10 research outputs found
Photochemical and Nonphotochemical Transformations of Cysteine with Dissolved Organic Matter
Cysteine
(Cys) plays numerous key roles in the biogeochemistry
of natural waters. Despite its importance, a full assessment of Cys
abiotic transformation kinetics, products and pathways under environmental
conditions has not been conducted. This study is a mechanistic evaluation
of the photochemical and nonphotochemical (dark) transformations of
Cys in solutions containing chromophoric dissolved organic matter
(CDOM). The results show that Cys underwent abiotic transformations
under both dark and irradiated conditions. Under dark conditions,
the transformation rates of Cys were moderate and were highly pH-
and temperature-dependent. Under UVA or natural sunlight irradiations,
Cys transformation rates were enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude
compared to rates under dark conditions. Product analysis indicated
cystine and cysteine sulfinic acid were the major photooxidation products.
In addition, this study provides an assessment of the contributions
of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and triplet
dissolved organic matter to the CDOM-sensitized photochemical oxidation
of Cys. The results suggest that another unknown pathway was dominant
in the CDOM-sensitized photodegradation of Cys, which will require
further study to identify
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources database 1 January 2009-30 April 2009
International audienceThis article documents the addition of 283 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Agalinis acuta; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Berula erecta; Casuarius casuarius; Cercospora zeae-maydis; Chorthippus parallelus; Conyza canadensis; Cotesia sesamiae; Epinephelus acanthistius; Ficedula hypoleuca; Grindelia hirsutula; Guadua angustifolia; Leucadendron rubrum; Maritrema novaezealandensis; Meretrix meretrix; Nilaparvata lugens; Oxyeleotris marmoratus; Phoxinus neogaeus; Pristomyrmex punctatus; Pseudobagrus brevicorpus; Seiridium cardinale; Stenopsyche marmorata; Tetranychus evansi and Xerus inauris. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Agalinis decemloba; Agalinis tenella; Agalinis obtusifolia; Agalinis setacea; Agalinis skinneriana; Cercospora zeina; Cercospora kikuchii; Cercospora sorghi; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Setosphaeria turcica; Magnaporthe oryzae; Cotesia flavipes; Cotesia marginiventris; Grindelia Xpaludosa; Grindelia chiloensis; Grindelia fastigiata; Grindelia lanceolata; Grindelia squarrosa; Leucadendron coniferum; Leucadendron salicifolium; Leucadendron tinctum; Leucadendron meridianum; Laodelphax striatellus; Sogatella furcifera; Phoxinus eos; Phoxinus rigidus; Phoxinus brevispinosus; Phoxinus bicolor; Tetranychus urticae; Tetranychus turkestani; Tetranychus ludeni; Tetranychus neocaledonicus; Tetranychus amicus; Amphitetranychus viennensis; Eotetranychus rubiphilus; Eotetranychus tiliarium; Oligonychus perseae; Panonychus citri; Bryobia rubrioculus; Schizonobia bundi; Petrobia harti; Xerus princeps; Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and Sciurus carolinensis
The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major crop plant and a model system for fruit development. Solanum is one of the largest angiosperm genera1 and includes annual and perennial plants from diverse habitats. Here we present a high-quality genome sequence of domesticated tomato, a draft sequence of its closest wild relative, Solanum pimpinellifolium2, and compare them to each other and to the potato genome (Solanum tuberosum). The two tomato genomes show only 0.6% nucleotide divergence and signs of recent admixture, but show more than 8% divergence from potato, with nine large and several smaller inversions. In contrast to Arabidopsis, but similar to soybean, tomato and potato small RNAs map predominantly to gene-rich chromosomal regions, including gene promoters. The Solanum lineage has experienced two consecutive genome triplications: one that is ancient and shared with rosids, and a more recent one. These triplications set the stage for the neofunctionalization of genes controlling fruit characteristics, such as colour and fleshiness