Çevre Eğitiminin Çevreye Duyarlı Davranışlar Üzerindeki Etkisi

The main purpose of this study is to measure the environmental knowledge and behaviors of university students who are subjected to environmental courses during their education and to check if there exists a relationship between those two variables namely, environmental knowledge and behavior. For this purpose, a questionnaire with two parts; part one, for the measurement of environmental knowledge and part two, for the measurement of environmental behaviors was applied to Gazi University, Vocational School of Health Services, Environmental Health Program students who are subjected to environmental courses during their training and to Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Social Sciences Education students as a control group who are not given any environmental lecture. The interpretation of results indicated that there is no statistically important difference among students (t=0.652, p>0.05) in terms of environmental knowledge. However, environmental behaviors of ‘Environmental Health Program’ students differs (t=2.039, p< 0.05) from the ‘Social Science Education’ students. Students who had taken environmental lectures are found behaving more environmentally way (mean 1.300) than the others (mean 1.178). Additionally, it is found that gender did not differ significantly from each other in environmental knowledge (t=1.290, p>0.05) Therefore a specific importance should be given to ‘environmental education’ in schools to promote environmentally responsible individuals.Bu çalışmada, ‘çevre’ konularında eğitim gören üniversite öğrencilerinin, çevre ve doğa korunmasına ilişkin teorik derslerde edindikleri bilgileri, davranışlarına aktarıp aktaramadıkları, yani sahip oldukları ‘çevre bilgisi’ ile gösterdikleri ‘çevreci davranışlar’ arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, sosyodemografik parametrelere bir örnek olarak ‘cinsiyet’in çevre bilgisi ve çevreci davranış üzerindeki etkileri ölçülmüştür. Bu amaçla, çevre bilgisini ve çevreci davranışları ölçen, iki farklı bölümden oluşan anket formu çevre alanında eğitim alan, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu, Çevre Sağlığı Programı öğrencilerine ve kontrol amaçlı Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Sosyal Bilgiler Bölümü öğrencilerine uygulanmıştır. Anketlerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, çevre alanında eğitim alan ve almayan öğrenciler arasında ‘çevre bilgisi’ alanında, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (t=0.652, p> 0.05).   Ancak, Çevre Sağlığı öğrencilerinin, çevreci davranışlar göstermek konusunda daha duyarlı oldukları, çevreyi koruyan davranış kalıplarını daha fazla uyguladıkları, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir  şekilde ortaya konmuştur (t=2.039, p< 0.05).  Yapılan çalışmada, cinsiyetin, çevre bilgisi ve çevreci davranışlar üzerinde etkili bir faktör olmadığı ortaya çıkmış, cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilere neden çevreyi korumak gerektiği ve çevre sorunlarının önemi yeterince kavratıldığında, pozitif davranışlar sergileyebilmektedirler. Dolayısıyla, eğitimin her boyutunda, “çevre eğitimi” alanına özel bir önem verilmelidir

Kekemeliği olan erişkinlerde kekemelik davranışları, fiziksel gerilim, oral diadokokinetik hız ve kekemelikle ilgili yardımcı olmayan düşünceler ve inançlar arasındaki ilişkiler

Objective: This study examines the relationships between stuttering behaviour, physical tension, oral-diadochokinetic (oralDDK) rate, and Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about StutteringTurkish Version (UTBAS-TR) scores. As another objective, it aims to examine the variables predicting secondary behaviours. Material and Methods: The study included 28 adults who stutter. Stuttering behaviours were evaluated through the Stuttering Severity Instrument-4 protocol. Physical tension was evaluated perceptively by three raters. Oral-DDK production was calculated by the PRAAT software. Cognitions about stuttering were evaluated with UTBAS-TR. The correlation among variables and their levels of prediction of secondary behaviours were analyzed. Results: All UTBAS-TR scores showed a significant positive correlation with duration, whereas they were negatively and significantly correlated with the /paka/ syllable’s oral-DDK rate. Except for the UTBAS-TR-I (frequency) score, other UTBAS-TR scores showed a negative correlation on a significant level with the oral-DDK rate of the /pata/ syllable. The percentage of stuttered syllables (SS%) and UTBAS-TR-III (anxiety) scores also showed a significant positive correlation. Additionally, it was found that physical tension had a predictive effect on secondary behaviours (p<0.05). Conclusion: Evidence is provided on how motor and psychological factors interact with stuttering. Moreover, it is seen as important in terms of the clinical sense as the theoretical sense that the relationships shown by the symptoms and tension predicted secondary behaviours.Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; kekemelik davranışları, fiziksel gerilim, oral-diadokokinetik (oral-DDK) hız ve Kekemelikle İlgili Yararlı Olmayan Düşünceler ve İnançlar-Türkçe Versiyonu [Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering-Turkish Version (UTBAS-TR) ölçeğinin skorları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Diğer amaç ise ikincil davranışları yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, kekemeliği olan 28 erişkin birey katılmıştır. Kekemelik davranışları, Kekemelik Şiddeti Değerlendirme Aracı-4 protokolü temel alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Fiziksel gerilim, üç değerlendirici tarafından algısal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Oral-DDK üretimleri, PRAAT ile analiz edilerek hesaplanmıştır. Kekemeliğe ilişkin bilişler UTBAS-TR ile değerlendirilmiştir. Değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkisi ve bu değişkenlerin ikincil davranışları yordama düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Tüm UTBAS-TR skorları, süre ile anlamlı düzeyde pozitif ilişkili ve /paka/ hecesindeki oral-DDK hızı ile negatif ilişkili bulunmuştur. UTBAS-TR-I (frekans) skoru hariç diğer UTBASTR skorları da /pata/ hecesinin Oral-DDK hızıyla anlamlı düzeyde negatif ilişkiye sahiptir. Konuşmanın kekelenen hece yüzdesi ile UTBAS-TR-III (anksiyete) skoru da anlamlı pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Ayrıca fiziksel gerilim değişkeninin ikincil davranışlar üzerinde yordayıcı etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Motor ve psikolojik faktörlerin kekemelikte nasıl bir etkileşim sergilediğine dair kanıtlar sunulmuştur. Ayrıca belirtilerin sergilediği ilişkiler ve gerilimin ikincil davranışları yorduyor olması kuramsal açıdan olduğu kadar klinik açıdan da önemli görülmektedir.Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; kekemelik davranışları, fiziksel gerilim, oral-diadokokinetik (oral-DDK) hız ve Kekemelikle İlgili Yararlı Olmayan Düşünceler ve İnançlar-Türkçe Versiyonu [Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering-Turkish Version (UTBAS-TR) ölçeğinin skorları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Diğer amaç ise ikincil davranışları yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, kekemeliği olan 28 erişkin birey katılmıştır. Kekemelik davranışları, Kekemelik Şiddeti Değerlendirme Aracı-4 protokolü temel alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Fiziksel gerilim, üç değerlendirici tarafından algısal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Oral-DDK üretimleri, PRAAT ile analiz edilerek hesaplanmıştır. Kekemeliğe ilişkin bilişler UTBAS-TR ile değerlendirilmiştir. Değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkisi ve bu değişkenlerin ikincil davranışları yordama düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Tüm UTBAS-TR skorları, süre ile anlamlı düzeyde pozitif ilişkili ve /paka/ hecesindeki oral-DDK hızı ile negatif ilişkili bulunmuştur. UTBAS-TR-I (frekans) skoru hariç diğer UTBASTR skorları da /pata/ hecesinin Oral-DDK hızıyla anlamlı düzeyde negatif ilişkiye sahiptir. Konuşmanın kekelenen hece yüzdesi ile UTBAS-TR-III (anksiyete) skoru da anlamlı pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Ayrıca fiziksel gerilim değişkeninin ikincil davranışlar üzerinde yordayıcı etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Motor ve psikolojik faktörlerin kekemelikte nasıl bir etkileşim sergilediğine dair kanıtlar sunulmuştur. Ayrıca belirtilerin sergilediği ilişkiler ve gerilimin ikincil davranışları yorduyor olması kuramsal açıdan olduğu kadar klinik açıdan da önemli görülmektedir

Preferences of speech and language therapists for telepractice in the COVID-19 pandemic and factors affecting their acceptance of the delivery model

Objectives: With the COVID-19 pandemic, telepractice became a great option in speech-language therapy services, as in many healthcare utilities. However, the transition to this service model did not occur at a similar rate for every clinician. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the experiences, preferences and factors affecting the acceptance of speech-language therapists (SLT) regarding telepractice in Turkey.Methods: Sixty-seven SLTs were presented with a questionnaire that addressed the professional tendencies, experiences and views on telepractice of them. Descriptive statistics regarding the preferences and experiences of SLTs were calculated. Moreover, factors that might be related to the number of sessions they held at the pandemic were examined with the Chi-squared test.Results: The speech-language disorders that SLTs find the most suitable for telepractice were fluency disorders, voice disorders and speech sound disorders. Groups that SLTs deemed most suitable for receiving telepractice in terms of age were 12-21, 22-64 and 7-11, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of online meetings and telepractice sessions before the pandemic and the number of sessions during the pandemic. Furthermore, a significant relationship also was found between satisfaction with using clinician skills in telepractice and the number of telepractice sessions during the pandemic.Conclusions: The importance of the first experiences of SLTs in the acceptance of the delivery method emerged. The necessity of in-service trainings and exemplary models to improve attitudes emerged. With these trainings, ensuring security, standardizing practices and increasing qualified services will be provided as well

Analysis, design and "in silico" evaluation of e-selectin antagonists

E-selectin, is member of a family of cell-adhesion proteins, which plays a crucial role in many physiological processes and diseases [1], and in particular, in the early phases of the inflammatory response. Its role is to promote the tethering and the rolling of leukocytes along the endothelial surface [2]. These steps are then followed by integrin-mediated firm adhesion and final transendothelial migration. Therefore, control of the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion process may be useful in cases, where excessive recruitment of leukocytes can contribute to acute or chronic diseases such as stroke, reperfusion injury, psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis [3]. In this work, efforts to develop in silico-based protocols to study the interaction between E-selectin and its ligands, are presented. Hence, different protocols had to be developed and validated. In particular, a new procedure for the analysis of the conformational preferences of E-selectin antagonists was established and the results compared to those obtained with the MC(JBW)/SD approach, which had already demonstrated its validity in the past [161,168]. Thus, the comparison between the two protocols permitted to recognize a different conformational preference of the two methods for the orientation of the sialic acid moiety of sLex (3) (torsions Φ3 and Ψ3, Figure A), which reflects the contrasting opinions existing for the conformation adopted by sLex (3) in solution [150–168]. A more detailed analysis revealed that probably both approaches deliver only a partially correct view and that in reality, in solution, sLex (3) exists as a mixture of low energy conformers and not as supposed to date [150–154,161–163] as a population of a single conformer. In addition, a docking routine was established and the impact of different partialcharge methods and of explicit solvation on the binding mode studied. MD simulations enabled to gain an insight into the dynamical character of the protein-ligand interactions. In particular, the observations done in an atomic-force microscopy study [350], describing the interactions between the carboxylic group of sLex and Arg97, and between the 3– and 4–hydroxyls of fucose and the calcium ion, as the two main energy barriers for the dissociation process of the protein-ligand complex, found confirmation in our MD-investigations. Thus, these two contacts always lasted longer than any other in the MD simulation. QSAR-models with Quasar [270–272,351] and Raptor [315,316,335] were successfully derived and will permit a semi-quantitative in silico estimation of the binding affinity for the ligands that will be designed in the future. Finally, the developed protocols and models were applied for the development of new E-selectin antagonists. Unfortunately, to date, only few biological data is available to evaluate our design strategies. However, the impact of the ligand’s pre-organization on the binding affinity could be established at least for the Lexcore of sLex (3). Hence, the importance of the exo-anomeric effect, of the steric compression, and of the hydrophobic interaction between the methyl group of fucose and the β-face of galactose was clearly demonstrated

Towards Increased Recovery of Critical Raw Materials from WEEE– evaluation of CRMs at a component level and pre-processing methods for interface optimisation with recovery processes

Increasing recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a strategic priority to mitigate supply risks. Today, CRM recovery rates are generally low, with increases requiring new recovery processes and interface optimisation with pre-processing to ensure appropriate material flows for efficient recovery are generated. Here, results from an industrial trial to increase CRM recovery from WEEE are presented to inform development of pre-processing strategies which generate such material flows. Au, Ag, Co, Ga, Mg, Nb, Ru, Pd, Ir, Y, Nd, Sb, Ta and W are identified with XRF in components of a range of WEEE samples including within individual printed circuit board (PCB) components. CRM distribution in PCBs is mapped by visual inspection with reference to this data. Cost-effective methods to disassemble WEEE; isolate CRM bearing components, and upgrade/concentrate CRMs are evaluated for industrial adoption. A guillotine is found most suitable for LCD disassembly and separation of Au edge-contacts from PCBs, while cryocracking is best for isolation of internal components of digital media devices. Thermal PCB disassembly with a solder bath for simultaneous SMD removal and subsequent sieving to sort SMDs thereby concentrating CRMs for recovery is a promising approach. Microwave ashing of PCBs to concentrate CRMs is promising although off-gas treatment would be required. Recovery potential of identified CRMs from material streams generated is found to be poor due to lack of suitable recovery infrastructure except for precious and platinum group metals in PCBs, but available pyrometallurgical recovery permanently dissipates other CRMs present

Closed-Loop Recycling of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Using Bioleaching and Electrowinning Processes

International audienceIn the present study, a model of closed-loop recycling of copper from PCBs is demonstrated, which involves the sequential application of bioleaching and electrowinning to selectively extract copper. This approach is proposed as part of the solution to resolve the challenging ever-increasing accumulation of electronic waste, e-waste, in the environment. This work is targeting copper, the most abundant metal in e-waste that represents up to 20% by weight of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In the first stage, bioleaching was tested for different pulp densities (0.25–1.00% w/v) and successfully used to extract multiple metals from PCBs using the acidophilic bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. In the second stage, the method focused on the recovery of copper from the bioleachate by electrowinning. Metallic copper foils were formed, and the results demonstrated that 75.8% of copper available in PCBs had been recovered as a high quality copper foil, with 99 + % purity, as determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. This model of copper extraction, combining bioleaching and electrowinning, demonstrates a closed-loop method of recycling that illustrates the application of bioleaching in the circular economy. The copper foils have the potential to be reused, to form new, high value copper clad laminate for the production of complex printed circuit boards for the electronics manufacturing industry. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, The Author(s)

Solıd waste dısposal method selectıon wıth multıcrıterıa decısıon makıng approaches

Son yıllarda, katı atıklardan kaynaklanan çevre sorunlarının artması nedeniyle katı atığın çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan etkin bir şekilde bertaraf edilmesi zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla, önemli bir karar verme problemi olan katı atık yönetim sisteminin seçiminde ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve teknik faktörlerin birlikte ele alınması gereği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bir katı atık yönetim sisteminde, çeşitli kriterlerin değerlendirildiği farklı alternatifler söz konusu olabilir. Bu durumda problem, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Problemi haline gelir. Bu çalışmada, Ankara ilinde katı atık bertaraf etme yöntemi seçim problemi ele alınmıştır. İlk olarak katı atık yönetimi,çok kriterli karar verme ve katı atık bertaraf yöntemleri anlatılmıştır. Katı atık bertaraf teknolojisi seçimi problemi için karar vericiler ile anket değerlendirmesi sonucu on beş kriter ve sekiz alternatif belirlenmiştir. Problemin çözümü için ilk olarak literatürde bu problemin çözümünde sıklıkla tercih edilen TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) ve PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method For Enrichment Evaluations) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Üçüncü yöntem olarak, literatürde bu problem için henüz uygulanmamış bir karar verme yöntemi olan EN İYİ-EN KÖTÜ METODU (BEST WORST METHOD) ile çözüm önerilmiştir. Üç yöntem sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.In recent years, effective disposing of solid waste environmentally and economically has become mandatory due to the increase in nvironmental problems resulted by the solid waste. Furthermore, choosing a solid waste management system appears to be an important decision making problem. Hence, economical, social, cultural and technical factors in choosing the solid waste management systems should be considered together. A solid waste management system may have different alternatives to be evaluated by considering several criteria. Hence, this type of problem is considered as Multi Criteria Decision Making problem. In this study, the best alternative has been choosen among solid waste disposal technology in Ankara. First, solid waste management, multi-criteria decision making and solid waste disposal methods are explained. For the problem of solid waste disposal technology selection, a survey was conducted to the decision makers. Fifteen criteria and eight alternatives have been identified. For the solution of the problem, firstly TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method For Enrichment Evaluations) methods which are frequently preferred in literature, are used. As a third method, a solution has been proposed by using BEST-WORST METHOD, a decision-making method that has not yet been applied to this problem before. The results obtained using three different approaches have been compared and evaluated