Scalable adaptive label propagation in Grappa

Nodes of a social graph often represent entities with specific labels, denoting properties such as age-group or gender. Design of algorithms to assign labels to unlabeled nodes by leveraging node-proximity and a-priori labels of seed nodes is of significant interest. A semi-supervised approach to solve this problem is termed ``LPA-Label Propagation Algorithm'' where labels of a subset of nodes are iteratively propagated through the network to infer yet unknown node labels. While LPA for node labelling is extremely fast and simple, it works well only with an assumption of node-homophily -- connected nodes are connected because they must deserve a similar label -- which can often be a misnomer. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm ``Adaptive Label Propagation'' that dynamically adapts to the underlying characteristics of homophily, heterophily, or otherwise, of the connections of the network, and applies suitable label propagation strategies accordingly. Moreover, our adaptive label propagation approach is scalable as demonstrated by its implementation in Grappa, a distributed shared-memory system. Our experiments on social graphs from Facebook, YouTube, Live Journal, Orkut and Netlog demonstrate that our approach not only improves the labelling accuracy but also computes results for millions of users within a few seconds

Вплив різних видів анестезіологічного забезпечення на неспецифічну ланку імунітету вагітних під час кесарева розтину

Компоненты хирургической операции – операционная травма, стресс, общая анестезия, кровопотеря, антибактериальная – терапия приводят к снижению защиты иммунной системы и развитию вторичной иммунной недостаточности. В результате операционно-анестезиологического стресса в организме больного возникает состояние иммунодепрессии, которое необходимо нивелировать путем выбора анестетиков, минимально угнетающих иммунные реакции. Такой подход дает возможность разработать и внедрить в клиническую практику оптимальные методы анестезии у беременных. Проведенное исследование показало, что операционный стресс негативно влияет на неспецифический иммунитет беременных. В зависимости от вида анестезии проявления негативного влияния будет различным. Установлено, что спинальная анестезия сопровождается минимальным влиянием на фагоцитарную активность лейкоцитов, а общая анестезия имеет депрессивное влияние, которое сопровождается более пяти дней.Components surgery . surgical trauma, stress, general anesthesia, blood loss, antibiotic . therapy leads to a decrease in defense of the immune system and the development of secondary immune deficiency. As a result of operational and anesthetic stress in the patient.s body a state of immunosuppression, which is necessary to level by selecting the anesthetic minimally depressing the immune response. This approach provides an opportunity to develop and introduce into clinical practice the best methods of anesthesia in pregnant women. The study showed that operational stress affects the nonspecific immunity of pregnant women. Depending on the type of anesthesia, manifestations of the negative impact will be different. Established that spinal anesthesia with a minimum influence on the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and general anesthesia has a depressive effect which is accompanied by more than five days

CD36 Deficiency Leads to Choroidal Involution via COX2 Down-Regulation in Rodents

Florian Sennelaub and colleagues show that CD36 deficiency leads to choroidal involution, a key feature of "dry" age-related macular degeneration, via COX-2 down-regulation in the retinal pigment epithelium

MFGE8 does not influence chorio-retinal homeostasis or choroidal neovascularization in vivo

Purpose: Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFGE8) is necessary for diurnal outer segment phagocytosis and promotes VEGF-dependent neovascularization. The prevalence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in MFGE8 was studied in two exsudative or “wet” Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) groups and two corresponding control groups. We studied the effect of MFGE8 deficiency on retinal homeostasis with age and on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. Methods: The distribution of the SNP (rs4945 and rs1878326) of MFGE8 was analyzed in two groups of patients with “wet” AMD and their age-matched controls from Germany and France. MFGE8-expressing cells were identified in Mfge8+/− mice expressing ß-galactosidase. Aged Mfge8+/− and Mfge8−/− mice were studied by funduscopy, histology, electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts of the choroid, and after laser-induced CNV. Results: rs1878326 was associated with AMD in the French and German group. The Mfge8 promoter is highly active in photoreceptors but not in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Mfge8−/− mice did not differ from controls in terms of fundus appearance, photoreceptor cell layers, choroidal architecture or laser-induced CNV. In contrast, the Bruch's membrane (BM) was slightly but significantly thicker in Mfge8−/− mice as compared to controls. Conclusions: Despite a reproducible minor increase of rs1878326 in AMD patients and a very modest increase in BM in Mfge8−/− mice, our data suggests that MFGE8 dysfunction does not play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD

Формирование эмоциональной культуры как компонента инновационной культуры студентов

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1 and Darwin was one of the first to recognise that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3,4. Here we use ROH to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity (SROH) and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second (FEV1), general cognitive ability (g) and educational attainment (nominal p<1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10, 1.8 × 10−10). In each case increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing convincing evidence for the first time that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5,6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been

Hypnose et psychanalyse (la clinique de l'objet-tabac)

Cette thèse s'adresse aussi bien aux psychanalystes qu'aux hypnothérapeutes. Le principal enjeu de cette recherche est l'étude de l'objet-tabac ainsi que les notions psychanalytiques qui sous-tendent l'addiction. Neuf études de cas de patients qui désirent arrêter de fumer nous autorisent à formuler des hypothèses au sujet du contre-transfert et des modalités identificatoires de l'hypnothérapeute, notamment l'écoute. Une partie de ce tavail explore les processus qui vont de l'hypnose à la psychanalyse et de la psychanalyse à l'hypnoanalyse. L'histoire des psychanalystes qui se sont intéressés à l'hypnose tels Freud, Ferenczi, Chertok, Nassif et Roustang y est relatée. Certaines réflexions cliniques ouvrent des voies nouvelles de recherche à la fois par rapport au tabac et aussi par rapport à l'hypnose, d'autres sont avancées afin d'aller plus loin dans ces voies.This thesis concerns as well psychoanlysts as hypnotists. The main stake in this research is the study of tobacco-object and psychoanalytic concepts about addiction. Nine hypnotherapeutic follows-up of persons who want to stop smoking allow us to formulate hypothesises about the study of the counter-transference and the modalities of identification of the hypnotist, in particular listening. A part of this work explores the process which goes from hypnosis to psychoanalysis and from psychoanalysis to hypnoanalysis. The story of psychoanalysts who were interested by hypnosis such as Freud, Ferenczi, Chertok, Nassif and Roustang is recalled. Some clinical thoughts open new prospects of research for tobacco and also for hypnosis, others are approached to go further in these ways.POITIERS-BU Droit Lettres (861942101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Resplendence of al-Andalus: exchange and transfer processes in Mudéjar and neo-Moorish Architecture

This contribution presents preliminary results of the research project Mudejarismo and Moorish Revival in Europe (2014–2018), funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and based at the University of Zurich. By focusing on the appropriation of Hispano-Islamic architecture and ornaments in Christian and Jewish contexts, the seven sub-chapters examine the underlying exchange and transfer processes in the Middle Ages and the Modern period, in relation to the complex and multi-faceted phenomena of cross-cultural appropriation and hybridization, as well as the current debates on otherness and national identity

First characterization of obsidian from Colombian and Ecuadorian sources using ICP-AES and ICP-MS

International audience41 obsidian from geological sources of SW Colombia and Ecuador were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS to contribute to the build-up of a database for obsidian provenience studies. It is shown that obsidians from the Colombian Paletara caldera (Río Hondo and Río Granates compositional groups), the Ecuadorian sierra de Guamaní (Mullumica/Callejones and Quiscatola/Yanaurcu groups) and North Cotopaxi volcano (Quebrada Colorada group) can be easily distinguished from each other. It is also shown that obsidians with a given chemical composition may be found over a large distance, up to >100 km from volcanic structures (e. g. from ignimbrites to calites in NW of Paletara caldera)