Account of Winnebago Indian Affairs at Long Prairie, Minnesota Territory: 1848-1855

A history of the Winnebago Indian reservation at Long Prairie, Minnesota Territory, 1848 to 1855 when they were removed to Blue Earth. The work examines reservation life, including economic, social and educational aspects, the activities of the Indian agent and agency, relations with nearby Dakota and Chippewa Indians, Winnebago-settler relations, the Watab Treaty and other events on the reservation

Ho-Chunk Chiefs: Winnebago Leadership in An Era of Crisis

Review of: Ho-Chunk Chiefs: Winnebago Leadership in an Era of Crisis. Diedrich, Mark

Bobmeyerite, a new mineral from Tiger, Arizona, USA, structurally related to cerchiaraite and ashburtonite

Bobmeyerite, Pb_4(Al_(3)Cu)(Si_(4)O_12)(S_(0.5)Si_(0.5)O_4)(OH)_(7)Cl(H_(2)O)_3, is a new mineral from the Mammoth - Saint Anthony mine, Tiger, Pinal County, Arizona, USA. It occurs in an oxidation zone assemblage attributed to progressive alteration and crystallization in a closed system. Other minerals in this assemblage include atacamite, caledonite, cerussite, connellite, diaboleite, fluorite, georgerobinsonite, hematite, leadhillite, matlockite, murdochite, phosgenite, pinalite, quartz, wulfenite and yedlinite. Bobmeyerite occurs as colourless to white or cream-coloured needles, up to 300 mm in length, that taper to sharp points. The streak is white and the lustre is adamantine, dull or silky. Bobmeyerite is not fluorescent. The hardness could not be determined, the tenacity is brittle and no cleavage was observed. The calculated density is 4.381 g cm^(-3). Bobmeyerite is biaxial (-) with a ≈ b = 1.759(2), γ = 1.756(2) (white light), it is not pleochroic; the orientation is X = c; Y or Z = a or b. Electron-microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Pb_(3.80)Ca_(0.04)Al_(3.04) Cu^(2+)_(0.96)Cr^(3+)_(0.13)Si_(4.40)S_(0.58)O_(24.43) Cl_(1.05)F_(0.52)H_(11.83). Bobmeyerite is orthorhombic (pseudotetragonal), Pnnm with unit-cell parameters a = 13.969(9), b = 14.243(10), c = 5.893(4) Å, V = 1172.5(1.4) Å 3 and Z = 2. The nine strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern, listed as [d_(obs)(Å )(I)(hkl)], are as follows: 10.051(35)(110); 5.474(54)(011,101); 5.011(35)(220); 4.333(43)(121,211); 3.545(34)(040,400); 3.278(77)(330,231,321); 2.9656(88)(141,002,411); 2.5485(93)(051,222,501); 1.873(39)(multiple). Bobmeyerite has the same structural framework as cerchiaraite and ashburtonite. In the structure, which refined to R_1 = 0.079 for 1057 reflections with F > 4σF, SiO_4 tetrahedra share corners to form four-membered Si_(4)O_12 rings centred on the c axis. The rings are linked by chains of edge-sharing AlO_6 octahedra running parallel to [001]. The framework thereby created contains large channels, running parallel to [001]. The Cl site is centred on the c axis alternating along [001] with the Si_(4)O_12 rings. Two non-equivalent Pb atoms are positioned around the periphery of the channels. Both are elevencoordinate, bonding to the Cl atom on the c axis, to eight O atoms in the framework and to two O (H_(2)O) sites in the channel. The Pb atoms are off-centre in these coordinations, as is typical of Pb^2+ with stereo-active lone-electron pairs. A (S, Si, Cr)O_4 group is presumed to be disordered in the channel. The name honours Robert (Bob) Owen Meyer, one of the discoverers of the new mineral

Biochemistry of mobile zinc and nitric oxide revealed by fluorescent sensors

Biological mobile zinc and nitric oxide (NO) are two prominent examples of inorganic compounds involved in numerous signaling pathways in living systems. In the past decade, a synergy of regulation, signaling, and translocation of these two species has emerged in several areas of human physiology, providing additional incentive for developing adequate detection systems for Zn(II) ions and NO in biological specimens. Fluorescent probes for both of these bioinorganic analytes provide excellent tools for their detection, with high spatial and temporal resolution. We review the most widely used fluorescent sensors for biological zinc and nitric oxide, together with promising new developments and unmet needs of contemporary Zn(II) and NO biological imaging. The interplay between zinc and nitric oxide in the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems is highlighted to illustrate the contributions of selective fluorescent probes to the study of these two important bioinorganic analytes.National Science Foundation (Grant Number CHE-0907905)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant Number GM065519)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant Number K99GM092970

Photoelasticity of crystalline and amorphous silica from first principles

Based on density-functional perturbation theory we have computed from first principles the photoelastic tensor of few crystalline phases of silica at normal conditions and high pressure (quartz, $\alpha$-cristobalite, $\beta$-cristobalite) and of models of amorphous silica (containig up to 162 atoms), obtained by quenching from the melt in combined classical and Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. The computational framework has also been checked on the photoelastic tensor of crystalline silicon and MgO as prototypes of covalent and ionic systems. The agreement with available experimental data is good. A phenomenological model suitable to describe the photoelastic properties of different silica polymorphs is devised by fitting on the ab-initio data.Comment: ten figure

Simultaneously Bound Guests and Chiral Recognition: A Chiral Self-Assembled Supramolecular Host Encapsulates Hydrophobic Guests

Driven by the hydrophobic effect, a water-soluble, chiral, self-assembled supramolecular host is able to encapsulate hydrophobic organic guests in aqueous solution. Small aromatics can be encapsulated in the supramolecular assembly, and the simultaneous encapsulation of multiple guests is observed in many cases. The molecular host assembly is able to recognize different substitutional isomers of disubstituted benzenes with ortho substitution leading to the encapsulation of two guests, but meta or para substitution leading to the encapsulation of only one guest. The scope of hydrophobic guest encapsulation is further explored with chiral natural product guests. Upon encapsulation of chiral guests into the racemic host, diastereomeric host-guest complexes are formed with observed diastereoselectivities of up to 78:22 in the case of fenchone

Seminaphthofluorescein-Based Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Nitric Oxide in Live Cells

Fluorescent turn-on probes for nitric oxide based on seminaphthofluorescein scaffolds were prepared and spectroscopically characterized. The Cu(II) complexes of these fluorescent probes react with NO under anaerobic conditions to yield a 20–45-fold increase in integrated emission. The seminaphthofluorescein-based probes emit at longer wavelengths than the parent FL1 and FL2 fluorescein-based generations of NO probes, maintaining emission maxima between 550 and 625 nm. The emission profiles depend on the excitation wavelength; maximum fluorescence turn-on is achieved at excitations between 535 and 575 nm. The probes are highly selective for NO over other biologically relevant reactive nitrogen and oxygen species including NO3–, NO2–, HNO, ONOO–, NO2, OCl–, and H2O2. The seminaphthofluorescein-based probes can be used to visualize endogenously produced NO in live cells, as demonstrated using Raw 264.7 macrophages.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CHE-0611944)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (K99GM092970

Highly efficient catalysis of the Kemp elimination in the cavity of a cubic coordination cage.

The hollow cavities of coordination cages can provide an environment for enzyme-like catalytic reactions of small-molecule guests. Here, we report a new example (catalysis of the Kemp elimination reaction of benzisoxazole with hydroxide to form 2-cyanophenolate) in the cavity of a water-soluble M8L12 coordination cage, with two features of particular interest. First, the rate enhancement is among the largest observed to date: at pD 8.5, the value of kcat/kuncat is 2 × 10(5), due to the accumulation of a high concentration of partially desolvated hydroxide ions around the bound guest arising from ion-pairing with the 16+ cage. Second, the catalysis is based on two orthogonal interactions: (1) hydrophobic binding of benzisoxazole in the cavity and (2) polar binding of hydroxide ions to sites on the cage surface, both of which were established by competition experiments

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13