Heteroatom substitution effects in spin crossover dinuclear complexes

We probe the effect of heteroatom substitution on the spin crossover (SCO) properties of dinuclear materials of the type [Fe2(NCX)4(R-trz)5]·S (X = S, Se; S = solvent; R-trz = (E)-N-(furan-2-ylmethylene)- 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (furtrz); (E)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-amine (thtrz)). For the furtrz family ([Fe2(NCX)4(furtrz)5]·furtrz·MeOH; X = S (furtrz-S) and X = Se (furtrz-Se)) gradual and incomplete one-step SCO transitions are observed (furtrz-S (T1/2 = 172 K) and furtrz-Se (T1/2 = 205 K)) and a structural evolution from [HS-HS] to [HS-LS] per dinuclear species. Contrasting this, within the thtrz family ([Fe2(NCX)4(thtrz)5]·4MeOH; X = S (thtrz-S) and X = Se (thtrz-Se)) more varied SCO transitions are observed, with thtrz-S being SCO-inactive (high spin) and thtrz-Se showing a rare complete two-step SCO transition (T1/2(1,2) = 170, 200 K) in which the FeII sites transition from [HS-HS] to [HS-LS] to [LS-LS] per dinuclear unit with no long range ordering of spin-states at the intermediate plateau. Detailed structure- function analyses have been conducted within this growing dinuclear family to rationalise these diverse spin-switching properties

Patients' views and experiences of live supervised tele-exercise classes following bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: The BARI-LIFESTYLE qualitative study.

The BARI-LIFESTYLE trial is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a post-surgery nutritional and behavioural tele-counselling, and supervised exercise programme to maximize the health benefits of bariatric surgery. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the in-person supervised exercise component had to be converted to remote tele-exercise. However, patients' acceptability of this method of exercise provision is unknown. Between 3 and 6 months following bariatric surgery, 13 adults participated in weekly, structured, 60-min supervised exercise classes delivered via Zoom by a trained exercise therapist. A total of 12 participants (n = 8 female), with a mean age of 46.3 (range 33-63) years, who had undergone either sleeve gastrectomy (n = 8) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 4) surgery, participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews following the tele-exercise classes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants described how the tele-exercise classes helped them to cope with the changes to their lives brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants found the tele-exercise schedule, content and intensity to be acceptable, and were satisfied with the privacy, security and safety of the technology and classes. Professional supervision and guidance from an exercise therapist were described as central to the tele-exercise provision. Importantly, participation in the tele-exercise provided physical, emotional and social benefits. Few participants reported barriers to participation. Overall, the tele-exercise classes were deemed acceptable and compared favourably to in-person exercise classes

Impact of nutritional-behavioral and supervised exercise intervention following bariatric surgery: The BARI-LIFESTYLE randomized controlled trial

Objective: The study's aim was to investigate the impact of a 12-month adjunctive lifestyle intervention on weight loss and health outcomes after bariatric surgery.// Methods: A total of 153 participants (78.4% females; mean [SD], age 44.2 [10.6] years; BMI 42.4 [5.7] kg/m2) were randomized to intervention (n = 79) and control (n = 74). The BARI-LIFESTYLE program combined 17 nutritional-behavioral tele-counseling sessions plus once-weekly supervised exercise for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was percentage weight loss at 6 months post surgery. Secondary outcomes included body composition, physical activity levels, physical function and strength, health-related quality of life, depressive symptomatology, and comorbidities.// Results: Longitudinal analysis of the entire cohort showed significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mineral density at the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine (all p  0.05). There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the intervention versus control (20.4% vs. 21.2%; mean difference = −0.8%; 95% CI: −2.8 to 1.1; p > 0.05) and no between-group differences in secondary outcomes.// Conclusions: An adjunctive lifestyle program implemented immediately after surgery had no favorable impact upon weight loss and health outcomes

Exploring parkrun as a social context for collective health practices:running with and against the moral imperatives of health responsibilisation

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: WILTSHIRE, G., FULLAGER, S. and STEVINSON, C., 2018. Exploring parkrun as a social context for collective health practices: running with and against the moral imperatives of health responsibilisation.. Sociology of Health and Illness, 40(1), pp. 3–17., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12622. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.Critiques of public health policies to reduce physical inactivity have led to calls for practice-led research and the need to reduce the individualising effects of health promotion discourse. This paper examines how parkrun – an increasingly popular, regular, community-based 5km running event – comes to be understood as a ‘health practice’ that allows individuals to enact contemporary desires for better health in a collective social context. Taking a reflexive analytical approach, we use interview data from a geographically diverse sample of previously inactive parkrun participants (N=19) to explore two themes. First, we argue that parkrun offers a space for ‘collective bodywork’ whereby participants simultaneously enact personal body projects while also experience a sense of being “all in this together” which works to ameliorate certain individualising effects of health responsibilisation. Second, we examine how parkrun figures as a health practice that makes available the subject position of the ‘parkrunner’. In doing so, parkrun enables newly active participants to negotiate discourses of embodied risk to reconcile the otherwise paradoxical experience of being an ‘unfit-runner’. Findings contribute to sociological understandings of health and illness through new insights into the relation between health practices and emerging physical cultures, such as parkrun

A realist synthesis of intentional rounding in hospital wards : exploring the evidence of what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why

ABSTRACT Background: Intentional rounding (IR) is a structured process whereby nurses conduct one to two hourly checks with every patient using a standardised protocol. Objective: A realist synthesis of the evidence on IR was undertaken to develop IR programme theories of what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why. Methods: A three-stage literature search and a stakeholder consultation event was completed. A variety of sources were searched, including AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, HMIC, Google and Google Scholar for published and unpublished literature. In line with realist synthesis methodology, each study’s ‘fitness for purpose’ was assessed by considering its relevance and rigour. Results: A total of 44 papers met the inclusion criteria. To make the programme theories underpinning IR explicit, we identified eight a priori propositions: (1) When implemented in a comprehensive and consistent way, IR improves healthcare quality, satisfaction and reduces potential harms; (2) Embedding IR into daily routine practice gives nurses ‘allocated time to care’; (3) Documenting IR checks increases accountability and raises fundamental standards of care; (4) When workload and staffing levels permit, more frequent nurse-patient contact improves relationships and increases awareness of patient comfort and safety needs; (5) Increasing time when nurses are in the direct vicinity of patients promotes vigilance, provides reassurance and reduces potential harms; (6) More frequent nurse-patient contact enables nurses to anticipate patient needs and take pre-emptive action; (7) IR documentation facilitates teamwork and communication; (8) IR empowers patients to ask for what they need to maintain their comfort and wellbeing. Given the limited evidence base, further research is needed to test and further refine these propositions. Conclusions: Despite widespread use of IR, this paper highlights the paradox that there is ambiguity surrounding its purpose and limited evidence of how it works in practice

The theory of brain-sign: a physical alternative to consciousness

Consciousness and the mind are prescientific concepts that begin with Greek theorizing. They suppose human rationality and reasoning placed in the human head by (in Christian terms) God, who structured the universe he created with the same kind of underlying characteristics. Descartes' development of the model included scientific objectivity by placing the mind outside the physical universe. In its failure under evidential scrutiny and without physical explanation, this model is destined for terminal decline. Instead, a genuine biological and physical function for the brain phenomenon can be developed. This is the theory of brain-sign. It accepts the causality of the brain as its physical characteristics, already under scientific scrutiny. What is needed is a new neurophysiological mapping language that specifies the relation of the structure and operation of the brain to organismic action in the world. Still what is lacking is an account of how neurophysiologies in different organisms communicate on dynamic, i.e. unpredictable, tasks. It is this evolved capacity that has emerged as brain-sign. Thus rather than mentality being an inner epistemological parallel world suddenly appearing in the head, brain-sign, as the neural sign of the causal status of the brain, facilitates the communicative medium of otherwise isolated organisms. The biogenesis of the phenomenon emerges directly from the account of the physical brain, and functions as a monistic feature of organisms in the physical world. This new paradigm offers disciplinary compatibility, and genuine development in behavioral and brain sciences

The rise of consumer health wearables: promises and barriers

Will consumer wearable technology ever be adopted or accepted by the medical community? Patients and practitioners regularly use digital technology (e.g., thermometers and glucose monitors) to identify and discuss symptoms. In addition, a third of general practitioners in the United Kingdom report that patients arrive with suggestions for treatment based on online search results. However, consumer health wearables are predicted to become the next “Dr Google.” One in six (15%) consumers in the United States currently uses wearable technology, including smartwatches or fitness bands. While 19 million fitness devices are likely to be sold this year, that number is predicted to grow to 110 million in 2018. As the line between consumer health wearables and medical devices begins to blur, it is now possible for a single wearable device to monitor a range of medical risk factors. Potentially, these devices could give patients direct access to personal analytics that can contribute to their health, facilitate preventive care, and aid in the management of ongoing illness. However, how this new wearable technology might best serve medicine remains unclea

The SOS-framework (Systems of Sedentary behaviours): an international transdisciplinary consensus framework for the study of determinants, research priorities and policy on sedentary behaviour across the life course: a DEDIPAC-study.

BACKGROUND: Ecological models are currently the most used approaches to classify and conceptualise determinants of sedentary behaviour, but these approaches are limited in their ability to capture the complexity of and interplay between determinants. The aim of the project described here was to develop a transdisciplinary dynamic framework, grounded in a system-based approach, for research on determinants of sedentary behaviour across the life span and intervention and policy planning and evaluation. METHODS: A comprehensive concept mapping approach was used to develop the Systems Of Sedentary behaviours (SOS) framework, involving four main phases: (1) preparation, (2) generation of statements, (3) structuring (sorting and ranking), and (4) analysis and interpretation. The first two phases were undertaken between December 2013 and February 2015 by the DEDIPAC KH team (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity Knowledge Hub). The last two phases were completed during a two-day consensus meeting in June 2015. RESULTS: During the first phase, 550 factors regarding sedentary behaviour were listed across three age groups (i.e., youths, adults and older adults), which were reduced to a final list of 190 life course factors in phase 2 used during the consensus meeting. In total, 69 international delegates, seven invited experts and one concept mapping consultant attended the consensus meeting. The final framework obtained during that meeting consisted of six clusters of determinants: Physical Health and Wellbeing (71% consensus), Social and Cultural Context (59% consensus), Built and Natural Environment (65% consensus), Psychology and Behaviour (80% consensus), Politics and Economics (78% consensus), and Institutional and Home Settings (78% consensus). Conducting studies on Institutional Settings was ranked as the first research priority. The view that this framework captures a system-based map of determinants of sedentary behaviour was expressed by 89% of the participants. CONCLUSION: Through an international transdisciplinary consensus process, the SOS framework was developed for the determinants of sedentary behaviour through the life course. Investigating the influence of Institutional and Home Settings was deemed to be the most important area of research to focus on at present and potentially the most modifiable. The SOS framework can be used as an important tool to prioritise future research and to develop policies to reduce sedentary time