Inserción del eje transversal de gestión Integral de Riesgo y cambio Climático en las asignaturas de Seminario de formación integral y Sostenibilidad I, de las carreras de Administración de Empresa y Turismo Sostenible ambas del turno diurno.

La UNAN Managua, a través de la FAREM Estelí, ha tomado la iniciativa de capacitar a los docentes en las temáticas de inserción de ejes transversales, Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático en las asignaturas que imparten en las diferentes carreras, para sensibilizar a la comunidad universitaria y contribuir al cambio de actitud frente al deterioro del medio ambiente. Para valorar la transversalización se utilizó la metodología de investigación acción, iniciando con un diagnóstico dirigido a docentes para conocer sus experiencias y a los estudiantes para valorar sus conocimientos previos en estas temáticas, encontrándose docentes preparados a través de capacitaciones y diplomados, encontramos y a los/as estudiantes que carecían de conocimientos en las mismas

Estimación y validación de un modelo econométrico para filtrado de mensajes basados en la minería de textos y análisis de opiniones en redes sociales

Mi trabajo ha constado en el desarrollo de un procedimiento que rastree redes sociales con la finalidad de buscar los mensajes publicados en la red en concreto de Twitter, en relación a una empresa determinada, ASOS en este caso, de manera que seleccione de forma automática aquellos a los que los responsables de dicha organización deberían prestar atención.<br /

Estrategias para el tratamiento del dolor neuropático. Evaluación de la eficacia de los fármacos antiepilépticos.

En la actualidad un 15-25% de los pacientes con dolor crónico presenta dolor neuropático, siendo la neuropatía diabética dolorosa y la neuralgia postherpética los síndromes más prevalentes. La Asociación Internacional para el Estudio del Dolor (IASP) define el dolor neuropático como aquel causado por una lesión o enfermedad que afecta al sistema somatosensorial. Esta lesión origina una serie de cambios desadaptativos en las neuronas que forman parte de la vías ascendentes y descendentes de transmisión nociceptiva. Aunque el tratamiento basado en los mecanismos de producción del dolor es aceptado como teóricamente mejor que el tratamiento basado en la causa, constituye un paradigma difícil de aplicar en la práctica clínica. Las líneas de tratamiento no están bien establecidas, pero la revisión de las últimas guías de práctica clínica y los ensayos clínicos más recientes nos permiten incluir como primera línea de tratamiento los antiepilépticos gabapentina y pregabalina, los IRSN (duloxetina/venafaxina) y los antidepresivos tricíclicos, siendo fármacos de segunda línea el tramadol, el parche de lidocaína al 5% y el parche de capsaicina al 8%. Finalmente, los opioides mayores, como consecuencia de sus efectos secundarios, constituirían la tercera línea de tratamiento. Mención aparte merece la carbamacepina como primera indicación en la neuralgia del trigémino. El tratamiento deberá individualizarse según las características propias de cada paciente, basándose en la eficacia y el perfil de efectos secundarios de los fármacos.<br /

Preparations for Invasion: Modulation of Host Lung Immunity During Pulmonary Aspergillosis by Gliotoxin and Other Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a severe infectious disease caused by some members of the Aspergillus genus, that affects immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients. Among the different disease forms, Invasive Aspergillosis is the one causing the highest mortality, mainly, although not exclusively, affecting neutropenic patients. This genus is very well known by humans, since different sectors like pharmaceutical or food industry have taken advantage of the biological activity of some molecules synthetized by the fungus, known as secondary metabolites, including statins, antibiotics, fermentative compounds or colorants among others. However, during infection, in response to a hostile host environment, the fungal secondary metabolism is activated, producing different virulence factors to increase its survival chances. Some of these factors also contribute to fungal dissemination and invasion of adjacent and distant organs. Among the different secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. Gliotoxin (GT) is the best known and better characterized virulence factor. It is able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the disulfide bridge present in its structure. It also presents immunosuppressive activity related with its ability to kill mammalian cells and/or inactivate critical immune signaling pathways like NFkB. In this comprehensive review, we will briefly give an overview of the lung immune response against Aspergillus as a preface to analyse the effect of different secondary metabolites on the host immune response, with a special attention to GT. We will discuss the results reported in the literature on the context of the animal models employed to analyse the role of GT as virulence factor, which is expected to greatly depend on the immune status of the host: why should you hide when nobody is seeking for you? Finally, GT immunosuppressive activity will be related with different human diseases predisposing to invasive aspergillosis in order to have a global view on the potential of GT to be used as a target to treat IA

Proyecto ecoturístico integrado en la Reserva Natural El Tisey - La Estanzuela

El presente proyecto realizado en la Reserva Natural El Tisey-La Estanzuela en la República de Nicaragua pretende mejorar la situación de dicha Reserva como destino ecoturístico. Mediante una descripción exhaustiva del área y una valoración de los recursos y servicios turísticos, se ha planteado la problemática para el desarrollo del ecoturismo. Según la OMT, el ecoturismo es un tipo de turismo sostenible que se realiza en espacios naturales protegidos para conocer la flora y fauna características. Debe satisfacer las necesidades de los turistas y de los autóctonos, al mismo tiempo que protege y mejora las oportunidades de futuro y se respeta la integridad cultural, los procesos ecológicos, la diversidad biológica y los sistemas de apoyo a la vida. En base a ésto y a los resultados obtenidos tanto de la valoración de los servicios y recursos como del análisis DAFO, se han propuesto un conjunto de mejoras y se ha realizado un plan de actuación, que se trata de la elaboración de cuatro itinerarios así como de trípticos informativos, que de llevarse a cabo, mejorarían las condiciones turísticas y de seguro que aumentaría la afluencia de turistas.El present projecte realitzat en la Reserva Natural El Tisey-La Estanzuela a la República de Nicaragua pretén millorar la situació d'aquesta Reserva com a destí ecoturístic. Mitjançant una descripció exhaustiva de l'àrea y una valoració dels recursos i serveis turístics, s'ha plantejat la problemàtica per al desenvolupament de l'ecoturisme. Segons la OMT, l'ecoturisme és un tipus de turisme sostenible que es realitza en espais naturals protegits per a conèixer la flora i la fauna característiques. Ha de satisfer les necessitats dels turistes i dels autòctons, alhora que protegeix i millora les oportunitats de futur i es respecta la integritat cultural, els processos ecològics, la diversitat biològica i els sistemes de suport a la vida. En base a això i als resultats obtinguts tant de la valoració dels serveis i recursos com de l'anàlisi DAFO, s'han proposat un conjunt de millores i s'ha realitzat un pla d'actuació, que es tracte de l'elaboració de quatre itineraris així com de tríptics informatius, que si es duguessin a terme, millorarien les condicions turístiques i augmentarien l'afluència de turistes.The present project realized in the Natural Reserve El Tisey-La Estanzuela in the Republic of Nicaragua tries to improve the situation of the Reserve as an ecoturistic destination. Through an exhaustive description of the area and a valuation of the resources and tourist services the problematic of the development of the ecotourism has been described. According to the OMT, ecotourism is a type of sustainable tourism that is realized in natural protected areas to know the typical flora and fauna. It must satisfy the needs of the tourists and of the autochthonous ones, at the same time as it protects and improves the opportunities of future and it respects the cultural integrity, the ecological processes, the biological diversity and the systems of support to the life. On the basis of this and of the results obtained with the valuation of the services and resources, as of the analysis DAFO, it has been proposed a set of improvements and it has been realized an action plan, which treats itself about the elaboration of four itineraries as well as of informative triptychs, that if they were carried out, they would improve the tourist conditions, so the tourists' abundance would increase too

Preservação da fertilidade em oncologia: uma necessidade cada vez mais premente

A preservação da fertilidade em pacientes oncológicas tornou-se um tema de grande importância devido aos avanços no tratamento do câncer, que aumentaram significativamente a sobrevida dessas pacientes. Muitos dos tratamentos utilizados, como a quimioterapia e a radioterapia, podem causar danos aos ovários e reduzir a fertilidade. Portanto, é fundamental oferecer opções de preservação da fertilidade a essas pacientes antes do início do tratamento oncológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar as principais estratégias de preservação da fertilidade em pacientes oncológicas, avaliando sua eficácia e segurança, bem como discutir as questões éticas e psicossociais relacionadas a esse tema. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura através de estudos atualizados sobre preservação da fertilidade em pacientes oncológicas, incluindo estudos clínicos, revisões sistemáticas e diretrizes de sociedades médicas relevantes. Foram utilizadas bases de dados eletrônicas, como PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs, através de termos relacionados à infertilidade e oncologia. As estratégias de preservação da fertilidade em pacientes oncológicas têm demonstrado ser eficazes na manutenção da fertilidade e na melhoria da qualidade de vida dessas pacientes. A criopreservação de óvulos e embriões tem se mostrado segura e eficaz, permitindo que as pacientes realizem tratamentos de reprodução assistida após a conclusão do tratamento oncológico. Além disso, a utilização de inibidores da função ovariana durante a quimioterapia e a transposição dos ovários para um local fora do campo de irradiação durante radioterapia pélvica têm se mostrado também uma opção viável. A preservação da fertilidade em pacientes oncológicas é uma necessidade cada vez mais premente, pois permite que essas pacientes tenham a oportunidade de realizar o sonho da maternidade após o tratamento do câncer. Portanto, é fundamental que os profissionais de saúde estejam atentos a essa questão e ofereçam opções de preservação da fertilidade a todas as pacientes em idade fértil que serão submetidas a tratamento oncológico

Adoptive NK cell transfer as a treatment in colorectal cancer patients: analyses of tumour cell determinants correlating with efficacy in vitro and in vivo

6 figures.-- Supplementary material available.Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with variable mutational profile and tumour microenvironment composition that influence tumour progression and response to treatment. While chemoresistant and poorly immunogenic CRC remains a challenge, the development of new strategies guided by biomarkers could help stratify and treat patients. Allogeneic NK cell transfer emerges as an alternative against chemoresistant and poorly immunogenic CRC.Methods: NK cell-related immunological markers were analysed by transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry in human CRC samples and correlated with tumour progression and overall survival. The anti-tumour ability of expanded allogeneic NK cells using a protocol combining cytokines and feeder cells was analysed in vitro and in vivo and correlated with CRC mutational status and the expression of ligands for immune checkpoint (IC) receptors regulating NK cell activity.Results: HLA-I downmodulation and NK cell infiltration correlated with better overall survival in patients with a low-stage (II) microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRC, suggesting a role of HLA-I as a prognosis biomarker and a potential benefit of NK cell immunotherapy. Activated allogeneic NK cells were able to eliminate CRC cultures without PD-1 and TIM-3 restriction but were affected by HLA-I expression. In vivo experiments confirmed the efficacy of the therapy against both HLA+ and HLA− CRC cell lines. Concomitant administration of pembrolizumab failed to improve tumour control.Conclusions: Our results reveal an immunological profile of CRC tumours in which immunogenicity (MSI-H) and immune evasion mechanisms (HLA downmodulation) favour NK cell immunosurveillance at early disease stages. Accordingly, we have shown that allogeneic NK cell therapy can target tumours expressing mutations conferring poor prognosis regardless of the expression of T cell-related inhibitory IC ligands. Overall, this study provides a rationale for a new potential basis for CRC stratification and NK cell-based therapy.Work in the JP laboratory is funded by ASPANOA, CIBER (CB 2021; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación and Union Europea.NextGenerationEU), Fundacion Inocente, Carrera de la Mujer Monzón, FEDER/Gobierno de Aragón (Group B29_17R), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación e Universidades (MCNU), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (SAF2017‐83120‐C2‐1‐R and PID2020-113963RB-I00). Predoctoral grants/contracts from Gobierno de Aragon (IU-M and JP) are supported by ARAID Foundation. EG is funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCNU), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2020-113963RB-I00). MA and LS are funded by Postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva Contract. SR, LC, SH, and IU-M are funded by predoctoral contracts from Aragon Government. PL is funded by FPU predoctoral grants from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación e Universidades. Work at the Catalan Institute of Oncology is funded by the entity, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, and co-funded by FEDER funds—a way to build Europe (PI20/00767), CIBERESP (grant CB07/02/2005), H2020 grant MoTriColor, and the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of the Catalan Government grant 2017SGR723. This work is supported by COST Action CA17118.Peer reviewe

Base de datos de abejas ibéricas

Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los cuales un 87% presentan información georreferenciada. Para cada registro se incluye información relativa a la localidad de muestreo (89%), identificador y colector de la especie (64%), fecha de captura (54%) y planta donde se recolectó (20%). Creemos que esta base de datos es el punto de partida para conocer y conservar mejor la biodiversidad de abejas en la península ibérica e Islas Baleares. Se puede acceder a estos datos a través del siguiente enlace permanente: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354502ABSTRACT: Bees are a diverse group with more than 1000 species known from the Iberian Peninsula. They have increasingly received special attention due to their important role as pollinators and providers of ecosystem services. In addition, various rapid human-induced environmental changes are leading to the decline of some of its populations. However, we know very little about the conservation status of most species and for many species, we hardly know their true distributions across the Iberian Peninsula. Here, we present a collaborative effort to collate and curate a database of Iberian bee occurrences to answer questions about their distribution, habitat preference, phenology, or historical trends. In total we have accumulated 87 684 records from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands of 923 different species with 87% of georeferenced records collected between 1830 and 2022. In addition, each record has associated information such as the sampling location (89%), collector and person who identified the species (64%), date of the capture (54%) and plant species where the bees were captured (20%). We believe that this database is the starting point to better understand and conserve bee biodiversity in the Iberian Peninsula. It can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354502Esta base de datos se ha realizado con la ayuda de los proyectos EUCLIPO (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028360/EUCLIPO) y SAFEGUARD (ref. 101003476 H2020 -SFS-2019-2).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Extreme genome diversity in the hyper-prevalent parasitic eukaryote Blastocystis

Blastocystis is the most prevalent eukaryotic microbe colonizing the human gut, infecting approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide. Although Blastocystis has been linked to intestinal disorders, its pathogenicity remains controversial because most carriers are asymptomatic. Here, the genome sequence of Blastocystis subtype (ST) 1 is presented and compared to previously published sequences for ST4 and ST7. Despite a conserved core of genes, there is unexpected diversity between these STs in terms of their genome sizes, guanine-cytosine (GC) content, intron numbers, and gene content. ST1 has 6,544 protein-coding genes, which is several hundred more than reported for ST4 and ST7. The percentage of proteins unique to each ST ranges from 6.2% to 20.5%, greatly exceeding the differences observed within parasite genera. Orthologous proteins also display extreme divergence in amino acid sequence identity between STs (i.e., 59%–61%median identity), on par with observations of the most distantly related species pairs of parasite genera. The STs also display substantial variation in gene family distributions and sizes, especially for protein kinase and protease gene families, which could reflect differences in virulence. It remains to be seen to what extent these inter-ST differences persist at the intra-ST level. A full 26% of genes in ST1 have stop codons that are created on the mRNA level by a novel polyadenylation mechanism found only in Blastocystis. Reconstructions of pathways and organellar systems revealed that ST1 has a relatively complete membrane-trafficking system and a near-complete meiotic toolkit, possibly indicating a sexual cycle. Unlike some intestinal protistan parasites, Blastocystis ST1 has near-complete de novo pyrimidine, purine, and thiamine biosynthesis pathways and is unique amongst studied stramenopiles in being able to metabolize ?-glucans rather than ?-glucans. It lacks all genes encoding heme-containing cytochrome P450 proteins. Predictions of the mitochondrion-related organelle (MRO) proteome reveal an expanded repertoire of functions, including lipid, cofactor, and vitamin biosynthesis, as well as proteins that may be involved in regulating mitochondrial morphology and MRO/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. In sharp contrast, genes for peroxisome-associated functions are absent, suggesting Blastocystis STs lack this organelle. Overall, this study provides an important window into the biology of Blastocystis, showcasing significant differences between STs that can guide future experimental investigations into differences in their virulence and clarifying the roles of these organisms in gut health and disease