Čimbenici motivacije i uspjeha poduzetnika: nalazi iz zemlje u razvoju

This paper is focused on the study of motivational and success factors of entrepreneurs in Serbia with respect to the basic methodological approach developed by Chu (using principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation). The objective of the research was to analyse the motives of entrepreneurs starting their own business and to determine factors that affect the success of SMEs. The empirical research was conducted according to 11 motivational items of entrepreneurs to establish their own business and 17 items affecting entrepreneurs’ success. Four motivational factors are obtained in this research (greater business achievement, independence, intrinsic factor and job security), as well as seven factors affecting entrepreneurs’ success (position in society, interpersonal skills, approval and support, competitive product/ service, leadership skills, always to be informed and business reputation). Based on these results and their comparison with the empirical findings in other countries, it may be concluded that motivational factors of entrepreneurs are generic in developing countries. The results showed that there was a lack of motives concerned with sustainable development of enterprise in a long run. On the other hand, there is a variety of different success factors affecting entrepreneurs, which primarily depend on the current situation in the local environment.Ovaj rad je usmjeren na proučavanje motivacije i čimbenika uspjeha poduzetnika u Srbiji u odnosu na osnovni metodološki pristup razvijen od strane Chu (koristeći analizu glavnih komponenata sa varimax rotacijom čimbenika). Cilj istraživanja bio je analizirati motive poduzetnika za pokretanje vlastitog poslovanja i odrediti čimbenike koji utječu na uspješnost malih i srednjih poduzeća. Istraživanje je provedeno prema 11 motivacijskih stavki poduzetnika za uspostavljanje vlastitog biznisa i 17 stavki koje utječu na uspjeh poduzetnika. Četiri motivacijska čimbenika su dobivena u ovom istraživanju (veći poslovni uspjeh, neovisnost, unutarnji faktor i sigurnost radnog mjesta), kao i sedam čimbenika koji utječu na poduzetnički uspjeh (pozicija u društvu, interpersonalne vještine, odobrenje i podrška, konkurentni proizvod/usluga, vještine vodstva, uvijek biti obaviješten i poslovni ugled). Na temelju tih rezultata i njihove usporedbe s empirijskim nalazima u drugim zemljama, može se zaključiti da su motivacijski čimbenici poduzetnika generički u zemljama u razvoju. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji nedostatak motiva koje se bave održivim razvojem poduzeća u dugom periodu. S druge strane, postoji niz različitih čimbenika koji utječu na uspjeh poduzetnika, koji prvenstveno ovise o trenutnoj situaciji u lokalnoj sredini

Performance of the Product of Three Nakagami-m Random Variables

An output signal from a multi-section wireless relay communication system is equal to the product of the signal envelopes from individual sections. In this paper, a three-sections relay system is considered in the presence of Nakagami-m fading at each section. First, random variable (RV) is formed as the product of three Nakagami-m RVs. For such product, the moments are determined in the closed forms. The first moment is the mean of the signal; the second moment is the average power of the signal, and the third moment is skewness. Then, the Amount of Fading (AoF) is calculated. AoF is a measure of the severity effect of fading in a particular channel model. Besides, all system performance are shown graphically and the parameters influence has been analyzed and discussed

Viral Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients

Viruses are among the most common causes of opportunistic infection after transplantation. The risk for viral infection is a function of the specific virus encountered, the intensity of immune suppression used to prevent graft rejection, and other host factors governing susceptibility. Although cytomegalovirus is the most common opportunistic pathogen seen in transplant recipients, numerous other viruses have also affected outcomes. In some cases, preventive measures such as pretransplant screening, prophylactic antiviral therapy, or posttransplant viral monitoring may limit the impact of these infections. Recent advances in laboratory monitoring and antiviral therapy have improved outcomes. Studies of viral latency, reactivation, and the cellular effects of viral infection will provide clues for future strategies in prevention and treatment of viral infections. This paper will summarize the major viral infections seen following transplant and discuss strategies for prevention and management of these potential pathogens

Čimbenici motivacije i uspjeha poduzetnika: nalazi iz zemlje u razvoju

This paper is focused on the study of motivational and success factors of entrepreneurs in Serbia with respect to the basic methodological approach developed by Chu (using principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation). The objective of the research was to analyse the motives of entrepreneurs starting their own business and to determine factors that affect the success of SMEs. The empirical research was conducted according to 11 motivational items of entrepreneurs to establish their own business and 17 items affecting entrepreneurs’ success. Four motivational factors are obtained in this research (greater business achievement, independence, intrinsic factor and job security), as well as seven factors affecting entrepreneurs’ success (position in society, interpersonal skills, approval and support, competitive product/ service, leadership skills, always to be informed and business reputation). Based on these results and their comparison with the empirical findings in other countries, it may be concluded that motivational factors of entrepreneurs are generic in developing countries. The results showed that there was a lack of motives concerned with sustainable development of enterprise in a long run. On the other hand, there is a variety of different success factors affecting entrepreneurs, which primarily depend on the current situation in the local environment.Ovaj rad je usmjeren na proučavanje motivacije i čimbenika uspjeha poduzetnika u Srbiji u odnosu na osnovni metodološki pristup razvijen od strane Chu (koristeći analizu glavnih komponenata sa varimax rotacijom čimbenika). Cilj istraživanja bio je analizirati motive poduzetnika za pokretanje vlastitog poslovanja i odrediti čimbenike koji utječu na uspješnost malih i srednjih poduzeća. Istraživanje je provedeno prema 11 motivacijskih stavki poduzetnika za uspostavljanje vlastitog biznisa i 17 stavki koje utječu na uspjeh poduzetnika. Četiri motivacijska čimbenika su dobivena u ovom istraživanju (veći poslovni uspjeh, neovisnost, unutarnji faktor i sigurnost radnog mjesta), kao i sedam čimbenika koji utječu na poduzetnički uspjeh (pozicija u društvu, interpersonalne vještine, odobrenje i podrška, konkurentni proizvod/usluga, vještine vodstva, uvijek biti obaviješten i poslovni ugled). Na temelju tih rezultata i njihove usporedbe s empirijskim nalazima u drugim zemljama, može se zaključiti da su motivacijski čimbenici poduzetnika generički u zemljama u razvoju. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji nedostatak motiva koje se bave održivim razvojem poduzeća u dugom periodu. S druge strane, postoji niz različitih čimbenika koji utječu na uspjeh poduzetnika, koji prvenstveno ovise o trenutnoj situaciji u lokalnoj sredini

ECG Changes in 8-Year-Old Boy with Pulmonary Edema after Head Injury

This is a case story of an 8-year-old boy with no prior history of cardiac disease who developed acute pulmonary edema with ECG changes similar to transmural myocardial infarction after basilar skull fracture. Biochemical evaluation showed elevated total creatine kinase activity -1,350 U/L with 12% MB isoenzyme fraction. The brain scan on admission showed cerebral edema with ethmoidal sinuses hemorrhage. Neurogenic pulmonary edema following CNS damage is an extremely rare entity in the pediatric population and there are few reports. There are many proposed mechanisms and explanations of its origin. Based on previous reports and experimental studies, the cause of "neurogenic" pulmonary edema may be of cardiac as well as of noncardiac origin

ECG Changes in 8-Year-Old Boy with Pulmonary Edema after Head Injury

This is a case story of an 8-year-old boy with no prior history of cardiac disease who developed acute pulmonary edema with ECG changes similar to transmural myocardial infarction after basilar skull fracture. Biochemical evaluation showed elevated total creatine kinase activity –1,350 U/L with 12% MB isoenzyme fraction. The brain scan on admission showed cerebral edema with ethmoidal sinuses hemorrhage. Neurogenic pulmonary edema following CNS damage is an extremely rare entity in the pediatric population and there are few reports. There are many proposed mechanisms and explanations of its origin. Based on previous reports and experimental studies, the cause of “neurogenic” pulmonary edema may be of cardiac as well as of noncardiac origin

Variation of the cytokine profiles in gingival crevicular fluid between different groups of periodontally healthy teeth

© 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. Profiling of biomarkers of physiological process represents an integrative part in optimisation of diagnostic markers in order to adjust the diagnostic ranges to the potential effects of the local factors such occlusal forces in case of periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was estimation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and IFNγ concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) between different groups of teeth. Two hundred fifty-nine systemically healthy non-smokers having at least one vital tooth without restorations, with healthy periodontal tissues, were clinically examined and the GCF sample was retrieved. The cytokine levels were estimated using flow cytometry and compared between central incisors (CI), lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context

Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating : universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2.

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating

Monitoring of species’ genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts

Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected in biodiversity monitoring, and when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting of efforts to monitor population genetic diversity in Europe (genetic monitoring effort, GME), the evaluation of which can help guide future capacity building and collaboration towards areas most in need of expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with areas where the ranges of selected species of conservation interest approach current and future climate niche limits helps identify whether GME coincides with anticipated climate change effects on biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources and conservation policy influence GME, high values of which only partially match species’ joint patterns of limits to suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing climatic niche margins probably hold genetic diversity that is important for adaptation to changing climate. Our results illuminate the need in Europe for expanded investment in genetic monitoring across climate gradients occupied by focal species, a need arguably greatest in southeastern European countries. This need could be met in part by expanding the European Union’s Birds and Habitats Directives to fully address the conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity