Direct measurement and modeling of intraglottal, subglottal, and vocal fold collision pressures during phonation in an individual with a hemilaryngectomy

The purpose of this paper is to report on the first in vivo application of a recently developed transoral, dual-sensor pressure probe that directly measures intraglottal, subglottal, and vocal fold collision pressures during phonation. Synchronous measurement of intraglottal and subglottal pressures was accomplished using two miniature pressure sensors mounted on the end of the probe and inserted transorally in a 78-year-old male who had previously undergone surgical removal of his right vocal fold for treatment of laryngeal cancer. The endoscopist used one hand to position the custom probe against the surgically medialized scar band that replaced the right vocal fold and used the other hand to position a transoral endoscope to record laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy of the vibrating left vocal fold contacting the pressure probe. Visualization of the larynx during sustained phonation allowed the endoscopist to place the dual-sensor pressure probe such that the proximal sensor was positioned intraglottally and the distal sensor subglottally. The proximal pressure sensor was verified to be in the strike zone of vocal fold collision during phonation when the intraglottal pressure signal exhibited three characteristics: an impulsive peak at the start of the closed phase, a rounded peak during the open phase, and a minimum value around zero immediately preceding the impulsive peak of the subsequent phonatory cycle. Numerical voice production modeling was applied to validate model-based predictions of vocal fold collision pressure using kinematic vocal fold measures. The results successfully demonstrated feasibility of in vivo measurement of vocal fold collision pressure in an individual with a hemilaryngectomy, motivating ongoing data collection that is designed to aid in the development of vocal dose measures that incorporate vocal fold impact collision and stresses.Fil: Mehta, Daryush D.. Massachusetts General Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Kobler, James B.. Massachusetts General Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Zeitels, Steven M.. Harvard Medical School. Department of Medicine. Massachusetts General Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Zañartu, Matías. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; ChileFil: Ibarra, Emiro J.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; ChileFil: Alzamendi, Gabriel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática; ArgentinaFil: Manriquez, Rodrigo. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; ChileFil: Erath, Byron D.. Clarkson University; Estados UnidosFil: Peterson, Sean D.. University of Waterloo; CanadáFil: Petrillo, Robert H.. Center For Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation; Estados UnidosFil: Hillman, Robert E.. Center For Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School. Department of Medicine. Massachusetts General Hospital; Estados Unido

Las plántulas de Ficus, subgénero Pharmacosycea (Moraceae), en Veracruz, México

The germination and morphology of seedlings of the following five species of Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea, from Veracruz are described: Ficus insipida Willd., F. lapathifolia (Liebm.) Miq., F. maxima Mill., F. patenensis Lundell y F. yoponensis Desv. The five taxa have epigeal seedlings (phanerocotylar or Macaranga type). The germination in all species occurred within three weeks. The seedlings characteristics are very similar and do not permit the separation of species. The presence of hydathodes in the leaf margins is reported for the first time in the subgenus Pharmacosycea.Se describe e ilustra la germinación y morfología de las plántulas de cinco especies de Ficus subgénero Pharmacosycea, nativas de Veracruz: Ficus insipida Willd., F. lapathifolia (Liebm.) Miq., F. maxima Mill., F. patenensis Lundell y F. yoponensis Desv. Los cinco taxa presentaron plántulas epígeas (fanerocotilares o del tipo Macaranga), germinando en un máximo de tres semanas, sin permitir la caracterización a nivel de especie. Se documenta por primera vez la presencia de hidátodos en los márgenes de las hojas para los miembros del subgénero Pharmacosycea

Psychopterys rivularis

Angiosperm

Heteropterys laurifolia

Angiosperm