Dynamics of cell population structure in liver biopsy of the patients with chronic hepatitis viral infection

The cell population analysis of liver biopsies from the patients with both chronic hepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) and chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) included the comparative evaluation of the specific part of non-parenchymal elements, analysis of the liver plates and sinusoids areas, the cell population of liver plates and sinusoids, the caryometric description of different types of cells. The essential difference of similar quantitative indexes in the biopsy specimens of patients with HCV and НВV was revealed and discussed. In total, the quantitative analysis of cell population structure in liver biopsies during the course of chronic hepatitis, especially in the case of defective biopsies, could be used for diagnostics and prognoses by expert evaluation

Divorce Trends in Seven Countries Over the Long Transition from State Socialism: 1981–2004

The collapse of communism was a defining geopolitical event of late-20th century Europe, with well-documented economic, social, and political implications. Yet there is a striking absence of research on how it influenced divorce. The objective of this study is to provide an exploratory analysis of trends in divorce over the long transition from communism—starting from the decline of the communist economy in the 1980s and ending with economic revival—in seven countries: Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Russia. We discuss how the transition could be expected to either increase or decrease divorce risks. We analyze retrospective micro-level data on first marriages from the Changing Life Course Regimes in Eastern Europe (CLiCR) dataset. Based on our event-history analyses, we find that divorce rates increased in each country at some stage during the long transition and these increases cannot be explained by compositional change of the marriages. However, no uniform pattern emerged in the timing and duration of the increase in divorce risk. This striking variation leads us to conclude that even the effect of major societal ruptures is contextually contingent

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CASPASE-3 ACTIVITY IN LIVER BIOPSIES OF PATIENTS WITH MONO AND MIXED INFECTIONS

Objective: to study the activity of proapoptotic signal protein caspase-3 for determination of peculiarities of apoptosis regulation under liver chronic diseases.Subjects and methods. The immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 activity in 5 liver biopsies of the patients with mono infection of chronic hepatitis B and 5 liver biopsies of the patients with mixed infection of tuberculosis, chronic hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus was fulfilled. Morphological and morphometric analysis of serial microphotographs was performed using an image analysis system (microscope Leica DM 2500, digital camera Leica DFC320 R2 and a computer).Results. The activity of caspase-3 as dark brown granularity was revealed in all tis-sue components of liver (hepatocytes, epithelium of bile ducts, endotheliocytes, Kupffer cells of sinusoids, in compositions of lymphohistiocyte infiltrations). The maximal activity was discovered in hepatocytes nuclei. The expression of caspase-3 was significantly higher in liver biopsies of the patients with mixed infection. It is typical that the immunoreactive hepatocytes had not any morphological marks of apoptosis.Conclusion. The caspase-3 expression of proapoptotic signal protein caspase-3 may serve as an early marker of liver damage including the possibilities of apoptosis development.</p

EFEITO DO USO DO EFLUENTE DE REATOR ANAERÃBIO COMPARTIMENTADO NA FERTIRRIGAÃÃO DA CENOURA.

As referências bibliográficas voltadas para as pesquisas relacionadas ao tratamento de esgotos de origem doméstica e de tratamento de dejetos de animais, são unânimes em afirmar que os sistemas de tratamento anaeróbio são eficientes na remoção da DQO, contudo, são inexpressivas as remoções de nitrogênio e fósforo devido às características do processo anaeróbio. Estes sistemas de tratamento necessitam de um tratamento de polimento a fim de atender aos padrões de lançamento do efluente final. O uso do efluente proveniente dos sistemas anaeróbios na irrigação de hortículas e outras culturas é uma alternativa interessante, diante da possibilidade do aproveitamento de nutrientes presentes na referida água residuária.. O experimento foi realizado em canteiros de cenoura, no Departamento de Olericultura, plantados em espaçamento padrão, sendo utilizados seis (6) tratamentos com quatro (4) repetições, cada parcela apresentou (4) linhas espaçadas 0,20 metros entre si, sendo utilizada a semente na proporção de 2 gramas/m2. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que: a) A água residuária apresenta um teor maior de NPK em relação à água da torneira; b) Parcelas que receberam o efluente do reator anaeróbio compartimentado (água residuária), independente da adubação química, foram superiores aos tratamentos que receberam apenas água, também independente da adubação química; c) O baixo conteúdo nutricional da água normal (torneira), proporcionou às raízes do tratamento 4 o menor desempenho; d) Quanto mais enriquecido nutricionalmente for o efluente e se ele estiver mineralizado, provavelmente maior será o seu aproveitamento pelas plantas; e) A água residuária em questão, foi utilizada em caráter experimental, uma vez que apresenta restrições quanto ao seu uso, pois não sofreu qualquer tipo de desinfecção para o decaimento de microrganismos patogênicos, conforme recomendação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (1989). Palavras - chave: Cenoura, dejetos de suínos, reator anaeróbio compartimentado. ABSTRACT Some researchs about wastewater treatment have been show efficiency on DQO removal, however Nitrogen and Phosphorus removal are smaller than other nutrients. The use of wastewater as nutrient source can be interesting due high nutrients amount. This trial was carried out on cole plants at Horticulture Department by using wastewater associated or no with fertilizer at different rates comparing with normal water. The results obtained showed that wastewater has high amount of nutrients than normal water. Sprays on leaves by the use of wastewater increase leaf area, but the best results were obtained by plants that received wastewater by sprayng associated with NPK fertilizer in the soil. Key words: Cole plants, wastewater treatment, treatment anaerobic