Fermented Goat’s Milk Consumption Improves Duodenal Expression of Iron Homeostasis Genes during Anemia Recovery

Despite the crucial roles of duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferritin light chain (Ftl1), ferroportin 1 (FPN1), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (Hamp) in Fe metabolism, no studies have investigated the modulations of these genes during Fe repletion with fermented milks. Analysis included Fe status markers and gene and protein expression in enterocytes of control and anemic animals fed fermented milks. Fermented goat’s milk up-regulated enterocyte Dcytb, DMT1, FPN1, and Ftl1 and down-regulated TfR1 and Hamp gene expression in control and anemic animals. Anemia decreased Dcytb, DMT1, and Ftl1 in animals fed fermented cow’s milk and up-regulated TfR1 and Hamp expression. Fe overload down-regulated Dcytb and TfR1 in animals fed fermented cow’s milk and up-regulated DMT1 and FPN1 gene expression. Fermented goat’s milk increased expression of duodenal Dcytb, DMT1, and FPN1 and decreased Hamp and TfR1, improving Fe metabolism during anemia recovery

Genetic and environmental factors related to the development of myopic maculopathy in Spanish patients

High myopia and the subsequent degenerative changes of the retina, choroid, and sclera, known as myopic maculopathy (MM), are a serious visual problem in many Asian countries, and are beginning to be so in the south of Europe, especially in the Mediterranean. It is therefore necessary to carry out genetic and environmental studies to determine the possible causes of this disease. This study aims to verify if the genetic factors that have been most related to Asian populations are also associated in two Spanish cohorts. Eight SNPs from six genes (PAX6,SCO2,CCDC102B,BLID,chromosome 15q14, andCOL8A1) along with demographic, ophthalmic and environmental factors were analysed in two cohorts from a total of 365 highly myopic subjects and 177 control subjects. The genetic analysis showed thatCOL8A1SNP rs13095226 was associated with the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and also seems to play an important role in the increase of axial length. The SNP rs634990 ofchromosome 15q14also showed a significant association with MM, although this was lost after the Bonferroni correction. Additional demographic and environmental factors, namely age, sex, smoking status, and pregnancy history, were also found to be associated with MM and CNV in this population

Experience on how to implement a preanalytical and POCT unit in Madrid’s IFEMA field hospital during this unprecedented COVID-19 emergency

To fight the virus SARS-CoV-2 spread to Europe from China and to give support to the collapsed public health system, the Spanish Health Authorities developed a field hospital located in the facilities of Madrid exhibition centre (IFEMA) to admit and treat patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease (COVID-19). The Department of Laboratory Medicine of La Paz University Hospital in Madrid (LMD-HULP) was designated to provide laboratory services. Due to the emergency, the IFEMA field hospital had to be prepared for patient admission in less than 1 week and the laboratory professionals had to collaborate in a multidisciplinary group to assure that resources were available to start on time. The LMD-HULP participated together with the managers in the design of the tests portfolio and the integration of the healthcare information systems (IS) (hospital IS, laboratory IS and POCT management system). Laboratorians developed a strategy to quickly train clinicians and nurses on test requests, sample collection procedures and management/handling of the POCT blood gas analyser both by written materials and training videos. The IFEMA´s preanalytical unit managed 3782 requests, and more than 11,000 samples from March 27th to April 30th. Furthermore, 1151 samples were measured by blood gas analysers. In conclusion, laboratory professionals must be resilient and have to respond timely in emergencies as this pandemic. The lab’s personnel selection, design and monitoring indicators to maintain and further improve the quality and value of laboratory services is crucial to support medical decision making and provide better patient care

Factors associated with the intention to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials: A cross-sectional study in Peru

Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the intention to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials in the Peruvian population. Methods: Cross-sectional study and secondary analysis of a database that involved Peruvian population during September 2020. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the associated factors. Results: Data from 3231 individuals were analyzed, 44.1% of whom intended to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. Factors associated with the outcome were being male (RPa: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15–1.35), being from the highlands region (RPa: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09–1.28) or jungle (RPa: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.15–1.47), having a relative that is a healthcare professional (PRa: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06–1.28), using a medical source of information (PRa: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17–1.41), and trusting in the possible effectiveness of vaccines (PRa: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.29–1.51). The main reason for not participating in the trial was the possibility of developing side effects (69.80%). Conclusion: There is an urgent need to generate a perception of safety in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, to increase the population's intention to participate in these studies, and to provide evidence-based information about the vaccine.Revisión por pare

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA: CÁLCULO DIFERENCIAL 2017-B

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

Validation of Bact/Alert automathic system in the microbiological control of cell medicinal products of Advanced Therapies

Objetivo. El Control de calidad para demostrar que un producto está libre de agentes microbianos adventicios es un aspecto clave de control de procesos y evaluación de la calidad de todas las preparaciones medicinales celulares y en la ingeniería tisular. El objetivo de este estudio es validar el sistema de detección por hemocultivo BacT / ALERT para el control microbiológico de las células mesenquimales para terapia celular, según la Farmacopea Europea (EU.PH), 2.6.27. “Control microbiológico de productos celulares” (1). Método. Para el cálculo del límite de detección las botellas de hemocultivo fueron inoculadas e incubadas con 4 réplicas de 30 UFC, 5 réplicas de 15 UFC y 5 réplicas de 6 UFC de los microorganismos en ausencia de producto celular. Se llevaron a cabo también experimentos en presencia de producto con 400.000 células mesenquimales. Este método se ha comparado con el método de referencia de Esterilidad de la EU.PH (2). La especificidad se ensayó inoculando 5 réplicas con 400.000 células mesenquimales sin microorganismos. Resultados. Todas las botellas inoculadas con células mesenquimales sin microorganismos permanecieron negativas después de 7 días de incubación. Todas las botellas inoculadas con cepas bacterianas aerobias y anaerobias fueron detectadas como positivas por el sistema, en el caso del límite inferior (6 UFC) en menos de 36 horas. Se detectaron como positivas las botellas inoculadas con Candida albicans (6 UFC) en menos de 48 horas y con Aspergillus niger (6 UFC) en menos de 72 horas. No hubo diferencias notables en el tiempo de detección entre botellas inoculadas con y sin la presencia de células mesenquimales. Conclusión: El sistema de detección de hemocultivos Bact/Alert es un método fiable para la detección de la contaminación microbiana de medicamentos a base de células mesenquimales y cumple los requisitos de la UE PH, 2.6.27, para el control microbiológico de productos celulares.Objective. Quality control to demonstrate that a product is free from adventitious microbial agents is a key aspect of process control and quality evaluation of all cell medicinal preparations and in tisular engineering. Evaluate the validation of the BacT/ALERT Blood Culture System for the microbial control of mesenchymal cells for cell therapy according European Pharmacopoeia (EU.PH), 2.6.27. “Microbiological control of cellular products” (1). Method. Blood culture bottles were challenged with 4 replica of 30 cfu, 5 replica of 15 cfu and 5 replica of 6 cfu of the test microorganisms. Test were also carried out in the presence in each contaminated culture bottle of 400.000 mesenchymal cells. This method has been compared with the reference method for Sterility of the EU.PH (2). Specificity was tested inoculating 5 replicas of broth culture media with 400.000 cells without microorganisms. Results. All bottles challenged with mesenchymal cells without microorganisms remained negative after 7 days of incubation. All inoculated bottles with aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains were flagged as positive for the system, in case of low inoculum (6 cfu) in less than 36 hours. Candida inoculated bottles (6 cfu) were detected in less than 48 hours and Aspergillus (6 cfu) in less than 72 hours. There were no significant differences in the detection time between bottles inoculated with and without the presence of mesenchymal cells. Conclusion: The BacT/ALERT blood culture detection system and is a reliable method for detection of microbial contamination of mesenchymal cells medicinal products that fulfils the requirements of the EU PH, 2.6.27, for the microbiological control of cellular products

Rationale and methods of the cardiometabolic valencian study (escarval-risk) for validation of risk scales in mediterranean patients with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia

BackgroundThe Escarval-Risk study aims to validate cardiovascular risk scales in patients with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia living in the Valencia Community, a European Mediterranean region, based on data from an electronic health recording system comparing predicted events with observed during 5 years follow-up study.Methods/DesignA cohort prospective 5 years follow-up study has been designed including 25000 patients with hypertension, diabetes and/or dyslipidemia attended in usual clinical practice. All information is registered in a unique electronic health recording system (ABUCASIS) that is the usual way to register clinical practice in the Valencian Health System (primary and secondary care). The system covers about 95% of population (near 5 million people). The system is linked with database of mortality register, hospital withdrawals, prescriptions and assurance databases in which each individual have a unique identification number. Diagnoses in clinical practice are always registered based on IDC-9. Occurrence of CV disease was the main outcomes of interest. Risk survival analysis methods will be applied to estimate the cumulative incidence of developing CV events over time.DiscussionThe Escarval-Risk study will provide information to validate different cardiovascular risk scales in patients with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia from a low risk Mediterranean Region, the Valencia Community

The location of Asteroidal Belt Comets (ABCs), in a comet’s evolutionary diagram : The Lazarus Comets

ABSTRACT: There is a group of newly recognized asteroids in the main belt that are exhibiting cometary characteristics. We will call them Asteroidal Belt Comets or ABCs for short. The surprising property of these objects is that their orbits are entirely asteroidal while their behaviour is entirely cometary, with Tisserand invariants larger than 3.0, while all Jupiter family comets have Tisserand invariants smaller than 3.0. An analysis of their orbital and physical properties has resulted in the following conclusion. (1) We define the ‘detached group (DG)’ as those objects that exhibit cometary characteristics (sublimating water) and have aphelion distances Q < 4.5 au. The DG contains all the ABCs traditionally recognized, plus a few other members not traditionally recognized like 2P and 107P. With the above definition there are 11 members of the ABC group: 2P, 107P, 133P, 176P, 233P, 238P, C/2008 R1, C/2010 R2, 2011 CR42, 3200 and 300163 = 2006 VW139. And there are three members of the collisioned asteroids, CA, P/2010 A2, 596 Scheila and P/2012 F5 Gibbs. (2) In the literature a common reason for activity is interplanetary collisions. Active objects sublimate ices except for the CA that have exhibited dust tails due to collisions and 3200 Phaethon activated by solar wind sputtering. In this work, we will trace the origin of activity to a diminution of their perihelion distances, a hypothesis that has not been previously explored in the literature. (3) We have calibrated the blackbody (colour) temperature of comets versus perihelion distance, R, regardless of class. We find T = 325 ± 5 K/√R. (4) Using a mathematical model of the thermal wave we calculate the thickness of the crust or dust layer on comet nuclei. We find a thickness of 2.0 ± 0.5 m for comet 107P, 4.7 ± 1.2 m for comet 133P and 1.9 ± 0.5 m for a sample of nine comets. Note the small errors. (5) We have located three ABCs in an evolutionary diagram of Remaining Revolutions (RR) versus Water-Budget Age (WB-AGE). ABCs lie together in the upper-right-hand corner of the diagram, as expected from physical arguments. (6) The RR versus WB-AGE diagram also defines the region of the graveyard of comets, as those objects with 1000 cy < WB-AGE, where cy stands for comet years. Five members belong to the graveyard, 107P, 133P, 2006 VW139, D/1891 W1 Blanpain and 3200 Phaeton. Thus, we propose that the asteroidal belt contains an enormous graveyard of ancient dormant and extinct rocky comets, that turn on (are rejuvenated), in response to a diminution of their perihelion distance, caused by planetary perturbations

Epithelial in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM): cellular characterization and study of HLA I and II expression

AGRADECIMIENTOS Laboratorio de Citogenética del servicio de Análisis Clínicos del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (Sección de Citometría/Biopatología tumoral) del Hos- pital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves.Introducción: Las células troncales mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo o médula ósea constituyen uno de los tratamientos de terapia celular más utilizados en los ensayos clínicos actuales por su capacidad inmunomoduladora. Además, por su potencial de diferenciación a células epiteliales pueden ser utilizadas en ingeniería tisular incorporadas a tejidos artificiales como la piel o córnea, sustituyendo a las células epiteliales autólogas de estos tejidos. Es necesario realizar una correcta caracterización de estas células diferenciadas y estudiar el efecto de la diferenciación en la expresión del HLA de clase I y II. Objetivos: Caracterizar y realizar los controles de calidad GMP en dos líneas de células mesenquimales troncales humanas de distintos orígenes (tejido adiposo y médula ósea) tras diferenciarlas a células epiteliales in vitro, y analizar si se modifica la expresión de los marcadores HLA I y II antes y después del proceso diferenciador. Metodología: Se ha realizado el aislamiento y expansión de las dos líneas celulares de células mesenquimales troncales a partir del tejido fuente y se ha procedido a su diferenciación in vitro a células epiteliales mediante medios de cultivos suplementados con factores de crecimiento específico. Se han realizado controles de calidad siguiendo los requerimientos de las normas de correcta fabricación y se ha estudiado por citometría de flujo la expresión de HLA tipo I y II antes y después del proceso diferenciador. Finalmente se ha comprobado mediante estudio histológico e inmunohistoquímico las características de las células diferenciadas. Resultados: Se han aislado dos líneas de células mesenquimales troncales de tejido adiposo y médula ósea que cumplen los controles de calidad propuestos. Tras el proceso diferenciador in vitro, las células mesenquimales troncales humanas no expresan marcadores HLA (I y II) importantes en la respuesta inmune, pero sí expresan débilmente proteínas relacionadas con los principales estratos epiteliales (CK5, CK6 y CK14). Conclusión: La ausencia de expresión de marcadores de HLA I y II por citometría de flujo en las células diferenciadas favorecería su uso con carácter alogénico en la construcción de piel y córneas humanas por ingeniería de tejidos, sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios que confirmen estos resultados preliminares y protocolos que optimicen el proceso diferenciador in vitro de las células mesenquimales troncales.Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow are one of the most common cell therapy procedures used in recent clinical trials due to their immunomodulation capacity. Furthermore, for their epithelial differentiation potential can be used in tissue engineering, incorporated in artificial tissues such as skin and cornea, replacing autologous epithelial cells. It is necessary to make a correct cellular characterization of differentiated cells and to study the effect in HLA I and II expression. Objetives: Characterization and quality controls under GMP conditions of in vitro differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from different sources (adipose tissue and bone marrow) to epithelial lineage, and study of HLA I and II expression before and after differentiation. Methods: Isolation and expansion of two human mesenchymal stem cells lines from their tissues of origin and in vitro differentiation to epithelial cells using culture mediums supplemented with specific growth factors. Quality controls according Good Manufacturing Practices have been made and HLA I and II expression before and after differentiation have been studied. Finally, characteristics of differentiated cells have been demonstrated by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Two human mesenchymal stem cells lines from adipose tissue and bone marrow have been isolated complying with the proposed quality controls. After in vitro differentiation, human mesenchymal stem cells do not express HLA (I and II) markers, which are important in immune response, but weakly express proteins related to main epithelial layers of human skin (CK5, CK6 and CK14). Conclusion: The absence of expression of HLA I and II by flow cytometry in differentiated cells would promote the use of them with allogenic character to construct human skin and cornea by tissue engineering, however, more studies and protocols are required to confirm these preliminary results and to optimize in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.FIS ISC-III and FEDER PI13/0257

Lipid profile, cardiovascular disease and mortality in a Mediterranean high-risk population: The ESCARVAL-RISK study.

The potential impact of targeting different components of an adverse lipid profile in populations with multiple cardiovascular risk factors is not completely clear. This study aims to assess the association between different components of the standard lipid profile with all-cause mortality and hospitalization due to cardiovascular events in a high-risk population. This prospective registry included high risk adults over 30 years old free of cardiovascular disease (2008-2012). Diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus was inclusion criterion. Lipid biomarkers were evaluated. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and hospital admission due to coronary heart disease or stroke. We estimated adjusted rate ratios (aRR), absolute risk differences and population attributable risk associated with adverse lipid profiles. 51,462 subjects were included with a mean age of 62.6 years (47.6% men). During an average follow-up of 3.2 years, 919 deaths, 1666 hospitalizations for coronary heart disease and 1510 hospitalizations for stroke were recorded. The parameters that showed an increased rate for total mortality, coronary heart disease and stroke hospitalization were, respectively, low HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.25, 1.29 and 1.23; high Total/HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.22, 1.38 and 1.25; and high Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.21, 1.30, 1.09. The parameters that showed highest population attributable risk (%) were, respectively, low HDL-Cholesterol: 7.70, 11.42, 8.40; high Total/HDL-Cholesterol: 6.55, 12.47, 8.73; and high Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol: 8.94, 15.09, 6.92. In a population with cardiovascular risk factors, HDL-cholesterol, Total/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratios were associated with a higher population attributable risk for cardiovascular disease compared to other common biomarkers.S