Relationship between musical and linguistic abilities in patients with aphasia

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between musical and linguistic abilities in patients with aphasia. We reviewed the clinical records of 32 stroke patients with aphasia admitted to subacute rehabilitation units between May 2014 and August 2018. We analyzed the results of melody and rhythm reproduction tests and subtests of auditory comprehension and speech sections in the Standard Language Test of Aphasia （SLTA） collected upon admission and discharge. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient （rs） was used to analyze the correlation between 1）the increase in melody reproduction test scores and SLTA auditory comprehension subtest scores, 2）the increase in melody reproduction test scores and SLTA speech subtest scores, 3）the increase in rhythm reproduction test scores and SLTA auditory comprehension subtest scores, and 4）the increase in rhythm reproduction test scores and SLTA speech subtest scores. There were significant positive correlations between melody reproduction and auditory comprehension subtest scores on the SLTA: “word comprehension” （n＝14, rs＝0.57, p＜0.05） and “following verbal instructions” （n＝31, rs＝0.42, p＜0.05）. An SLTA speech subtest score—action naming—was positively correlated with rhythm reproduction （n＝31, rs＝0.44, p＜0.05）. This study implies that melody reproduction ability is related to auditory comprehension and that rhythm reproduction ability is related to speech production in patients with aphasia after experiencing a stroke

Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for multicomponent reactions

[EN] Organic synthesis performed through multicomponent reactions is an attractive area of research in organic chemistry. Multicomponent reactions involve more than two starting reagents that couple in an exclusive ordered mode under the same reaction conditions to form a single product which contains the essential parts of the starting materials. Multicomponent reactions are powerful tools in modern drug discovery processes, because they are an important source of molecular diversity, allowing rapid, automated and high throughput generation of organic compounds. This review aims to illustrate progress in a large variety of catalyzed multicomponent reactions performed with acid, base and metal heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Within each type of multicomponent approach, relevant products that can be obtained and their interest for industrial applications are presented.The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the Generalitat Valenciana for the financial support in the project CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 (CSD2009-00050)Climent Olmedo, MJ.; Corma Canós, A.; Iborra Chornet, S. (2012). Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for multicomponent reactions. RSC Advances. 2(1):16-58. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ra00807bS16582