Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of the Hyoid Bone

Introduction Chondrosarcoma of hyoid bone is very rare with only 19 cases still reported. We, therefore, present this case report for the interest of medical literature to make clinicians aware of the disease. Case Report They usually present as a slow growing upper neck mass. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful radiologic investigations. The tumour was resected through a trans-cervical approach. Definite diagnosis was made by postoperative histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Discussion Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for local control. Incomplete removal is a risk factor for recurrence and possible dedifferentiation. Long term follow up is necessary

Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of the Hyoid Bone

Introduction Chondrosarcoma of hyoid bone is very rare with only 19 cases still reported. We, therefore, present this case report for the interest of medical literature to make clinicians aware of the disease. Case Report They usually present as a slow growing upper neck mass. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful radiologic investigations. The tumour was resected through a trans-cervical approach. Definite diagnosis was made by postoperative histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Discussion Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for local control. Incomplete removal is a risk factor for recurrence and possible dedifferentiation. Long term follow up is necessary

Making Graphene-type Material via Polymerization of Porphyrin

The synthesis of new graphene-type materials (via polymerization of porphyrin macrocycles) through a simple chemical synthetic pathway (at RT) has been demonstrated. This newly synthesized material can be dispersed in water with an average sheet size of few microns and with single layer thickness. As the porphyrin contains four inner ring nitrogen atoms thus the presented polymeric material will be close analogous of N-doped graphene. Porphyrin as the key component to synthesize layered graphene type continuous 2D structure has never been attempted before. </p

A Review on Colistin Resistance: An Antibiotic of Last Resort

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant global public health issue, driven by the rapid adaptation of microorganisms to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Colistin, previously regarded as a last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, is increasingly becoming resistant due to chromosomal mutations and the acquisition of resistance genes carried by plasmids, particularly the mcr genes. The mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) was first discovered in E. coli from China in 2016. Since that time, studies have reported different variants of mcr genes ranging from mcr-1 to mcr-10, mainly in Enterobacteriaceae from various parts of the world, which is a major concern for public health. The co-presence of colistin-resistant genes with other antibiotic resistance determinants further complicates treatment strategies and underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving colistin resistance and monitoring its global prevalence are essential steps in addressing the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and preserving the efficacy of existing antibiotics. This review underscores the critical role of colistin as a last-choice antibiotic, elucidates the mechanisms of colistin resistance and the dissemination of resistant genes, explores the global prevalence of mcr genes, and evaluates the current detection methods for colistin-resistant bacteria. The objective is to shed light on these key aspects with strategies for combating the growing threat of resistance to antibiotics

Importance of Neem Leaf: An insight into its role in combating diseases

708-718The neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a tropical evergreen tree (Fam. Meliacae; Subfam. Melioideae) traditionally well known for its medicinal value. Beneficialt effects of different parts of neem are attributed to its biologically active principle ‘Azadirachtin’. Apart from Indian subcontinent, neem is widely used in African countries as therapeutics, preservatives and insecticides. Neem leaves, natural source of flavonoids, polyphenols, isoprenoids, sulphurous and polysaccharides, play important role in scavenging the free radical and subsequently arresting disease pathogenesis. Considerable research has gone into neem for developing cost effective and non-toxic products. The present review has compiled different phytochemicals isolated from neem leaves, methods of extraction and their therapeutic use in preventing several diseases. Here, we highlighted the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of neem leaf that underscores the disease through regulation of physiological responses. Also, multiple roles of neem leaf and commercial use of neem formulation as an alternative in paving a frontier in the field of drug discovery are discussed

Present Scenario of Childhood Deafness: A Tertiary Level Health Care Study

Abstract Introduction Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans today. Approximately 63 million people in India suffer from significant auditory impairment. Materials and Methods Fifty children of 0-7 years age group, presented to a tertiary level center in Kolkata were assessed by objective and behavioural audiological tests. Result Mean age of presentation was found to be 40.5 months. No risk factor could be identified in 72% of the cases. 47% fell into the profoundly deaf category. Discussion Numerous studies agree that half of the infants with sensorineural hearing loss have no risk factors at birth and thus would be missed by a targeted hearing screening.  Conclusion India certainly faces a worse situation regarding childhood deafness. Implementation of universal neonatal hearing screening along with pre-school hearing assessment can certainly change the scenario

Congenital rubella syndrome surveillance in India, 2016–21: Analysis of five years surveillance data

Background: In India, facility-based surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was initiated in 2016 to estimate the burden and monitor the progress made in rubella control. We analyzed the surveillance data for 2016–2021 from 14 sentinel sites to describe the epidemiology of CRS. Method: We analyzed the surveillance data to describe the distribution of suspected and laboratory confirmed CRS patients by time, place and person characteristics. We compared clinical signs of laboratory confirmed CRS and discarded case-patients to find independent predictors of CRS using logistic regression analysis and developed a risk prediction model. Results: During 2016–21, surveillance sites enrolled 3940 suspected CRS case-patients (Age 3.5 months, SD: 3.5). About one-fifth (n = 813, 20.6%) were enrolled during newborn examination. Of the suspected CRS patients, 493 (12.5%) had laboratory evidence of rubella infection. The proportion of laboratory confirmed CRS cases declined from 26% in 2017 to 8.7% in 2021. Laboratory confirmed patients had higher odds of having hearing impairment (Odds ratio [OR] = 9.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6–16.2), cataract (OR = 7.8, 95% CI: 5.4–11.2), pigmentary retinopathy (OR = 6.7, 95 CI: 3.3–13.6), structural heart defect with hearing impairment (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.2–12.2) and glaucoma (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2–8.1). Nomogram, along with a web version, was developed. Conclusions: Rubella continues to be a significant public health issue in India. The declining trend of test positivity among suspected CRS case-patients needs to be monitored through continued surveillance in these sentinel sites