CIRRUS-HL: Overview of LIM contributions

From June to July 2021, the Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM) participated in the Cirrus in High Latitudes (CIRRUS-HL) campaign. Utilizing the German High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), 24 research flights were conducted out of Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The initial goal of the campaign was to sample high-latitude cirrus clouds with a combination of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation. However, due to the global coronavirus pandemic, the flights had to be carried out from southern Germany instead of northern Sweden. Thus, the flight time in Arctic latitudes was limited. Therefore, more objectives concerning midlatitude cirrus were included in the campaign goals. LIM contributed to CIRRUS-HL with measurements by the Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation (BACARDI) and the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem (SMART). While BACARDI measured broadband solar and terrestrial upward and downward irradiance, SMART measured spectrally resolved solar upward radiance as well as upward and downward irradiance.Von Juni bis Juli 2021 nahmen einige Mitarbeitende des LIM an der CIRRUS-HL Kampagne teil. Mit dem deutschen Forschungsflugzeug HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft) wurden 24 Forschungsflüge von Oberpfaffenhofen, Deutschland, aus durchgeführt. Ursprüngliches Ziel der Kampagne war es, Zirruswolken in hohen Breitengraden mit einer Kombination aus In-situ- und Fernerkundungsinstrumenten zu untersuchen. Aufgrund der weltweiten Corona-Pandemie mussten die Flüge jedoch von Süddeutschland statt von Nordschweden aus durchgeführt werden. Daher wurden weitere Ziele in Bezug auf Zirruswolken in mittleren Breiten in die Ziele der Kampagne aufgenommen. Das LIM-Team betrieb die breitbandigen und spektralen Strahlungssensoren BACARDI (Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation) und SMART (Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem), wobeiBACARDI die breitbandige solare und terrestrische Auf- und Abwärtsstrahlung und SMART die spektral aufgelöste solareAuf- undAbwärtsstrahlung sowie dieAufwärtsstrahlungsdichte maß

Airborne observations of Arctic air mass transformations during the HALO-(AC)3 campaign

The HALO-(AC)3 campaign was conducted in March and April 2022 to investigate warm air intrusions into the Arctic and marine cold air outbreaks. In coordinated flights over the Arctic, the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), equipped with a remote sensing payload and dropsondes, investigated these air mass transformations together with the research aircraft Polar 5 and Polar 6. In this report, we give an overview about the research flights and preliminary results from projects, which are carried out by employees of the Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM).Die HALO-(AC)3 Kampagne wurde im März und April 2022 durchgeführt, umWarmlufteinbrüche in die Arktis und marine Kaltluftausbrüche zu untersuchen. Das 'High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft' (HALO), ausgestattet mit Instrumenten zur Fernerkundung und Standardmeteorologiesonden, untersuchte zusammen mit den Forschungsflugzeugen Polar 5 und Polar 6, in koordinierten Flügen über der Arktis, diese Veränderungen der Luftmassen. In diesem Bericht wird eine Übersicht über die durchgeführten Forschungsflüge gegeben und Forschungsprojekte werden vorgestellt, welche von Mitarbeitern des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie (LIM) durchgeführt werden

EUREC⁴A

The science guiding the EUREC⁴A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC⁴A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC⁴A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC⁴A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC⁴A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement

EUREC⁴A

The science guiding the EUREC⁴A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC⁴A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC⁴A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC⁴A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC⁴A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement

CIRRUS-HL: Overview of LIM contributions

From June to July 2021, the Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM) participated in the Cirrus in High Latitudes (CIRRUS-HL) campaign. Utilizing the German High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), 24 research flights were conducted out of Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The initial goal of the campaign was to sample high-latitude cirrus clouds with a combination of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation. However, due to the global coronavirus pandemic, the flights had to be carried out from southern Germany instead of northern Sweden. Thus, the flight time in Arctic latitudes was limited. Therefore, more objectives concerning midlatitude cirrus were included in the campaign goals. LIM contributed to CIRRUS-HL with measurements by the Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation (BACARDI) and the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem (SMART). While BACARDI measured broadband solar and terrestrial upward and downward irradiance, SMART measured spectrally resolved solar upward radiance as well as upward and downward irradiance.Von Juni bis Juli 2021 nahmen einige Mitarbeitende des LIM an der CIRRUS-HL Kampagne teil. Mit dem deutschen Forschungsflugzeug HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft) wurden 24 Forschungsflüge von Oberpfaffenhofen, Deutschland, aus durchgeführt. Ursprüngliches Ziel der Kampagne war es, Zirruswolken in hohen Breitengraden mit einer Kombination aus In-situ- und Fernerkundungsinstrumenten zu untersuchen. Aufgrund der weltweiten Corona-Pandemie mussten die Flüge jedoch von Süddeutschland statt von Nordschweden aus durchgeführt werden. Daher wurden weitere Ziele in Bezug auf Zirruswolken in mittleren Breiten in die Ziele der Kampagne aufgenommen. Das LIM-Team betrieb die breitbandigen und spektralen Strahlungssensoren BACARDI (Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation) und SMART (Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem), wobeiBACARDI die breitbandige solare und terrestrische Auf- und Abwärtsstrahlung und SMART die spektral aufgelöste solareAuf- undAbwärtsstrahlung sowie dieAufwärtsstrahlungsdichte maß

CIRRUS-HL: Overview of LIM contributions

From June to July 2021, the Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM) participated in the Cirrus in High Latitudes (CIRRUS-HL) campaign. Utilizing the German High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), 24 research flights were conducted out of Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The initial goal of the campaign was to sample high-latitude cirrus clouds with a combination of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation. However, due to the global coronavirus pandemic, the flights had to be carried out from southern Germany instead of northern Sweden. Thus, the flight time in Arctic latitudes was limited. Therefore, more objectives concerning midlatitude cirrus were included in the campaign goals. LIM contributed to CIRRUS-HL with measurements by the Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation (BACARDI) and the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem (SMART). While BACARDI measured broadband solar and terrestrial upward and downward irradiance, SMART measured spectrally resolved solar upward radiance as well as upward and downward irradiance.Von Juni bis Juli 2021 nahmen einige Mitarbeitende des LIM an der CIRRUS-HL Kampagne teil. Mit dem deutschen Forschungsflugzeug HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft) wurden 24 Forschungsflüge von Oberpfaffenhofen, Deutschland, aus durchgeführt. Ursprüngliches Ziel der Kampagne war es, Zirruswolken in hohen Breitengraden mit einer Kombination aus In-situ- und Fernerkundungsinstrumenten zu untersuchen. Aufgrund der weltweiten Corona-Pandemie mussten die Flüge jedoch von Süddeutschland statt von Nordschweden aus durchgeführt werden. Daher wurden weitere Ziele in Bezug auf Zirruswolken in mittleren Breiten in die Ziele der Kampagne aufgenommen. Das LIM-Team betrieb die breitbandigen und spektralen Strahlungssensoren BACARDI (Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation) und SMART (Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem), wobeiBACARDI die breitbandige solare und terrestrische Auf- und Abwärtsstrahlung und SMART die spektral aufgelöste solareAuf- undAbwärtsstrahlung sowie dieAufwärtsstrahlungsdichte maß