Above- and belowground biodiversity jointly tighten the P cycle in agricultural grasslands

Experiments showed that biodiversity increases grassland productivity and nutrient exploitation, potentially reducing fertiliser needs. Enhancing biodiversity could improve P-use efficiency of grasslands, which is beneficial given that rock-derived P fertilisers are expected to become scarce in the future. Here, we show in a biodiversity experiment that more diverse plant communities were able to exploit P resources more completely than less diverse ones. In the agricultural grasslands that we studied, management effects either overruled or modified the driving role of plant diversity observed in the biodiversity experiment. Nevertheless, we show that greater above- (plants) and belowground (mycorrhizal fungi) biodiversity contributed to tightening the P cycle in agricultural grasslands, as reduced management intensity and the associated increased biodiversity fostered the exploitation of P resources. Our results demonstrate that promoting a high above- and belowground biodiversity has ecological (biodiversity protection) and economical (fertiliser savings) benefits. Such win-win situations for farmers and biodiversity are crucial to convince farmers of the benefits of biodiversity and thus counteract global biodiversity loss

A novel antiangiogenic and vascular normalization therapy targeted against human CD160 receptor

A monoclonal anti-CD160 antibody inhibits the growth of new vessels in pathological ocular and tumor neoangiogenesis but not in healthy tissues

High-quality SNPs from genic regions highlight introgression patterns among European white oaks (Quercus petraea and Q. robur)

International audienceIn the post-genomics era, non-model species like most Fagaceae still lack operational diversity resources for population genomics studies. Sequence data were produced from over 800 gene fragments covering ~530 kb across the genic partition of European oaks, in a discovery panel of 25 individuals from western and central Europe (11 Quercus petraea, 13 Q. robur, one Q. ilex as an outgroup). Regions targeted represented broad functional categories potentially involved in species ecological preferences, and a random set of genes. Using a high-quality dedicated pipeline, we provide a detailed characterization of these genic regions, which included over 14500 polymorphisms, with ~12500 SNPs −218 being triallelic-, over 1500 insertion-deletions, and ~200 novel di- and tri-nucleotide SSR loci. This catalog also provides various summary statistics within and among species, gene ontology information, and standard formats to assist loci choice for genotyping projects. The distribution of nucleotide diversity (θπ) and differentiation (FST) across genic regions are also described for the first time in those species, with a mean n θπ close to ~0.0049 in Q. petraea and to ~0.0045 in Q. robur across random regions, and a mean FST ~0.13 across SNPs. The magnitude of diversity across genes is within the range estimated for long-term perennial outcrossers, and can be considered relatively high in the plant kingdom, with an estimate across the genome of 41 to 51 million SNPs expected in both species. Individuals with typical species morphology were more easily assigned to their corresponding genetic cluster for Q. robur than for Q. petraea, revealing higher or more recent introgression in Q. petraea and a stronger species integration in Q. robur in this particular discovery panel. We also observed robust patterns of a slightly but significantly higher diversity in Q. petraea, across a random gene set and in the abiotic stress functional category, and a heterogeneous landscape of both diversity and differentiation. To explain these patterns, we discuss an alternative and non-exclusive hypothesis of stronger selective constraints in Q. robur, the most pioneering species in oak forest stand dynamics, additionally to the recognized and documented introgression history in both species despite their strong reproductive barriers. The quality of the data provided here and their representativity in terms of species genomic diversity make them useful for possible applications in medium-scale landscape and molecular ecology projects. Moreover, they can serve as reference resources for validation purposes in larger-scale resequencing projects. This type of project is preferentially recommended in oaks in contrast to SNP array development, given the large nucleotide variation and the low levels of linkage disequilibrium revealed

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Le souterrain de Denouët-Vihan en Peumerit-Quintin (Côtes-du-Nord)

Le Provost F., Le Roux C.-T. Le souterrain de Denouët-Vihan en Peumerit-Quintin (Côtes-du-Nord). In: Annales de Bretagne. Tome 74, numéro 1, 1967. pp. 121-125

La céramique d'un site de surface au Miniou-en-Bonen (Côte-du-Nord)

Giot P R, Le Provost François. La céramique d'un site de surface au Miniou-en-Bonen (Côte-du-Nord). In: Annales de Bretagne. Tome 73, numéro 1, 1966. pp. 43-49

Lier à IdRef. Un réseau pour la consultation et la production de données d'autorité, une collaboration entre les humains et les machines

International audienceThis article presents IdRef (Identifiers and Referentials) an authority database combined with a tool box and services provided for the French higher education community. Historically, university libraries have been IdRef's main users (since the creation of the Sudoc union catalogue in 2000) but new actors have become involved as users which has stimulated the development of interoperability of systems associated with research data. To accompany work towards this objective, ABES has looked for automatic ways of generating links to authority records while also working on the diagnosis and enhancement of the quality of existing links. Although there is a massive amount of data requiring links including article authors, the quality of links is a priority because systemic interconnection and the reuse of data in the LOD (Linked Open Data) system constitute a vector which spreads both good and bad elements. We shall give details of some of the findings from the Qualinca research project into the quality of links in document catalogues. Along with algorithms and code, Qualinca has produced a prototype interface designed as a space where humans and algorithms can collaborate. For a given name, the algorithms calculate new links and evaluate existing links, all of which can be confirmed or cancelled by human users. Users can also give a little help to an algorithm if required. Today, manual unitary cataloguing is no longer sufficient. New environments need to be invented with variable geometries (unit records, sets of records, databases) and a mixed demography of human users plus algorithms. Cooperation and quality must remain the pillars of such environments.Cet article présente IdRef (Identifiants et Référentiels), base d’autorités, mais aussi boîte à outils et services à destination de la communauté de l’enseignement supérieur français. Si les bibliothèques universitaires en sont les utilisatrices historiques (depuis la fondation du catalogue collectif Sudoc en 2000), des acteurs nouveaux sont venus s’y greffer, favorisant l’interopérabilité des systèmes associés aux données de la recherche. Pour accompagner cette ambition, l’ABES a cherché des moyens automatisés pour générer des liens vers les notices d'autorité, mais également diagnostiquer et soigner la qualité des liens existants. Bien que les données à relier soient massives, englobant les auteurs des articles, la qualité des liens est une priorité car l'interconnexion systémique et la réutilisation des données dans le LOD (Linked Open Data) sont un vecteur de contagion de ce qui est bon et mauvais. Seront détaillés une partie des résultats de Qualinca, projet de recherche sur la qualité des liens dans les catalogues documentaires. Outre des algorithmes et du code, Qualinca a produit une interface prototype conçue comme un lieu où les humains et les algorithmes collaborent. Pour un nom donné, les algorithmes calculent de nouveaux liens et font une évaluation des liens existants, que l'agent humain peut confirmer ou annuler. L'agent peut également donner un coup de pouce à l'algorithme lorsque celui-ci a en a besoin. Aujourd'hui, le catalogage unitaire manuel ne suffit plus. Il est nécessaire d'inventer de nouveaux environnements, à géométrie variable (enregistrement unitaire, ensemble d'enregistrements, bases de données) et à démographie mixte (humains plus algorithmes), dans lesquels la coopération et la qualité restent les piliers