New naphtho[1,8-ef]perimidines: synthesis, fluorescence studies and application for detection of nitroanalytes

A rational approach to the synthesis of substituted naphtho[1,8-ef]perimidines based on SNH methodology and cyclization  reaction in the series of condensed azines with naphthalene substituents was presented. Photophysical properties of the obtained fluorophores were studied, in particular, green fluorescence in the 485–536 nm range with quantum yield up to 32.4% was detected. HOMO-LUMO energy values and distributions for the new compounds were calculated by the DFT method in comparison with nitroanalytes and perylene. Based on the data obtained, as well as on the results of fluorescence titration, the possibility of using the new diazaperylenes as potential chemosensors for the visual detection of nitro-containing explosives was shown

(Mechano)synthesis of azomethine- and terpyridine-linked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers

Three efficient synthetic approaches towards new azomethine- and terpyridine-containing 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (diketopyrrolopyrrole, DPP) based polymers, such as P1 and P2, are reported. The first approach involves the Pd-catalyzed synthesis via two- or three-component Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling reaction in solution. The second approach involves Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction under ball-milling conditions. And, finally, the third approach involves Pd-free condensation reaction under ball-milling conditions. The newly obtained polymers exhibited absorbance around 700 nm and emission around 900 nm, and, thus, these polymers are considered to be NIR-fluorophores

Особенности ДНК-идентификации потожировых следов на кожных покровах трупов

The paper presents the results of a pilot molecular genetic study of sweat and oil residue left by the fingertips and hand palms of male volunteers (donors) on various regions of the skin surface of dead bodies (recipients) of both sexes. In cases of contact with female recipients donor-specific allele combinations were obtained for only 11.6% of autosomal loci and 12.9% of Y-chromosomal loci. Donor-specific traits were absent in 68.4% of autosomal loci and 87.1% of Y-chromosomal loci. In cases of contact with male recipients the full genetic profile was obtained for 18.6% of autosomal loci, and 64.2% of loci showed a lack of donor-specific alleles. Meanwhile, allelic combinations specific to female recipients were encountered in 40.5% of autosomal loci, and to male recipients – in 34.2% of autosomal loci. Results demonstrate poor adhesion of sweat and oil compounds from donors’ hands to the corpses’ skin, probably due to significant temperature differences between contact surfaces. Представлены результаты экспериментального молекулярно-генетического исследования следов потожирового вещества, оставленного подушечками пальцев рук и ладонями добровольцев (доноров) мужского пола на кожных покровах различных частей тел трупов (реципиентов) обоего пола. Аллельные комбинации, свойственные донорам, при контакте с реципиентами женского пола получены только для 11,6 % аутосомных локусов и 12,9 % локусов Y-хромосомы. В 68,4 % аутосомных и 87,1 % локусов Y-хромосомы отсутствовали генетические признаки, присущие донорам. В случае контакта доноров с реципиентами мужского пола полный генетический профиль получен для 18,6 % аутосомных локусов, а в 64,2 % отсутствовали свойственные донорам аллели. При этом аллельные комбинации, свойственные реципиентам женского пола, встречались в 40,5 %, а реципиентам мужского пола – в 34,2 % аутосомных локусов. Полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать о слабой адгезии потожирового вещества доноров на кожных покровах трупов, вероятно, из-за высокой разницы температур контактирующих поверхностей

Атриовентрикулярная (предсердножелудочковая) блокада у детей

Rhythm and conduction disorders of the heart occupy one of the leading places in the structure of cardiovascular pathology in children. Atrioventricular block is the slowing down or loss of impulses from the atria to the ventricles. The team of authors presents clinical guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, including all stages of diagnosis and treatment of children with atrioventricular block. The use of guidelines in clinical practice will allow to choose the best strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of atrioventricular block for each individual patient.Нарушения ритма и проводимости сердца занимают одно из ведущих мест в структуре сердечно-сосудистой патологии у детей. Атриовентрикулярная блокада представляет собой замедление или прекращение проведения импульсов со стороны предсердий на желудочки. Коллектив авторов представляет разработанные на основании принципов доказательной медицины клинические рекомендации, включающие все этапы диагностики и лечения детей с атриовентрикулярной блокадой. Использование рекомендаций в клинической практике позволит осуществлять выбор наилучшей стратегии в диагностике и лечении атриовентрикулярной блокады у конкретного пациента

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All collapsed and paired-end sequence data for samples sequenced in this study are available in compressed fastq format through the European Nucleotide Archive under accession number PRJEB44430, together with rescaled and trimmed bam sequence alignments against both the nuclear and mitochondrial horse reference genomes. Previously published ancient data used in this study are available under accession numbers PRJEB7537, PRJEB10098, PRJEB10854, PRJEB22390 and PRJEB31613, and detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The genomes of ten modern horses, publicly available, were also accessed as indicated in their corresponding original publications57,61,85-87.NOTE: see the published version available via the DOI in this record for the full list of authorsDomestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture