Population aging in Korea: Changes since the 1960s

This study describes the characteristics of the Korean elderly. This study also investigates the population aging in conjunction with social and economic changes in Korea. Finally, this study explores social and economic implications with respect to the current and projected situation of the Korea elderly. Korean society has experienced very rapid changes both in demographic transition and population aging mainly due to the rapid processes of industrialization and urbanization, especially since 1960s. The rapid process of population aging has brought about the increase of dependency ratio, increasingly imbalanced sex ratio, and the decrease of the proportion of the elderly living with children. This paper concludes that the responsibility for the welfare of the elderly should shift from the family to the government.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42974/1/10823_2004_Article_BF00115802.pd

Performance Study of Layered Division Multiplexing Based on SDR Platform

[EN] Two of the main drawbacks of the current broadcasting services are, on the one hand, the lack of flexibility to adapt to the new generation systems requirements, and on the other hand, the incapability of taking a piece of the current mobile services market. In this paper, Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM), which grew out of the concept of Cloud Txn, is presented as a very promising technique for answering those challenges and enhancing the capacity of broadcasting systems. The major contribution of this work is to present the first comprehensive study of the LDM performance behavior. In particular, in this paper, the theoretical considerations of the LDM implementation are completed with the first computer based simulations and laboratory tests, covering a wide range of stationary channels and the mobile TU-6 channel. The results will support LDM as a strong candidate for multiplexing different services in the next generation broadcasting systems, increasing both flexibility and performance.This work has been financially supported in part by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (UFI 11/30), by the Basque Government (IT-683-13 and SAIOTEK), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the project NG-RADIATE (TEC2009-14201), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project HEDYT-GBB (TEC2012-33302) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

Cloud Transmission: System Performance and Application Scenarios

[EN] Cloud Transmission (Cloud Txn) System is a flexible multi-layer system that uses spectrum overlay technology to simultaneously deliver multiple program streams with different characteristics and robustness for different services (mobile TV, HDTV and UHDTV) in one RF channel. The transmitted signal is formed by superimposing a number of independent signals at desired power levels, to form a multilayered signal. The signals of different layers can have different coding, bit rate, and robustness. For the top layer, system parameters are chosen to provide very robust transmission that can be used for high speed mobile broadcasting service to portable devices. The bit rate is traded for more powerful error correction coding and robustness so that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold at the receiver is a negative value in the range of -2 to -3 dB. The top layer is designed to withstand combined noise, co-channel interference and multipath distortion power levels higher than the desired signal power. The lowerlayer signal can be DVB-T2 signal or other newly designed system to deliver HDTV/UHDTV to fixed receivers. The system concept is open to technological advances that might come in the future: all new technologies, BICM/Non Uuniform-QAM, rotated constellations, Time Frequency Slicing or MIMO techniques can be implemented in the Cloud Txn lower (high data) rate layer. The main focus of this paper is to thoroughly describe the performance of this newly presented Cloud Transmission broadcasting system.This work has been financially supported in part by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (UFI 11/30), by the Basque Government (IT-683- 13 and SAIOTEK), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the project NG-RADIATE (TEC2009-14201), and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project HEDYT-GBB (TEC2012- 33302

Histological and ultrastructural evaluation of the early healing of the lateral collateral ligament epiligament tissue in a rat knee model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this study, we evaluated the changes which occurred in the epiligament, an enveloping tissue of the ligament, during the ligament healing. We assessed the association of epiligament elements that could be involved in ligament healing.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-two 8-month old male Wistar rats were used in this study. In twenty-four of them the lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint was surgically transected and was allowed to heal spontaneously. The evaluation of the epiligament healing included light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the eight, sixteenth and thirtieth day after injury, the animals were sacrificed and the ligaments were examined. Our results revealed that on the eight and sixteenth day post-injury the epiligament tissue is not completely regenerated. Till the thirtieth day after injury the epiligament is similar to normal, but not fully restored.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study offered a more complete description of the epiligament healing process and defined its important role in ligament healing. Thus, we provided a base for new strategies in ligament treatment.</p

Pairing symmetry and properties of iron-based high temperature superconductors

Pairing symmetry is important to indentify the pairing mechanism. The analysis becomes particularly timely and important for the newly discovered iron-based multi-orbital superconductors. From group theory point of view we classified all pairing matrices (in the orbital space) that carry irreducible representations of the system. The quasiparticle gap falls into three categories: full, nodal and gapless. The nodal-gap states show conventional Volovik effect even for on-site pairing. The gapless states are odd in orbital space, have a negative superfluid density and are therefore unstable. In connection to experiments we proposed possible pairing states and implications for the pairing mechanism.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table, 2 figures, polished versio

Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche.

Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P < 5 × 10(-8)) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci (DLK1-WDR25, MKRN3-MAGEL2 and KCNK9) demonstrating parent-of-origin-specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signalling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition

An Analysis of Human MicroRNA and Disease Associations

It has been reported that increasingly microRNAs are associated with diseases. However, the patterns among the microRNA-disease associations remain largely unclear. In this study, in order to dissect the patterns of microRNA-disease associations, we performed a comprehensive analysis to the human microRNA-disease association data, which is manually collected from publications. We built a human microRNA associated disease network. Interestingly, microRNAs tend to show similar or different dysfunctional evidences for the similar or different disease clusters, respectively. A negative correlation between the tissue-specificity of a microRNA and the number of diseases it associated was uncovered. Furthermore, we observed an association between microRNA conservation and disease. Finally, we uncovered that microRNAs associated with the same disease tend to emerge as predefined microRNA groups. These findings can not only provide help in understanding the associations between microRNAs and human diseases but also suggest a new way to identify novel disease-associated microRNAs

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO