cláusula de barreira, a fim de entender o mecanismo. Em seguida, aborda-se a ocorrência do instituto em outros países. Na sequência, passa-se ao contexto histórico no Brasil. Além disso, esta pesquisa analisa as mudanças ocorridas em virtude da referida Emenda Constitucional à luz da votação para a Câmara dos Deputados em 2018. Além de comparar o desempenho partidário nas eleições de 2020 em relação ao pleito anterior, esta monografia também projeta as perspectivas para as três próximas eleições gerais – 2022, 2026 e 2030. Diante da pesquisa realizada, verificou-se que os partidos afetados pelo mecanismo tiveram perdas de cadeiras nos legislativos municipais em 2020, apesar de situações distintas constatadas nos colégios eleitorais analisados. Em vista desta análise, infere-se que as perdas de cadeiras dos partidos afetados pela cláusula de barreira devem-se sobremodo às restrições impostas pela Emenda Constitucional e também pela “janela partidária” aberta entre março e abril de 2020.Based on the advent of the barrier clause, introduced in Brazil by Constitutional Amendment No. 97/2017, this paper aims to answer whether the mechanism influenced the performance of political parties affected by that clause in the 2020 elections - the first suffrage with the mechanism in force – compared to the performance in the 2016 elections, using as a parameter the number of seats in the Municipal Chambers and voting in the nine largest electoral colleges in the country. Initially, the concept of the barrier clause is introduced in order to understand the mechanism. Then, the occurrence of the institute in other countries is discussed. Next, we move on to the historical context in Brazil. In addition, this research analyzes the changes that occurred as a result of the aforementioned Constitutional Amendment in light of the vote for the Chamber of Deputies in 2018. In addition to comparing the party performance in the 2020 elections in relation to the previous election, this monograph also projects the perspectives for the next three general elections – 2022, 2026 and 2030. Based on the survey carried out, it was found that the parties affected by the mechanism had losses of seats in municipal legislatures in 2020, despite different situations found in the analyzed electoral colleges. In view of this analysis, it is inferred that the losses of seats of the parties affected by the barrier clause are mainly due to the restrictions imposed by the Constitutional Amendment and also by the “party window” opened between March and April 2020

Assessing Centralized Governance in a Software Cluster

Increasing attention has been paid to the creation of spatially concentrated environments (industrial agglomerations or clusters) that aim at fostering firm-level competitiveness. However, while much has been said about clusters in general, less attention has been paid to structural governance within these agglomerations. This paper discusses the economic dynamics of clusters in the presence of centralized formal body of governance regarding internal and external relationships. We have carried out a case study of the key players in the software industry of Ribeirão Preto, which relies on an institutional arrangement called PISO. PISO arises as an economic institution in the context of Ribeirão Preto’s software cluster that structures collective action within the system, interfering in the regional policymaking processes and fostering an environment that improves overall capabilities that allow firms to take full advantage of the externalities in order to create and consolidate competitive local advantages

Matriz de análise das decisões judiciais: o discurso dos magistrados no Brasil e Alemanha

This article aims to describe and analyze the contents of the legal discourses of magistrates in Brazil and Germany in the light of José Rodrigo Rodriguez's theory of hermeneutic subjectivism. It starts with a descriptive study of the constitutional provisions in force in Brazil and Germany, in order to explain the respective constitutional structures and their implications in the construction of the legal argumentation of the decision in order to debate the decision “Brazilian style” and “German style”. To this end, an exploratory methodology was applied and bibliographic and documentary research was chosen as an instrument for studying interdisciplinary scientific works, using especially the analysis of decisions rendered in Brazil and Germany, in addition to proposing a matrix for objective content analysis. The results obtained did not establish a value judgment on the Constitutional Courts of the two countries, on the contrary, they provided an expanded view of their practices, insofar as they pointed out distinctions in the way of exposing the content of the respective speeches, demonstrating that cultural differences demarcate the judges, from their training to their professional performance.O presente artigo objetiva descrever e analisar os conteúdos dos discursos jurídicos dos magistrados no Brasil e na Alemanha à luz da teoria do subjetivismo hermenêutico de José Rodrigo Rodriguez. Partindo-se de um estudo descritivo dos dispositivos constitucionais vigentes no Brasil e na Alemanha, a fim de se explicitar as respectivas estruturas constitucionais e suas implicações na construção da argumentação jurídica da decisão de modo a debater a decisão “à moda brasileira” e “à moda germânica”. Para tanto, aplicou-se a metodologia do tipo exploratória e elegeu-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental como instrumento de estudos de trabalhos científicos interdisciplinares, valendo-se especialmente da análise das decisões proferidas no Brasil e na Alemanha, além de propor uma matriz para análise objetiva de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos não estabeleceram juízo de valor sobre os Tribunais Constitucionais dos dois países, ao contrário, propiciaram uma visão ampliada sobre suas práticas, na medida em que apontaram distinções na maneira de expor o conteúdo dos respectivos discursos, demonstrando que as diferenças culturais demarcam os julgadores, desde a sua formação até a sua atuação profissional

Tongue metastasis of cutaneous melanoma : report of two cases and literature review

Malignant metastases to the oral cavity are rare and metastatic melanomas of the tongue are considered exceptionally uncommon, with less than 10 cases published in the English literature so far. Two female patients in the 7th decade of life presented to our dental service with nodules in the tongue. Both patients had multiple metastases at the time of oral diagnosis and primary melanoma originated on the skin. An intra-oral incisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia and the histopathologic analysis was characterized by the proliferation of atypical epithelioid cells displaying a poorly delimited cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nucleus which contained eosinophilic macronucleoli. Immunohistochemistry was performed in both cases to confirm the clinical hypothesis of metastatic melanoma. After the diagnosis of oral metastatic melanoma, the patients were maintained under palliative care and close medical follow-up. Both patients died four and a half months and 20 months after the diagnosis of tongue metastasis. Although rare, metastatic melanoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of tongue lesions detected in patients with a previous medical history of cutaneous melanoma

A Multigene Approach for Comparing Genealogy of Betacoronavirus

Gastroenteritis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young and newborn animals and is often caused by multiple intestinal infections, with rotavirus and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) being the main viral causes in cattle. Given that BCoV is better studied than equine coronaviruses and given the possibility of interspecies transmission of these viruses, this research was designed to compare the partial sequences of the spike glycoprotein (S), hemagglutinin-esterase protein (HE), and nucleoprotein (N) genes from coronaviruses from adult cattle with winter dysentery, calves with neonatal diarrhea, and horses. To achieve this, eleven fecal samples from dairy cows with winter dysentery, three from calves, and two from horses, all from Brazil, were analysed. It could be concluded that the enteric BCoV genealogy from newborn and adult cattle is directly associated with geographic distribution patterns, when S and HE genes are taken into account. A less-resolved genealogy exists for the HE and N genes in cattle, with a trend for an age-related segregation pattern. The coronavirus strains from horses revealed Betacoronavirus sequences indistinguishable from those found in cattle, a fact previously unknown

Autoimmune hepatitis in 828 Brazilian children and adolescents: clinical and laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes

In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmunehepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higherdisease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.sentation, laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes of children andadolescents with autoimmune hepatitis.Methods: The medical records of 828 children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitiswere reviewed. A questionnaire was used to collect anonymous data on clinical presentation,biochemical and histological findings, and treatments.Results: Of all patients, 89.6% had autoimmune hepatitis-1 and 10.4% had autoimmunehepatitis-2. The female sex was predominant in both groups. The median age at symptomonset was 111.5 (6; 210) and 53.5 (8; 165) months in the patients with autoimmune hepatitis1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. Acute clinical onset was observed in 56.1% and58.8% and insidious symptoms in 43.9% and 41.2% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. The risk of hepatic failure was 1.6-fold higher forautoimmune hepatitis-2. Fulminant hepatic failure occurred in 3.6% and 10.6% of the patientswith autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively; the risk was 3.1-foldhigher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. The gamma globulin and immunoglobulin G levels were sig-nificantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis-1, while the immunoglobulin A and C3 levels werelower in autoimmune hepatitis-2. Cirrhosis was observed in 22.4% of the patients; biochem-ical remission was achieved in 76.2%. The actuarial survival rate was 93.0%. A total of 4.6%underwent liver transplantation, and 6.9% died (autoimmune hepatitis-1: 7.5%; autoimmunehepatitis-2: 2.4%).Conclusions: In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmunehepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higherdisease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NURE: An ERC project to study nuclear reactions for neutrinoless double beta decay

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is considered the best potential resource to access the absolute neutrino mass scale. Moreover, if observed, it will signal that neutrinos are their own anti-particles (Majorana particles). Presently, this physics case is one of the most important research “beyond Standard Model” and might guide the way towards a Grand Unified Theory of fundamental interactions. Since the 0νββ decay process involves nuclei, its analysis necessarily implies nuclear structure issues. In the NURE project, supported by a Starting Grant of the European Research Council (ERC), nuclear reactions of double charge-exchange (DCE) are used as a tool to extract information on the 0νββ Nuclear Matrix Elements. In DCE reactions and ββ decay indeed the initial and final nuclear states are the same and the transition operators have similar structure. Thus the measurement of the DCE absolute cross-sections can give crucial information on ββ matrix elements. In a wider view, the NUMEN international collaboration plans a major upgrade of the INFN-LNS facilities in the next years in order to increase the experimental production of nuclei of at least two orders of magnitude, thus making feasible a systematic study of all the cases of interest as candidates for 0νββ

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe