Strategies to increase the number of FSH-receptive follicles at the initiation of superovulation in cattle

The objective of this experiment was to investigate bovine somatotropin (bST) and Vitamin A as a potential treatment to enhance the number of ovarian follicles that respond to superovulation. During phase I, non-lactating Jersey cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (250 mg bST at Day 0, 250 mg bST at Day 8, 1 M units of Vitamin A at Day 8, saline at Day 8 [control]). Day 0 was defined as the day of onset of estrus, and superovulation treatment was initiated on Day 8 of the estrous cycle. Ultrasonography was performed daily to monitor ovarian follicular dynamics and to determine the number of ovulations resulting from superovulation. Results revealed that the total number of ovarian follicles and superovulatory response was not different among treatments. Phase II utilized the same non-lactating Jersey cows used during phase I, and cows received one of three treatments (250 mg bST at Day 0, 250 mg bST at Day 8, saline at Day 8 [control]) prior to superovulation. Artificial insemination was performed, embryos were recovered, and embryo quality and stage of development were recorded. Data analysis revealed no effect of treatment on the total number of ovarian follicles or on production of transferable quality embryos in any of the three replicates. These results indicate that a single treatment with 250 mg bST or 1 M units of vitamin A during the estrous cycle in which superovulation is performed is inadequate to enhance superovulatory response

Effects of Injectable Trace Mineral Supplementation on Embryo Development and Quality in Superovulated Dairy Heifers—First Year Progress Report

Injectable supplementation of trace minerals is often used to combat the malabsorption of microminerals due to antagonists in feed and water. Previous research has shown that Multimin90, a commercial supplement containing copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium, has been shown to have a positive impact on reproductive efficiency and pregnancy rates in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of MultiMin90 on embryo quality in superovulated heifers. This report includes the preliminary results of the first year of an ongoing study. Though there was no difference in overall embryo quality, supplementation of MultiMin90 tended to reduce the proportion of nonfertilized embryos per flush and resulted in one more embryo per flush when compared to a saline-treated control

Effects of Label-Dose Permethrin Administration on Reproductive Function and Embryo Quality on Superovulated Beef Heifers

Commercial pyrethroid pour-ons are commonly appliedin cow-calf operations to eliminate the potential for insectborne diseases and to improve productivity. However,recent literature has focused on potential negativereproductive effects in the bull after exposure to pyrethroids.While the female bovine has been primarily neglected fromthe debated pyrethroid concern on reproduction, literature inmice and rats have reported potential endocrine disruptionof sex steroids resulting from pyrethroid exposure, withpotential detrimental effects on female fertility. Theobjective was to study the effects of a commercialpyrethroid-based pour-on product, permethrin, onreproductive performance in superovulated beef heifers byassessing steroid biosynthesis and embryo quality. It washypothesized that exposure to pyrethroid pour-on at labeldose would cause minimal effects on embryoquantity/quality and steroidogenesis in the female bovine.Results from this study revealed pyrethroid-treated heifershad a tendency for reduced progesterone, but embryoquantity and quality were not affected compared to control

Climatic Factors Affecting Quantity and Quality Grade of in vivo Produced Bovine Embryos

The present study investigated the effects of climatic variables on the quality grade and quantity of in vivo produced bovine embryos. High temperature during the early embryonic development stage, one day after AI to flush, tended (P \u3c 0.10) to decrease the quality of embryos recovered. High Temperature-Humidity Index during the early antral follicular stage, 40 to 45 days prior to ovulation, tended to improve the total number of freezable and transferrable embryos recovered per flush (P \u3c 0.10). Increased wind speed at the early antral follicular phase was associated with a significant increase of the percentage of quality grade 1 embryos recovered (P \u3c 0.05). This implies that wind has a significant effect in the quality grade and quantity of in vivo produced bovine embryos that is rarely taken into consideration

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Strategies to increase the number of FSH-receptive follicles at the initiation of superovulation in cattle

The objective of this experiment was to investigate bovine somatotropin (bST) and Vitamin A as a potential treatment to enhance the number of ovarian follicles that respond to superovulation. During phase I, non-lactating Jersey cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (250 mg bST at Day 0, 250 mg bST at Day 8, 1 M units of Vitamin A at Day 8, saline at Day 8 [control]). Day 0 was defined as the day of onset of estrus, and superovulation treatment was initiated on Day 8 of the estrous cycle. Ultrasonography was performed daily to monitor ovarian follicular dynamics and to determine the number of ovulations resulting from superovulation. Results revealed that the total number of ovarian follicles and superovulatory response was not different among treatments. Phase II utilized the same non-lactating Jersey cows used during phase I, and cows received one of three treatments (250 mg bST at Day 0, 250 mg bST at Day 8, saline at Day 8 [control]) prior to superovulation. Artificial insemination was performed, embryos were recovered, and embryo quality and stage of development were recorded. Data analysis revealed no effect of treatment on the total number of ovarian follicles or on production of transferable quality embryos in any of the three replicates. These results indicate that a single treatment with 250 mg bST or 1 M units of vitamin A during the estrous cycle in which superovulation is performed is inadequate to enhance superovulatory response.</p

Effects of Label-Dose Permethrin Administration on Reproductive Function and Embryo Quality on Superovulated Beef Heifers

Commercial pyrethroid pour-ons are commonly appliedin cow-calf operations to eliminate the potential for insectborne diseases and to improve productivity. However,recent literature has focused on potential negativereproductive effects in the bull after exposure to pyrethroids.While the female bovine has been primarily neglected fromthe debated pyrethroid concern on reproduction, literature inmice and rats have reported potential endocrine disruptionof sex steroids resulting from pyrethroid exposure, withpotential detrimental effects on female fertility. Theobjective was to study the effects of a commercialpyrethroid-based pour-on product, permethrin, onreproductive performance in superovulated beef heifers byassessing steroid biosynthesis and embryo quality. It washypothesized that exposure to pyrethroid pour-on at labeldose would cause minimal effects on embryoquantity/quality and steroidogenesis in the female bovine.Results from this study revealed pyrethroid-treated heifershad a tendency for reduced progesterone, but embryoquantity and quality were not affected compared to controls</p

Effects of Injectable Trace Mineral Supplementation on Embryo Development and Quality in Superovulated Dairy Heifers—First Year Progress Report

Injectable supplementation of trace minerals is often used to combat the malabsorption of microminerals due to antagonists in feed and water. Previous research has shown that Multimin90, a commercial supplement containing copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium, has been shown to have a positive impact on reproductive efficiency and pregnancy rates in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of MultiMin90 on embryo quality in superovulated heifers. This report includes the preliminary results of the first year of an ongoing study. Though there was no difference in overall embryo quality, supplementation of MultiMin90 tended to reduce the proportion of nonfertilized embryos per flush and resulted in one more embryo per flush when compared to a saline-treated control.</p

Climatic Factors Affecting Quantity and Quality Grade of in vivo Produced Bovine Embryos

The present study investigated the effects of climatic variables on the quality grade and quantity of in vivo produced bovine embryos. High temperature during the early embryonic development stage, one day after AI to flush, tended (P < 0.10) to decrease the quality of embryos recovered. High Temperature-Humidity Index during the early antral follicular stage, 40 to 45 days prior to ovulation, tended to improve the total number of freezable and transferrable embryos recovered per flush (P < 0.10). Increased wind speed at the early antral follicular phase was associated with a significant increase of the percentage of quality grade 1 embryos recovered (P < 0.05). This implies that wind has a significant effect in the quality grade and quantity of in vivo produced bovine embryos that is rarely taken into consideration.</p

Effects of a naturally occurring amino acid substitution in bovine PrP: a model for inherited prion disease in a natural host species

Abstract Objective The most common hereditary prion disease is human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), associated with a mutation in the prion gene resulting in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at position 200 (E200K) in the prion protein. Models of E200K CJD in transgenic mice have proven interesting but have limitations including inconsistencies in disease presentation, requirement for mixed species chimeric protein constructs, and the relatively short life span and time to disease onset in rodents. These factors limit research on the mechanism by which the mutation drives disease development. Therefore, our objective was to provide the first assessment of cattle carrying the homologous mutation, E211K, as a system for investigating longer-term disease mechanisms. The E211K substitution was associated with a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy from 2006. Results We assessed the molecular properties of bovine E211K prion protein, characterized the molecular genetics of a population of cattle E211K carriers (offspring of the original EK211 cow) in relation to findings in humans, and generated preliminary evidence that the impacts of copper-induced oxidative stress may be different in cattle as compared to observations in transgenic mouse models. The cattle E211K system provides the opportunity for future analysis of physiological changes over time