Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

re-habitar El Carmen : Un proyecto sobre patrimonio contemporáneo

El proyecto _re-HABITAR suponía para el propio proceder de la institución un avance más allá del reconocimiento, registro, inventario o protección patrimonial de la arquitectura del siglo XX y del Movimiento Moderno para posicionarse en la acción preventiva y conservativa de ese legado contemporáneo. Para ello, la praxis patrimonial se aferraba a un modelo: el de la vivienda social en España en la segunda mitad del siglo XX; a un caso concreto: el de la barriada de Nuestra Señora del Carmen (Recasens Méndez-Queipo de Llano, 1958); y a un requisito fundamental: analizar un objeto vivo y en uso, aún con la presencia de quienes lo vivieron y usaron desde su origen

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years

Marco conceptual para comprender el estudio de la arquitectura en las misiones jesuíticas en la América colonial

This paper pretends to offer a conceptual framework that enables the understanding of the Jesuit contribution to the architecture of the missions in Spanish America. The paper consists of six parts. The first of them opens with the commitment of the Compañía de Jesús to the Spanish monarchy: the missioner must convert the indigenous into subject of the king of Spain, into citizen of a municipality, provide him with the language of Castilla and make him a son of the Catholic Church. The second explains the double Jesuit offer to the American societies. Firstly, the -Republic of the arts- for the education through Indian schools and universities. Secondly, the "Christian Republic", whose ideological structure tried to guarantee the "production" of civilized people. This way, the entire process is studied, from settlement to implementation of culture. In a fourth part, in order to understand the Jesuit as the architect of a great missionary project. A fifth part is dedicated to explaining the tenacity with which the members of the Compañía de Jesús tried to enter American history through what resulted to be a project of building future; the willingness to bring the earlier experiences of Paraguay to the previously unknown lands in the heart of South America. Finally, the paper concludes with the Jesuit philosophy of art, since it is in the memory, the symbols and the formal language of every town and society that we find the instruments that enable us to analyze, to imagine, to believe, to create, to decide, to love and to resist.El artículo pretende ser un marco conceptual del aporte jesuítico a la arquitectura, desarrollado en las misiones jesuíticas de la América hispana. Consta de seis partes. La primera trata sobre el compromiso de la Compañía de Jesús con la monarquía española: convertir al indígena en súbdito del rey, en ciudadano de un municipio, dotarlo de la lengua de Castilla y hacerlo hijo de la iglesia católica. La segunda diseña las ofertas jesuíticas a las sociedades americanas: la primera fue la “República de las Letras” para la formación de las élites a través de los colegios y las universidades indianas. La segunda se concretó en la “República cristiana” cuya ideología intentará garantizar la “fabricación” de civilizados; así se estudia todo el proceso de poblamiento e implementación de la cultura reduccional. En un cuarto apartado se da una visión del jesuita como arquitecto de este gran proyecto misional. En un acápite quinto se ensaya el acceso a espacios que expliquen la tenacidad con que los miembros de la Compañía de Jesús ensayaron insertarse en la historia americana a través de lo que significó la invención de un proyecto de porvenir, que constituye la  disposición para representar en los espacios inéditos del corazón de Suramérica lo ya experimentado en el Paraguay. Y se concluye  con la filosofía jesuítica del proyecto artístico, pues, en la memoria, los símbolos y los lenguajes formales de cada pueblo residen los instrumentos que nos permiten analizar e imaginar, creer y crear, decidir, amar y resistir.

Metodología para el estudio de UNA DECADA SIN ROSTRO (1700-1710) de las misiones casanareñas

Una de las grandes lagunas que ofrece la histo­riografía jesuítica casanareña es la que se abre con el siglo XVIII. Resulta llamativo que el histo­riador Juan Rivero, que llegó a la Provincia de Santafé en 1705 y que conoció personalmente a algunos de los protagonistas de las misiones llaneras, no haya consignado ni una sola palabra en sus escritos sobre esta época

Nomenclator biográfico de los jesuitas neogranadinos : 1604-1831

El 23 de septiembre de 1604, llegó a Santafé la expedición fundadora de la Compañía de Jesús y el día 27 se hizo entrega de la real cédula a la Chancillería Real, mediante la que se autorizaba su fundación en la Nueva Granada. Pocos meses después, el primero de enero de 1605, se empezaron a impartir clases en el colegio de Santafé, que después se convertiría en el Colegio Máximo de la Provincia del Nuevo Reino de Granada y sería conocido como la Universidad Javeriana. A partir de ese momento, se dio inicio a una empresa intelectual, religiosa y social que persiste hasta hoy, cuyo recorrido ha estado marcado por los conflictos, la persecución y la diáspora. Antes de la publicación del decreto de expulsión de los jesuitas en 1767, ordenado por Carlos III, e incluso después de la dispersión de sus miembros por todo el mundo, la orden de Ignacio de Loyola estuvo conformada por una base heterogénea de individuos que educaron y formaron a toda una élite intelectual en el territorio neogranadino. Así, aportaron ideas del Viejo Continente y animaron las discusiones académica y religiosa en el Nuevo Mundo. En un esfuerzo de sistematización, el padre José del Rey Fajardo, S. J., ha reunido en este nomenclátor información precisa sobre los miembros de la Compañía de Jesús que trabajaron en la Nueva Granada desde 1604 hasta 1767, y posteriormente en tierras italianas hasta 1831. Desde esta perspectiva, se podrá ver cómo esta orden religiosa se insertó en los prolegómenos de una historia intelectual de los jesuitas del Renacimiento y en la génesis neogranadina, y también cómo y por qué sus miembros han concurrido a la obra común que ayudó a engendrar la modernidad.Bogot

"Viajes y viajeros jesuitas a Venezuela y el Nuevo Reino"

Seminario Taller General: Fuentes virreinales (2012-1) Dra. Marcela Corvera PoiréFragmento de la obra José del Rey Fajardo, S.J., Las Misiones, germen de la nacionalidad, Caracas, Venezuela, Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, 2007