113 research outputs found
Targeted genomic capture and massively parallel sequencing to identify genes for hereditary hearing loss in middle eastern families
A community-powered search of machine learning strategy space to find NMR property prediction models
The rise of machine learning (ML) has created an explosion in the potential
strategies for using data to make scientific predictions. For physical
scientists wishing to apply ML strategies to a particular domain, it can be
difficult to assess in advance what strategy to adopt within a vast space of
possibilities. Here we outline the results of an online community-powered
effort to swarm search the space of ML strategies and develop algorithms for
predicting atomic-pairwise nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties in
molecules. Using an open-source dataset, we worked with Kaggle to design and
host a 3-month competition which received 47,800 ML model predictions from
2,700 teams in 84 countries. Within 3 weeks, the Kaggle community produced
models with comparable accuracy to our best previously published "in-house"
efforts. A meta-ensemble model constructed as a linear combination of the top
predictions has a prediction accuracy which exceeds that of any individual
model, 7-19x better than our previous state-of-the-art. The results highlight
the potential of transformer architectures for predicting quantum mechanical
(QM) molecular properties
Infrared spectroscopy characterization of normal and lung cancer cells originated from epithelium
The vibrational spectral differences of normal and lung cancer cells were studied for the development of effective cancer cell screening by means of attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. The phosphate monoester symmetric stretching νs(PO32-) band intensity at ~970 cm-1 and the phosphodiester symmetric stretching νs(PO2-) band intensity at ~1,085 cm-1 in nucleic acids and phospholipids appeared to be significantly strengthened in lung cancer cells with respect to the other vibrational bands compared to normal cells. This finding suggests that more extensive phosphorylation occur in cancer cells. These results demonstrate that lung cancer cells may be prescreened using infrared spectroscopy tools
Electromagnetic Dissociation as a Tool for Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics
Coulomb dissociation is an especially simple and important reaction
mechanism. Since the perturbation due to the electric field of the (target)
nucleus is exactly known, firm conclusions can be drawn from such measurements.
Electromagnetic matrixelements and astrophysical S-factors for radiative
capture processes can be extracted from experiments. We describe the basic
elements of the theory of nonrelativistic and relativistic electromagnetic
excitation with heavy ions. This is contrasted to electromagnetic excitation
with leptons (electrons), with their small electric charge and the absence of
strong interactions. We discuss various approaches to the study of higher order
electromagnetic effects and how these effects depend on the basic parameters of
the experiment. The dissociation of neutron halo nuclei is studied in a zero
range model using analytical methods. We also review ways how to treat nuclear
interactions, show their characteristics and how to avoid them (as far as
possible). We review the experimental results from a theoretical point of view.
Of special interest for nuclear structure physics is the appearence of low
lying electric dipole strength in neutron rich nuclei. Applications of Coulomb
dissociation to some selected radiative capture reactions relevant for nuclear
astrophysics are discussed. The Coulomb dissociation of 8B is relevant for the
solar neutrino problem. The potential of the method especially for future
investigations of (medium) heavy exotic nuclei for nuclear structure and
astrophysics is explored. We conclude that the Coulomb dissociation mechanism
is theoretically well understood, the potential difficulties are identified and
can be taken care of. Many interesting experiments have been done in this field
and many more are expected in the future.Comment: review article accepted for publication in "Prog. in Part. and Nucl.
Physics", 75 pages, 31 figure
Personalized prostate cancer screening among men with high risk genetic predisposition- study protocol for a prospective cohort study
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Modelling climate and societal resilience in the Eastern Mediterranean in the last Millennium
This article analyses high-quality hydroclimate proxy records and spatial reconstructions from the Central and Eastern Mediterranean and compares them with two Earth System Model simulations (CCSM4, MPI-ESM-P) for the Crusader period in the Levant (1095–1290 CE), the Mamluk regime in Transjordan (1260–1516 CE) and the Ottoman crisis and Celâlî Rebellion(1580–1610 CE). During the three time intervals, environmental and climatic stress tested the resilience of complex societies.We find that the multidecadal precipitation and drought variations in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean cannot be explained by external forcings (solar variations, tropical volcanism); rather they were driven by internal climate dynamics. Our research emphasises the challenges, opportunities and limitations of linking proxy records, palaeoreconstructions and model simulations to better understand how climate can affect human history
The Early Royal Society and Visual Culture
Recent studies have fruitfully examined the intersection between early modern science and visual culture by elucidating the functions of images in shaping and disseminating scientific knowledge. Given its rich archival sources, it is possible to extend this line of research in the case of the Royal Society to an examination of attitudes towards images as artefacts –manufactured objects worth commissioning, collecting and studying. Drawing on existing scholarship and material from the Royal Society Archives, I discuss Fellows’ interests in prints, drawings, varnishes, colorants, images made out of unusual materials, and methods of identifying the painter from a painting. Knowledge of production processes of images was important to members of the Royal Society, not only as connoisseurs and collectors, but also as those interested in a Baconian mastery of material processes, including a “history of trades”. Their antiquarian interests led to discussion of painters’ styles, and they gradually developed a visual memorial to an institution through portraits and other visual records.AH/M001938/1 (AHRC
Can Climate Change Mitigation Policy Benefit the Israeli Economy? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Early detection of breast cancer using total biochemical analysis of peripheral blood components: a preliminary study
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