NIVEL DE PROTECCIÓN DE UNA VACUNA INTERMEDIA CONTRA LA ENFERMEDAD DE GUMBORO EN AVES DE POSTURA.

This study evaluated the protection conferred by a vaccine against Gumboro disease in laying hens. Three hundred Isa Brown one-day-old chicks were equally distributed in three groups. Groups A and B were vaccinated, twice, at 9 and 24 days old with an intermediate-intermediate strain (2512), and group C remained unvaccinated. Groups B and C were challenged at 32 days old with the F52/70 strain through the eye. Bursal index, bursa/spleen relationship and microscopic lesions of the bursa, spleen and thymus after vaccination were evaluated at 1, 35 and 45 days old. Antibody titers by an indirect ELISA study but not in birds of groups A and B. The bursal index values in the three groups were compatible with bursal atrophy. Histopathological lesions were severe in the three groups. At 45 days of age, birds of group C had the major seroconvertion (3997), while groups A and B presented similar antibodies titers. It is concluded that although the use of an intermediate vaccine at 9 and 24 days old caused bursal atrophy, the vaccine also gave sufficient protection against Gumboro disease.Se evaluó la protección conferida por una vacuna contra la enfermedad de Gumboro en aves de postura comercial. Se utilizaron 300 aves Isa Brown de un día de edad, distribuidas en tres grupos de 100 aves cada uno. Los grupos A y B fueron vacunados dos veces, a los 9 y 24 días de edad, con una cepa intermedia-intermedia (2512), y el grupo C no fue vacunado. Los grupos B y C fueron desafiados a los 32 días de edad, utilizando la cepa F 52/70 por vía ocular. La patogenicidad de la cepa vacunal fue evaluada los días 1, 35 y 45 de edad mediante el índice bursal, la relación bursa/bazo y las lesiones microscópicas de bursa, bazo y timo; además, se determinaron los títulos de anticuerpos por la prueba de ELISA indirecta. Solo el grupo C presentó mortalidad y signos clínicos de Gumboro durante el estudio. Los valores de índice bursal en los tres grupos fueron compatibles con atrofia bursal; así mismo, las lesiones histopatológicas en los tres grupos fueron severas. A los 45 días de edad, el grupo C presentó la mayor seroconversión (3997), mientras que los grupos vacunados A y B presentaron títulos similares de anticuerpos. Se concluye que, si bien, el uso de una vacuna intermedia a los 9 y 24 días de edad ocasiona daño bursal compatible con atrofia, induce una buena protección contra la enfermedad de Gumboro

Evaluación del enriquecimiento proteico de residuos de papa y yuca con (Paecilomyces variotti)

Problems in the protein supply call for alternatives to traditional sources. In this context, cell or single-cell microbial protein (SCP) is an appealing option. One of the advantages of SCP, is that use of industrial and post-harvest wastes, such as agro-industrial wastes (AWs). Within AWs are waste potato and cassava, which currently do not receive any treatment to add them value. A way of doing so is via protein enrichment from solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this work, we used potato and cassava residues as a source of carbon and energy, and assessed the effect of adding two types of nitrogen sources: ammonium sulfate (10 g/L) and peptone(10 g/L) and two levels of humidity (10 and 30%) through a 22 factorial design of experiments carried out for 24 days. The protein level was measured with the Biuret method after removal of the substrate’s protein. Our statistical analysis indicates that the combined effects were better than the simple ones: for potato residues, the highest protein enrichment was 166, 29 %, obtained from a combination of a humidity level of 30% and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source. For cassava residues, the highest protein enrichment was 171.05 %, obtained from a combination of 10% moisture and peptone as nitrogen source peptone.Los problemas de suministro de proteína hacen necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas distintas a las fuentes tradicionales. La proteína microbiana, celular o unicelular (PUC), es una opción favorable. Una de las ventajas de la PUC, es que emplea como sustratos residuos de actividades industriales y desechos de poscosecha, como residuos agroindustriales (RA). Dentro los RA, se encuentran los desechos de papa y yuca, los cuales no reciben actualmente un tratamiento para darles valor agregado. Una forma de valorizar estos residuos es a través del enriquecimiento proteico producto de la fermentación en estado sólido (FES). En este trabajo, empleando residuos de papa y yuca como fuente de carbono y energía, evaluamos la adición de dos fuentes de nitrógeno: sulfato de amonio (10 g/L) y peptona (10g/L) y dos niveles de humedad (10 y 30%) a través de un diseño de experimentos factorial 2 , con una duración de 24 días. La proteína fue medida por el método de Biuret, previa separación de la proteína del sustrato.Nuestro análisis estadístico indica que los efectos combinados fueron mejores que los simples: para la papa el más alto enriquecimiento proteico fue de 166,29 %, obtenido con la combinación de humedad del 30% y sulfato de amonio como fuente de nitrógeno. Para la yuca el más alto enriquecimiento proteico fue de 171,05 %, obtenido a un 10% de humedad y con peptona como fuente de nitrógeno

Variation in the Composition and In Vitro Proinflammatory Effect of Urban Particulate Matter from Different Sites

Spatial variation in particulate matter–related health and toxicological outcomes is partly due to its composition. We studied spatial variability in particle composition and induced cellular responses in Mexico City to complement an ongoing epidemiologic study. We measured elements, endotoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two particle size fractions collected in five sites. We compared the in vitro proinflammatory response of J774A.1 and THP‐1 cells after exposure to particles, measuring subsequent TNFα and IL‐6 secretion. Particle composition varied by site and size. Particle constituents were subjected to principal component analysis, identifying three components: C 1 (Si, Sr, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Mn, endotoxin), C 2 (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and C 3 (Zn, S, Sb, Ni, Cu, Pb). Induced TNFα levels were higher and more heterogeneous than IL‐6 levels. Cytokines produced by both cell lines only correlated with C 1 , suggesting that constituents associated with soil induced the inflammatory response and explain observed spatial differences. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:87‐97, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/jbt.21471Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96321/1/jbt21471.pd

Genome-wide association and HLA fine-mapping studies identify risk loci and genetic pathways underlying allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is the most common clinical presentation of allergy, affecting 400 million people worldwide, with increasing incidence in westernized countries1,2. To elucidate the genetic architecture and understand the underlying disease mechanisms, we carried out a meta-analysis of allergic rhinitis in 59,762 cases and 152,358 controls of European ancestry and identified a total of 41 risk loci for allergic rhinitis, including 20 loci not previously associated with allergic rhinitis, which were confirmed in a replication phase of 60,720 cases and 618,527 controls. Functional annotation implicated genes involved in various immune pathways, and fine mapping of the HLA region suggested amino acid variants important for antigen binding. We further performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses of allergic sensitization against inhalant allergens and nonallergic rhinitis, which suggested shared genetic mechanisms across rhinitis-related traits. Future studies of the identified loci and genes might identify novel targets for treatment and prevention of allergic rhinitis

A Regional Red List of Montane Tree Species of the Tropical Andes: Trees at the top of the world

Andean montane forests are a major global conservation priority owing to their biological richness and high level of species endemism. Botanically the Andes are very rich in species but they remain relatively unstudied. In common with montane forests elsewhere in the world, Andean forests are of great value for the provision of ecosystem services relating to water supply, regulation of regional climate and the capture and storage of carbon. The forests and their component species are however under threat. This report summarises information drawn from a wide variety of sources to provide a regional Red List of trees of Andean tropical montane forests. The species evaluation process has drawn on published national red lists of threatened species, botanical literature, specimen databases, forestry information and expert knowledge. The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria have been used for the evaluation and a component of Natalia?s PhD study has been to evaluate their use for species with limited and dispersed data. Understanding the geographical distribution of the species is very important in conservation assessment. The maps produced for this study are a valuable starting point for the Red Listing and a baseline for monitoring impacts of climate change. In this assessment 70 species are recorded as globally threatened based on the IUCN Red List of Categories and Criteria out of 127 tree species evaluated. In addition 165 national endemic trees of the region have previously been evaluated as globally threatened based on the same IUCN process. In total therefore 235 tree species are currently considered to be threatened with extinction within the Andean montane forests.Fil: Tejedor Garavito , Natalia. Bournemouth University; Reino UnidoFil: Álvarez Dávila, Esteban. Jardín Botánico de Medellín; ColombiaFil: Caro, Sandra Arango. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados UnidosFil: Murakami, Alejandro Araujo. Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado; BoliviaFil: Baldeón, Severo. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Beltrán, Hamilton. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Blundo, Cecilia Mabel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas de las Yungas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Boza Espinoza, Tatiana Erika. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados UnidosFil: Fuentes Claros, Alfredo. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia; BoliviaFil: Gaviria, Juan. Universidad de Los Andes; VenezuelaFil: Gutiérrez, Néstor. Universidad de Los Andes; VenezuelaFil: Khela, Sonia. Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Reino UnidoFil: León, Blanca. University of Texas at Austin; Estados UnidosFil: la Torre Cuadros, Maria De Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional Agraria; PerúFil: López Camacho, René. Universidad Distrital; ColombiaFil: Malizia, Lucio Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Estudios Ambientales Territoriales y Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Millán, Betty. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Moraes R., Mónica. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia; BoliviaFil: Newton, Adrian C.. Bournemouth University; Reino UnidoFil: Pacheco, Silvia. Fundación Proyungas; ArgentinaFil: Reynel, Carlos. Universidad Nacional Agraria; PerúFil: Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados UnidosFil: Vacas Cruz,Omar. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; Ecuado

Role of PTPN22 and CSK gene polymorphisms as predictors of susceptibility and clinical heterogeneity in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis)

INTRODUCTION: To determine whether the PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22)/CSK (c-src tyrosine kinase) pathway is implicated in the susceptibility and clinical heterogeneity of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in the largest series of Caucasian HSP patients ever assessed for genetic studies. METHODS: A set of 329 Spanish patients diagnosed with HSP fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and the Michel et al. classification criteria and 515 sex and ethnically matched controls were recruited in this study. Two well-known CSK (CSK rs34933034 and CSK rs1378942) and two functional PTPN22 (PTPN22 rs2476601 (R620W) and PTPN22 rs33996649 (R263Q)) polymorphisms, previously associated with autoimmunity, were genotyped with TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays. RESULTS: No significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between HSP patients and controls were observed when the CSK rs34933034, CSK rs1378942, PTPN22 rs2476601 (R620W) and PTPN22 rs33996649 (R263Q) polymorphisms were analyzed independently. In keeping with this observation, no significant differences were found when we assessed these polymorphisms combined conforming haplotypes. In addition, there were no differences in the allele or genotype frequencies when HSP patients were stratified according the age at disease onset, sex, presence of arthralgia/arthritis, nephritis or gastrointestinal manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support association between PTPN22/CSK and HSP

Clinical course of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock in a cohort of infected patients from ten Colombian hospitals

ABSTARCT: Sepsis has several clinical stages, and mortality rates are different for each stage. Our goal was to establish the evolution and the determinants of the progression of clinical stages, from infection to septic shock, over the first week, as well as their relationship to 7-day and 28-day mortality

Sprouty2 and Spred1-2 Proteins Inhibit the Activation of the ERK Pathway Elicited by Cyclopentenone Prostanoids

Sprouty and Spred proteins have been widely implicated in the negative regulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. In considering the functional role of these proteins, we explored their effects on ERK activation induced by cyclopentenone prostanoids, which bind to and activate Ras proteins. We therefore found that ectopic overexpression in HeLa cells of human Sprouty2, or human Spred1 or 2, inhibits ERK1/2 and Elk-1 activation triggered by the cyclopentenone prostanoids PGA1 and 15d-PGJ2. Furthermore, we found that in HT cells that do not express Sprouty2 due to hypermethylation of its gene-promoter, PGA1-provoked ERK activation was more intense and sustained compared to other hematopoietic cell lines with unaltered Sprouty2 expression. Cyclopentenone prostanoids did not induce Sprouty2 tyrosine phosphorylation, in agreement with its incapability to activate tyrosine-kinase receptors. However, Sprouty2 Y55F, which acts as a defective mutant upon tyrosine-kinase receptor stimulation, did not inhibit cyclopentenone prostanoids-elicited ERK pathway activation. In addition, Sprouty2 did not affect the Ras-GTP levels promoted by cyclopentenone prostanoids. These results unveil both common and differential features in the activation of Ras-dependent pathways by cyclopentenone prostanoids and growth factors. Moreover, they provide the first evidence that Sprouty and Spred proteins are negative regulators of the ERK/Elk-1 pathway activation induced not only by growth-factors, but also by reactive lipidic mediators

Izaña Atmospheric Research Center. Activity Report 2015-2016

This report is a summary of the many activities at the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center to the broader community. The combination of operational activities, research and development in state-of-the-art measurement techniques, calibration and validation and international cooperation encompass the vision of WMO to provide world leadership in expertise and international cooperation in weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental issues

Relaciones interculturales, mercado de trabajo y localización socio-espacial de los inmigrantes bolivianos que residen en áreas urbanas y periurbanas de la ciudad de Córdoba

Este proyecto estudiará los procesos de segmentación del mercado laboral y de segregación socio-espacial de los inmigrantes bolivianos en áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas de la ciudad de Córdoba, y las maneras en que dichos procesos son justificados a través de estereotipos basados en distinciones culturales y/o raciales. Focalizaremos sobre las relaciones de desigualdad y de explotación que signan el mercado de trabajo y otros espacios de sociabilidad en el contexto actual de acumulación del capital. Nos planteamos las siguientes hipótesis: 1) Los inmigrantes bolivianos que residen en la ciudad de Córdoba se vinculan, como mano de obra no calificada, con un mercado laboral informal segmentado étnicamente, en el marco de procesos discriminatorios basados en estereotipos étnico-raciales. 2) Algunos inmigrantes bolivianos lograron cierta movilidad económicoproductiva, convirtiéndose en patrones de sus co-nacionales en diferentes sectores (construcción, horticultura, comercio informal, industria de indumentaria), hecho que es facilitado por la activación de redes migratorias. 3) Los estereotipos sobre los bolivianos son re-significados y, a veces, confrontados por agentes vinculados con los medios y con organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. 4) La segregación residencial es otro mecanismo discriminatorio que favorece la exclusión de los inmigrantes trabajadores. Nuestro objetivo principal es caracterizar los diferentes ámbitos laborales en los que se desempeñan los inmigrantes bolivianos en la ciudad de Córdoba y conceptualizar las relaciones inter e intra culturales que se dan en ese marco, teniendo en cuenta la incidencia de: las redes migratorias, las trayectorias migratorias y laborales, y la heterogeneidad de los capitales de los inmigrantes; la localización socio-espacial de los lugares de trabajo y de otros espacios de sociabilidad; y, las maneras en que diversos agentes reproducen o confrontan los estereotipos sobre los bolivianos. Se aplicará una estrategia de triangulación de métodos y de técnicas. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo analizaremos los aspectos socio-demográficos de la población de origen boliviano que reside en la ciudad de Córdoba, teniendo en cuenta su inserción laboral y ubicación socio-espacial en áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas. Se analizarán periódicos de edición provincial y aquellos editados por organizaciones de inmigrantes bolivianos en Córdoba y en Buenos Aires. Se caracterizarán las acciones y políticas destinadas a inmigrantes bolivianos. Se realizarán estudios etnográficos de casos en las áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas en donde residen y/o trabajan inmigrantes bolivianos. Se desarrollarán talleres destinados a inmigrantes bolivianos con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre sus derechos laborales y sus derechos como inmigrantes.Fil: Pizarro, Cynthia Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Silvia Esther. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Conrero, Sofía. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina