Aplicación de prácticas de laboratorio sobre el contenido de electromagnetismo, en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de undécimo grado, en el colegio Rafael María Fabretto Michely, durante el segundo semestre del año dos mil doce

La enseñanza de las ciencias debe ocurrir en un espacio donde las estrategias generen en los estudiantes el potenciar las capacidades para pensar y decidir autónomamente, lo cual implica que éste adquiera los instrumentos y las herramientas cognoscitivas necesarias para participar en la transformación de su entorno. Dentro de este contexto,el docente juega un papel sumamente importante al seleccionar las estrategias metodológicas que apoyen, motiven e impulsen a los estudiantes a vencer los obstáculos en el proceso de aprendizaje, atendiendo las diferencias individuales que cada estudiante posee al adquirir o procesar lainformación. En este sentido, esta investigación tiene como propósito contribuir a la mejora del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de undécimo grado al desarrollar la unidad de electromagnetismo, tomando como estrategia metodológica la experimentación con materiales del medio, donde sin un laboratorio el educador puede capacitar a los estudiantes en el proceso educativo de esta temática. Este estudio de investigación abarca seis capítulos, el primer capítulo comprende el planteamiento de la situación problemática y la definición respectiva mediante su formulación, también se presentan los antecedentes nacionales o internacionales de estudios similares al nuestro, finalmente se formulan los objetivos que se constituyen en la líneas directrices durante todo el proceso de la investigación; el segundo es el fundamento teórico que los diversos científicos brindan para estudios posteriores y que en nuestro caso sustenta y valida nuestros hallazgos y conclusiones; en el tercero, se desarrolla y exponen los diversos métodos, instrumentos y técnicas a las cuales recurrimos para recolectar,organizar y analizar los datos; en el cuarto, se presentan y discuten los resultados a la luz de las diversas teorías científicas; en el quinto se declaran las conclusiones a las cuales hemos arribado y se anotan algunas sugerencias que surgen como consecuencia del trabajo a lo largo del proceso investigativo, finalmente en el sexto nos referimos al soporte bibliográfic

Centro de innovación y transferencia tecnológica de Paja Toquilla y Orfebrería en el Distrito de Catacaos - Piura 2020

Hoy en día, la ciudad de Catacaos carece de equipamiento donde los cataquenses puedan obtener la capacitación adecuada para el mejoramiento de sus habilidades, tampoco posee un ambiente ideal para el comercio y difusión cultural. Debido a este problema, se propone un Centro de Innovación y Transferencia Tecnológica (CITE) en el cual se aumente y refuerce este sector en base a generar carreras técnicas artesanales que cumplan con las necesidades de la ciudad de Catacaos mediante una estructura y un orden y así impulsando el desarrollo artesanal con un enfoque responsable. En el proyecto nos podemos dar cuenta que implica la captación de la población local hacia esta zona mediante actividades artísticas tradicionales, como la artesanía de paja toquilla y la orfebrería. También se tendrá en cuenta el esparcimiento para generar espacios de compra y venta de los productos. Además, el cite no solo albergaría artesanos locales, sino además de otras zonas aledañas como Simbilá, La Unión, Piura, etc. quienes no han recibido ningún tipo de capacitación y no cuentan con las condiciones necesarias. La educación es local y se da en espacios poco frecuentes, de uso común y las ventas son en las calles de la ciudad. El plan de Desarrollo Concertado de Catacaos promueve la participación artesanal en ferias tanto nacionales como internacionales. El CITE buscará proponer sus ambientes para que se realicen dichos eventos dotándolo de equipamiento necesario. La finalidad de este proyecto es analizar e identificar la situación actual por la que atraviesan los artesanos de Catacaos, solucionando mediante un proyecto de arquitectura que cumpla con las necesidades, sirva de ejemplo para el desarrollo artesanal mediante reforzar y educar artesanos competentes y protagonistas de su propio desarrollo en este mundo.Today, the city of Catacaos lacks equipment where Cataquenses can obtain adequate training to improve their skills, nor does it have an ideal environment for trade and cultural dissemination. Due to this problem, a Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer (CITE) is proposed in which this sector is increased and strengthened based on generating artisanal technical careers that meet the needs of the city of Catacaos through a structure and an order and thus promoting artisanal development with a responsible approach. In the project we can realize that it involves attracting the local population to this area through traditional artistic activities, such as toquilla straw crafts and goldsmithing. Recreation will also be taken into account to generate spaces for the purchase and sale of products. In addition, the cite would not only house local artisans, but also other nearby areas such as Simbilá, La Unión, Piura, etc. who have not received any type of training and do not have the necessary conditions. Education is local and takes place in infrequent spaces, of common use and sales are in the streets of the city. The Catacaos Concerted Development plan promotes artisan participation in both national and international fairs. The CITE will seek to propose its environments so that these events can be held, providing it with the necessary equipment. The purpose of this project is to analyze and identify the current situation that the artisans of Catacaos are going through, solving it through an architecture project that meets the needs, serves as an example for artisan development by reinforcing and educating competent artisans and protagonists of their own development in this worldTesi

The thermal evolution of Mars as constrained by paleo-heat flows

Lithospheric strength can be used to estimate the heat flow at the time when a given region was deformed, allowing us to constrain the thermal evolution of a planetary body. In this sense, the high (>300 km) effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere deduced from the very limited deflection caused by the north polar cap of Mars indicates a low surface heat flow for this region at the present time, a finding difficult to reconcile with thermal history models. This has started a debate on the current heat flow of Mars and the implications for the thermal evolution of the planet. Here we perform refined estimates of paleo-heat flow for 22 martian regions of different periods and geological context, erived from the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere or from faulting depth beneath large thrust faults, by considering regional radioactive element abundances and realistic thermal conductivities for the crust and mantle lithosphere. For the calculations based on the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere we also consider the respective contributions of crust and mantle lithosphere to the total lithospheric strength. The obtained surface heat flows are in general lower than the equivalent radioactive heat production of Mars at the corresponding times, suggesting a limited contribution from secular cooling to the heat flow during the majority of the history of Mars. This is contrary to the predictions from the majority of thermal history models, but is consistent with evidence suggesting a currently fluid core, limited secular contraction for Mars, and recent extensive volcanism. Moreover, the interior of Mars could even have been heating up during part of the thermal history of the planet

Radioactive element abundances, paleo-heat flows, and the internal evolution of Mars

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

The heat flow history of Mars from lithospheric strength

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Present-day and early heat flows and the thermal evolution of Mars

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

The C-Terminal Half of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein, Industrially Produced in Plants, Is Valid as Antigen in COVID-19 Serological Tests

Background: The fight against the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a huge demand of biotechnological, pharmaceutical, research and sanitary materials at unprecedented scales. One of the most urgent demands affects the diagnostic tests. The growing need for rapid and accurate laboratory diagnostic tests requires the development of biotechnological processes aimed at producing reagents able to cope with this demand in a scalable, cost-effective manner, with rapid turnaround times. This is particularly applicable to the antigens employed in serological tests. Recombinant protein expression using plants as biofactories is particularly suitable for mass production of protein antigens useful in serological diagnosis, with a neat advantage in economic terms. Methods: We expressed a large portion of the nucleoprotein (N) derived from SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. After purification, the recombinant N protein obtained was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human sera. To validate the ELISA, a panel of 416 sera from exposed personnel at essential services in Madrid City Council were tested, and the results compared to those obtained by another ELISA, already validated, used as reference. Furthermore, a subset of samples for which RT-PCR results were available were used to confirm sensitivity and specificity of the test. Results: The performance of the N protein expressed in plants as antigen in serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection was shown to be highly satisfactory, with calculated diagnostic sensitivity of 96.41% (95% CI: 93.05-98.44) and diagnostic specificity of 96.37 (95% CI: 93.05-98.44) as compared to the reference ELISA, with a kappa (K) value of 0.928 (95% CI:0.892-0.964). Furthermore, the ELISA developed with plant-derived N antigen detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 84 out of 93 sera from individuals showing RT-PCR positive results (86/93 for the reference ELISA). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the N protein part derived from SARS-CoV-2 expressed in plants performs as a perfectly valid antigen for use in COVID-19 diagnosis. Furthermore, our results support the use of this plant platform for expression of recombinant proteins as reagents for COVID-19 diagnosis. This platform stands out as a convenient and advantageous production system, fit-for-purpose to cope with the current demand of this type of biologicals in a cost-effective manner, making diagnostic kits more affordable.Work at Agrenvec and at the CBGP was funded in part by grant COV20-00114 from the Autonomous Region of Madrid (CAM) to FP. The CBGP thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science for the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation (SEV-2016-0672).S

Geographical variations in the benefit of applying a prioritization system for cataract surgery in different regions of Spain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Spain, there are substantial variations in the utilization of health resources among regions. Because the need for surgery differs in patients with appropriate surgical indication, introducing a prioritization system might be beneficial. Our objective was to assess geographical variations in the impact of applying a prioritization system in patients on the waiting list for cataract surgery in different regions of Spain by using a discrete-event simulation model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A discrete-event simulation model to evaluate demand and waiting time for cataract surgery was constructed. The model was reproduced and validated in five regions of Spain and was fed administrative data (population census, surgery rates, waiting list information) and data from research studies (incidence of cataract). The benefit of introducing a prioritization system was contrasted with the usual first-in, first-out (FIFO) discipline. The prioritization system included clinical, functional and social criteria. Priority scores ranged between 0 and 100, with greater values indicating higher priority. The measure of results was the waiting time weighted by the priority score of each patient who had passed through the waiting list. Benefit was calculated as the difference in time weighted by priority score between operating according to waiting time or to priority.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean waiting time for patients undergoing surgery according to the FIFO discipline varied from 1.97 months (95% CI 1.85; 2.09) in the Basque Country to 10.02 months (95% CI 9.91; 10.12) in the Canary Islands. When the prioritization system was applied, the mean waiting time was reduced to a minimum of 0.73 months weighted by priority score (95% CI 0.68; 0.78) in the Basque Country and a maximum of 5.63 months (95% CI 5.57; 5.69) in the Canary Islands. The waiting time weighted by priority score saved by the prioritization system varied from 1.12 months (95% CI 1.07; 1.16) in Andalusia to 2.73 months (95% CI 2.67; 2.80) in Aragon.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prioritization system reduced the impact of the variations found among the regions studied, thus improving equity. Prioritization allocates the available resources within each region more efficiently and reduces the waiting time of patients with greater need. Prioritization was more beneficial than allocating surgery by waiting time alone.</p

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Rab18 Dynamics in Adipocytes in Relation to Lipogenesis, Lipolysis and Obesity

Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that coordinate lipid storage and mobilization, both processes being especially important in cells specialized in managing fat, the adipocytes. Proteomic analyses of LDs have consistently identified the small GTPase Rab18 as a component of the LD coat. However, the specific contribution of Rab18 to adipocyte function remains to be elucidated. Herein, we have analyzed Rab18 expression, intracellular localization and function in relation to the metabolic status of adipocytes. We show that Rab18 production increases during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, our data show that insulin induces, via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the recruitment of Rab18 to the surface of LDs. Furthermore, Rab18 overexpression increased basal lipogenesis and Rab18 silencing impaired the lipogenic response to insulin, thereby suggesting that this GTPase promotes fat accumulation in adipocytes. On the other hand, studies of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol confirmed and extended previous evidence for the participation of Rab18 in lipolysis. Together, our data support the view that Rab18 is a common mediator of lipolysis and lipogenesis and suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the link that enables Rab18 action on these two processes. Finally, we describe, for the first time, the presence of Rab18 in human adipose tissue, wherein the expression of this GTPase exhibits sex- and depot-specific differences and is correlated to obesity. Taken together, these findings indicate that Rab18 is involved in insulin-mediated lipogenesis, as well as in β-adrenergic-induced lipolysis, likely facilitating interaction of LDs with ER membranes and the exchange of lipids between these compartments. A role for Rab18 in the regulation of adipocyte biology under both normal and pathological conditions is proposed