Modeling of text and discourse worlds

The article deals with the author’s algorithm for modeling both text and discourse worlds. The importance of modeling in the contemporary linguistic paradigm is prove

Muon-Spin Rotation and Magnetization Studies of Chemical and Hydrostatic Pressure Effects in EuFe2(As1− x P x )2

The magnetic phase diagram of EuFe2(As1−x P x )2 was investigated by means of magnetization and muon-spin rotation (μSR) studies as a function of chemical (isovalent substitution of As by P) and hydrostatic pressure. The magnetic phase diagrams of the magnetic ordering of the Eu and Fe spins with respect to P content and hydrostatic pressure are determined and discussed. The present investigations reveal that the magnetic coupling between the Eu and the Fe sublattices strongly depends on chemical and hydrostatic pressure. It is found that chemical and hydrostatic pressures have a similar effect on the Eu and Fe magnetic orde

Study of ATLAS sensitivity to FCNC top decays

The ATLAS experiment sensitivity to top quark Flavour Changing Neutral Current (FCNC) decays was studied at LHC using ttbar events. While one of the top quarks is expected to follow the dominant Standard Model decay t->bW, the other decays through a FCNC channel, i.e. t-> Z u(c), t-> gamma u(c) or t-> g u(c). Different types of analyses, applied to each FCNC decay mode, were compared. The FCNC branching ratio sensitivity (assuming a 5sigma signal significance) and 95% confidence level limits on the branching ratios (in the hypothesis of signal absence) were obtained

Muon-spin rotation and magnetization studies of chemical and hydrostatic pressure effects in EuFe_{2}(As_{1-x}P_{x})_{2}

The magnetic phase diagram of EuFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$ was investigated by means of magnetization and muon-spin rotation studies as a function of chemical (isovalent substitution of As by P) and hydrostatic pressure. The magnetic phase diagrams of the magnetic ordering of the Eu and Fe spins with respect to P content and hydrostatic pressure are determined and discussed. The present investigations reveal that the magnetic coupling between the Eu and the Fe sublattices strongly depends on chemical and hydrostatic pressure. It is found that chemical and hydrostatic pressure have a similar effect on the Eu and Fe magnetic order.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure

Определение подлинности куркумы

The paper examines the problem of the composition instability in the ready ground spice, turmeric. Analysis of the prevalent methods for turmeric adulteration and substances used for these purposes is given. The visual assessment of color tints of the turmeric root, spices containing it and chemical dyes based on chromium salts is presented. The studies on determination of the lead and chromium content were carried out to study the content of these metals and test the hypothesis of using lead chromate as a dye in adulteration of turmeric. Using the method of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was found that the lead content in the analyzed turmeric samples varied from 1.72 ± 0.58 to 5.03 ± 1.80 mg/kg, while the chromium content was in a range of 5.56 ± 0.85 to 16.15 ± 2.32 mg/kg. As a result of species specific PCR, wheat DNA was revealed in all purchased samples of ground turmeric. The levels of the main raw material replacement were established, which were 0.14% to 14.95% with the correlation coefficient close to 100%; efficiency of the reaction was 1.95, which was 97.5% when expressed as percentage. These levels of an undeclared allergen in the product composition can cause a serious allergic reaction. The authors tested the hypothesis of introduction of sodium and potassium salts for correction of the color spectrum in the ready spice and its correspondence to the natural color within the color spectrum of turmeric. As a result of the complex study of the spice composition, quite high values of chromium were found, presumably not only from the lead chromate compound but also from chromic acid salts, as the high level of potassium that significantly exceeded the native content of this element was found.В работе рассмотрена проблематика нестабильности состава готовой молотой специи — куркума. Дан анализ наиболее распространенных способов фальсификации куркумы и веществ, применяемых для этих целей. Дана визуальная оценка цветовых оттенков корня куркумы, специй ее содержащих и химических красителей на основе солей хрома. Проведены исследования по содержанию свинца и хрома, с целью изучения содержания этих металлов и проверки гипотезы использования хромата свинца в качестве красителя при фальсификации куркумы. Методом электротермической атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии установлено, что содержание свинца в исследованных образцах куркумы изменялось в пределах от 1,72 ± 0,58 до 5,03 ± 1,80 мг/кг, а содержание хрома варьировалось в диапазоне от 5,56 ± 0,85 до 16,15 ± 2,32 мг/кг. В результате проведения видоспецифической ПЦР была выявлена ДНК пшеницы во всех закупленных образцах молотой куркумы. Установлены уровни подмены основного сырья, которые составили от 0,14% до 14,95% с коэффициентом корреляции близким к 100%, эффективность реакции составила 1,95 что в процентном отношении составляет 97,5%. Такие уровни незаявленного в составе продукта аллергена могут вызывать серьезную аллергическую реакцию. Проверена гипотеза внесения солей натрия и калия, для коррекции цветовой гаммы готовой специи и соответствия ее натуральному цвету цветовой гамме куркумы. В результате комплексного изучения состава специи, обнаружены достаточно высокие значения хрома, предположительно не только из соединения хромата свинца, но и солей хромовой кислоты, т. к. было обнаружено высокое значение металла калия, значительно превышающее нативное содержание данного элемента

Cost of TB services in the public and private sectors in Georgia (No 2)

BACKGROUND: Patient-centred care along with optimal financing of inpatient and outpatient services are the main priorities of the Georgia National TB Programme (NTP). This paper presents TB diagnostics and treatment unit cost, their comparison with NTP tariffs and how the study findings informed TB financing policy.METHODS: Top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) mean unit costs for TB interventions by episode of care were calculated. TD costs were compared with NTP tariffs, and variations in these and the unit costs cost composition between public and private facilities was assessed.RESULTS: Outpatient interventions costs exceeded NTP tariffs. Unit costs in private facilities were higher compared with public providers. There was very little difference between per-day costs for drug-susceptible treatment and NTP tariffs in case of inpatient services. Treatment day financing exceeded actual costs in the capital (public facility) for drug-resistant TB, and this was lower in the regions.CONCLUSION: Use of reliable unit costs for TB services at policy discussions led to a shift from per-day payment to a diagnosis-related group model in TB inpatient financing in 2020. A next step will be informing policy decisions on outpatient TB care financing to reduce the existing gap between funding and costs

Allergy education and training for physicians.

The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases has placed a significant burden on global healthcare and society as whole. This has necessitated a rapid development of "allergy" as a specialist area. However, as allergy is so common and, for most, relatively easy to diagnose and control, all clinicians need to have basic knowledge and competence  to manage  mild disease and recognize when referral is required. The allergology specialty has not yet been recognized in many countries and even where allergy is fully recognized as a specialty, the approach to training in allergy differs significantly. In the light of recent developments in allergy diagnosis and management, there is an urgent need to harmonize core competences for physicians, as well as the standardization of core principles for medical education and post-graduate training in allergy. All physicians and allied health professionals must appreciate the multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to allergy, which is key to achieving the highest standards in holistic care. Due to worldwide variation in resources and personnel, some MDT roles will need to be absorbed by the treating physician or other healthcare professionals. We draw particular attention to the role of psychological input for all allergy patients, dietetic input in the case of food allergy and patient education to support all patients in the supported self-management of their condition on a daily basis. A strong appreciation of these multidisciplinary aspects will help physicians provide quality patient-centered care. We consider that harmonization of allergy components within undergraduate curricula is crucial to ensure all physicians develop the appropriate allergy-related knowledge and skills, particularly in light of inconsistencies seen in the primary care management of allergy. This review from the World Allergy Organization (WAO) Education and Training Committee also outlines allergy-related competences required of physicians working with allergic patients and provides recommendations to promote harmonization of allergy training and practice worldwide

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal