23 research outputs found
Una visiĂłn de la infancia desde la osteoarqueologĂa: de la Prehistoria reciente a la Edad Media
Our main goal with this text is to show different examples of children from paleopathological and anthropological studies from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. This analysis allows us first to evaluate the importance of studies carried out in the Iberian Peninsula and second to open new perspectives about the study of childhood as a relevant category of historical analysis.Nuestro objetivo en este texto es mostrar varios ejemplos de infantiles procedentes de estudios antropolĂłgicos y paleopatolĂłgicos desde el NeolĂtico a la Edad Media que nos permita, por un lado, valorar la importancia de los estudios realizados en nuestro entorno, y por otro, abrir un panorama de reflexiĂłn a la hora de afrontar nuevos proyectos en los que la infancia pueda ser reconocida como parte fundamental de la Historia
Las inhumaciones perinatales de el CastejĂłn de Bargota (Navarra)
Se analizan los restos esqueléticos de dos perinatales, procedentes de un
yacimiento de la Edad del Hierro de la cuenca del Ebro. Ambos proceden de la misma
vivienda
Enterramientos infantiles en el oppidum en El MĂłlĂłn (Camporrobles, Valencia)
Se analizan las inhumaciones perinatales identificadas en el oppidum de El MolĂłn.
Se trata de tres enterramientos, uno de ellos doble, probablemente gemelar, procedentes de espacios domĂ©sticos o ĂĄreas de producciĂłn, en algĂșn caso con presencia de ajuar. Se fechan hacia el siglo II a.C.---------------------This article analyzes three perinatal burials from the oppidum of El MolĂłn. One of them was double and probably a twin pregnancy. The burials seem to be originally from domestic spaces and production areas, in some cases they were found in the presence of funeral offerings. The burials are dated in around the second century BC
El asentamiento neolĂtico de Limoneros (Elche, Alicante).
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de las intervenciones de urgencia llevadas a cabo en el yacimiento de Limoneros, asentamiento al aire libre ocupado durante la primera mitad del V milenio cal BC localizado al sur de la ciudad de Elche (Alicante), en la llanura aluvial del rĂo VinalopĂł. Durante los trabajos de excavaciĂłn se reconocieron distintas estructuras negativas entre las que destacan dos tramos de foso, silos y cubetas, estructuras que quedaron amortizadas en Ășltima instancia como zonas de desecho. El anĂĄlisis global de las evidencias recuperadas permite caracterizar las actividades desarrolladas por una comunidad campesina en un espacio geogrĂĄfico articulado por el VinalopĂł, ĂĄmbito en el cual se ha documentado un buen nĂșmero de asentamientos asociados a este momento, convirtiĂ©ndose en un marco referente para explicar la expansiĂłn y consolidaciĂłn de las sociedades neolĂticas en el sur del Levante peninsular.
Effect of an Intensive Weight-Loss Lifestyle Intervention on Kidney Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Introduction: Large randomized trials testing the effect of a multifactorial weight-loss lifestyle intervention including Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on renal function are lacking. Here, we evaluated the 1-year efficacy of an intensive weight-loss intervention with an energy-reduced MedDiet (erMedDiet) plus increased physical activity (PA) on renal function. Methods: Randomized controlled "PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea-Plus"(PREDIMED-Plus) trial is conducted in 23 Spanish centers comprising 208 primary care clinics. Overweight/obese (n = 6,719) adults aged 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention with an erMedDiet, PA promotion, and behavioral support (intervention) or usual-care advice to adhere to an energy-unrestricted MedDiet (control) between September 2013 and December 2016. The primary outcome was 1-year change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR). Secondary outcomes were changes in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), incidence of moderately/severely impaired EGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and micro-to macroalbuminuria (UACR â„30 mg/g), and reversion of moderately (45 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) to mildly impaired GFR (60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2) or micro-to macroalbuminuria. Results: After 1 year, EGFR declined by 0.66 and 1.25 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the intervention and control groups, respectively (mean difference, 0.58 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI: 0.15-1.02). There were no between-group differences in mean UACR or micro-to macroalbuminuria changes. Moderately/severely impaired EGFR incidence and reversion of moderately to mildly impaired GFR were 40% lower (HR 0.60; 0.44-0.82) and 92% higher (HR 1.92; 1.35-2.73), respectively, in the intervention group. Conclusions: The PREDIMED-Plus lifestyle intervention approach may preserve renal function and delay CKD progression in overweight/obese adults.This work was supported by the official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER FisiopatologĂa de la Obesidad y NutriciĂłn (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Fondo de InvestigaciĂłn para la Salud (FIS), which is cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund (5 coordinated FIS projects leaded by J.S.-S and J.V., including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926; PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, and PI19/01332); the Especial Action Project entitled ImplementaciĂłn y evaluaciĂłn de una intervenciĂłn intensiva sobre la actividad fĂsica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to J.S.-S.; the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2014â2019; agreement #340918) granted to M.Ă.M.-G.; the Recercaixa (No. 2013ACUP00194) grant to J.S.-S.; grants from the ConsejerĂa de Salud de la Junta de AndalucĂa (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, and PI0137/2018); the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana; the SEMERGEN grant; funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03); International Nut & Dried Fruit Council â FESNAD (Long-term effects of an energyrestricted Mediterranean diet on mortality and cardiovascular disease 2014â2015, No. 201302) (PI: M.Ă.M.-G.); the AstraZeneca Young Investigators Award in Category of Obesity and T2D 2017 (PI: D.R.); grant of support to research groups No. 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Gov.; FEDER funds) (J.A.T. and C.B.); the JR17/00022 (ISCIII) grant to O.C.; the Boosting young talent call grant program for the development of IISPV research projects 2019â2021 (Ref.: 2019/IISPV/03 grant to A.D.-L.); the Societat Catalana dâEndocrinologia i NutriciĂł (SCEN) Clinical-Research Grant 2019 (IPs: J.S.-S. and A.D.-L.). Collaborative Nutrition and/or Obesity Project for Young Researchers 2019 supported by CIBEROBN entitled Lifestyle Interventions and Chronic Kidney Disease: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolomic Profile (LIKIDI study) grant to A.D.-L
Prodromal symptoms and the duration of untreated psychosis in first episode of psychosis patients: what differences are there between early vs. adult onset and between schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder?
To assess the role of age (early onset psychosis-EOPâ<â18 years vs. adult onset psychosis-AOP) and diagnosis (schizophrenia spectrum disorders-SSD vs. bipolar disorders-BD) on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and prodromal symptoms in a sample of patients with a first episode of psychosis. 331 patients with a first episode of psychosis (7â35 years old) were recruited and 174 (52.6%) diagnosed with SSD or BD at one-year follow-up through a multicenter longitudinal study. The Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV diagnoses were administered. Generalized linear models compared the main effects and group interaction. 273 AOP (25.2â±â5.1 years; 66.5% male) and 58 EOP patients (15.5â±â1.8 years; 70.7% male) were included. EOP patients had significantly more prodromal symptoms with a higher frequency of trouble with thinking, avolition and hallucinations than AOP patients, and significantly different median DUP (91 [33â177] vs. 58 [21â140] days; Zâ=ââ 2.006, pâ=â0.045). This was also significantly longer in SSD vs. BD patients (90 [31â155] vs. 30 [7â66] days; Zâ=ââ 2.916, pâ=â0.004) who, moreover had different profiles of prodromal symptoms. When assessing the interaction between age at onset (EOP/AOP) and type of diagnosis (SSD/BD), avolition was significantly higher (Wald statisticâ=â3.945; pâ=â0.047), in AOP patients with SSD compared to AOP BD patients (pâ=â0.004). Awareness of differences in length of DUP and prodromal symptoms in EOP vs. AOP and SSD vs. BD patients could help improve the early detection of psychosis among minors
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic
Sensory substitution: The affordance of passability, body-scaled perception, and exploratory movements
The theory of affordances states that perception is of environmental properties that are relevant to action-capabilities of perceivers. The present study illustrates how concepts and methodological tools from the theory of affordances may help to advance research in the field of sensory substitution. The sensory substitution device (SSD) that was used consisted of two horizontal rows of 12 coin motors that each vibrated as a function of the distance to the nearest object. Sixty blindfolded participants used the SSD to explore virtual horizontal apertures with different widths. They were asked to judge the passability of the apertures. Participants with narrow shoulders judged narrower apertures as passable than participants with wide shoulders. This difference disappeared when aperture width was scaled to shoulder width, demonstrating that perception was body scaled. The actual aperture width was closely related to aspects of the exploratory movements and to aspects of the vibrotactile stimulation that was obtained with the exploratory movements. This implies that the exploratory movements themselves and the vibrotactile stimulation were both informative about the aperture width, and hence that the perception of passability may have been based on either of them or on a global variable that spans vibrotactile as well as kinaesthetic stimulation. Similar performance was observed for participants who accomplished the 7-trial familiarization phase with or without vision, meaning that practice with vision is not indispensable to learn to use the SSD.2018-201
Enterramientos infantiles en el oppidum en El MĂłlĂłn (Camporrobles, Valencia)
Se analizan las inhumaciones perinatales identificadas en el oppidum de El MolĂłn.
Se trata de tres enterramientos, uno de ellos doble, probablemente gemelar, procedentes de espacios domĂ©sticos o ĂĄreas de producciĂłn, en algĂșn caso con presencia de ajuar. Se fechan hacia el siglo II a.C.---------------------This article analyzes three perinatal burials from the oppidum of El MolĂłn. One of them was double and probably a twin pregnancy. The burials seem to be originally from domestic spaces and production areas, in some cases they were found in the presence of funeral offerings. The burials are dated in around the second century BC