Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

The embryo as moral work object: PGD/IVF staff views and experiences

Copyright @ 2008 the authors. This article is available in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/deed.en_CA.We report on one aspect of a study that explored the views and experiences of practitioners and scientists on social, ethical and clinical dilemmas encountered when working in the field of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for serious genetic disorders. The study produced an ethnography based on observation, interviews and ethics discussion groups with staff from two PGD/IVF Units in the UK. We focus here on staff perceptions of work with embryos that entails disposing of ‘affected’ or ‘spare’ embryos or using them for research. A variety of views were expressed on the ‘embryo question’ in contrast to polarised media debates. We argue that the prevailing policy acceptance of destroying affected embryos, and allowing research on embryos up to 14 days leaves some staff with rarely reported, ambivalent feelings. Staff views are under-researched in this area and we focus on how they may reconcile their personal moral views with the ethical framework in their field. Staff construct embryos in a variety of ways as ‘moral work objects’. This allows them to shift attention between micro-level and overarching institutional work goals, building on Casper's concept of ‘work objects’ and focusing on negotiation of the social order in a morally contested field.The Wellcome Trust Biomedical Ethics Programme, who funded the projects‘Facilitating choice, framing choice: the experience of staff working in pre-implantation genetic diagnosis’ (no: 074935), and ‘Ethical Frameworks for Embryo Donation:the views and practices of IVF/PGD staff’ (no: 081414)

Violência contra a pessoa idosa: análise das notificações realizadas no setor saúde - Brasil, 2010 Violence against the elderly: analysis of the reports made in the health sector - Brazil, 2010

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever notificações de violência contra os idosos (> 60 anos) captadas pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - versão net (Sinan Net) em 2010. Realizou-se estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com dados analisados no Stata versão 11. Estimaram-se razões de proporção (RP) de violência segundo variáveis selecionadas. Das 3.593 notificações de violência contra idosos, 52,3% eram referentes ao sexo feminino. A violência física foi significativamente mais frequente no sexo masculino (RP = 0,82), no grupo com 60 a 69 anos, fora do domicílio, praticada por agressores que não eram filhos, com suspeita de ingestão de bebida alcoólica. A violência psicológica foi mais frequente entre idosas (RP = 2,17), no domicílio, infligida pelos filhos, com suspeita de uso de bebida alcoólica e de maneira crônica. A negligência predominou no sexo feminino (RP = 1,24), no grupo a partir de 70 anos, no domicílio, perpetrada pelos filhos e recorrente. A violência sexual foi mais comum no sexo feminino (RP = 5,21), por agressores que não eram filhos, mas que consumiram bebida alcoólica. O conhecimento das diferentes manifestações da violência contra idosos subsidia ações para o seu enfrentamento, identificando características de vulnerabilidade onde as redes de apoio podem intervir.<br>The scope of this study was to describe reports of violence against the elderly (e" 60 years) reported in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases - net version (Sinan Net) in 2010. We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study with data analyzed by Stata version 11. We estimated proportion ratios (PR) of violence according to selected variables. Of the 3,593 reports of violence against the elderly, 52.3% were against females. Physical violence was significantly more frequent against males (PR=0.82) in the group aged 60 to 69 years, out of the home, committed by offenders who were not sons and were suspected of drinking alcohol. Psychological violence was more common among elderly people (PR=2.17), in the home, inflicted by sons, with suspected chronic alcohol abuse. Negligence was predominant among females (P R=1.24), in the group above 70 years of age, in the home, recurrently perpetrated by sons. Sexual violence was more common against females (PR=5.21), by offenders who were not children, but who consumed alcohol. The knowledge of the different manifestations of violence against the elderly supports actions to combat them, identifying characteristics of vulnerability in which support networks may intervene