Graphene on Au-coated SiOx substrate: Its core-level photoelectron micro-spectroscopy study

The core-level electronic structures of the exfoliated graphene sheets on a Au-coated SiOx substrate have been studied by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-PES) on a micron-scale. The graphene was firstly demonstrated its visibility on the Au-coated SiOx substrate by micro-optical characterization, and then conducted into SR-PES study. Because of the elimination of charging effect, precise C 1s core-level characterization clearly shows graphitic and contaminated carbon states of graphene. Different levels of Au-coating-induced p-type doping on single- and double-layer graphene sheets were also examined in the C 1s core-level shift. The Au-coated SiOx substrate can be treated as a simple but high-throughput platform for in situ studying graphene under further hybridization by PES

Determination of band alignment in the single layer MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction

The emergence of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as 2D electronic materials has stimulated proposals of novel electronic and photonic devices based on TMD heterostructures. Here we report the determination of band offsets in TMD heterostructures by using microbeam X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ({\mu}-XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S). We determine a type-II alignment between $\textrm{MoS}_2$ and $\textrm{WSe}_2$ with a valence band offset (VBO) value of 0.83 eV and a conduction band offset (CBO) of 0.76 eV. First-principles calculations show that in this heterostructure with dissimilar chalcogen atoms, the electronic structures of $\textrm{WSe}_2$ and $\textrm{MoS}_2$ are well retained in their respective layers due to a weak interlayer coupling. Moreover, a VBO of 0.94 eV is obtained from density functional theory (DFT), consistent with the experimental determination.Comment: ^ These authors contributed equally. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 20 pages, 4 figures in main tex

Gpr37 Modulates Progenitor Cell Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

The generation of neural stem and progenitor cells following injury is critical for the function of the central nervous system, but the molecular mechanisms modulating this response remain largely unknown. We have previously identified the G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) as a modulator of ischemic damage in a mouse model of stroke. Here we demonstrate that GPR37 functions as a critical negative regulator of progenitor cell dynamics and gliosis following ischemic injury. In the central nervous system, GPR37 is enriched in mature oligodendrocytes, but following injury we have found that its expression is dramatically increased within a population of Sox2-positive progenitor cells. Moreover, the genetic deletion of GPR37 did not alter the number of mature oligodendrocytes following injury but did markedly increase the number of both progenitor cells and injury-induced Olig2-expressing glia. Alterations in the glial environment were further evidenced by the decreased activation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These data reveal that GPR37 regulates the response of progenitor cells to ischemic injury and provides new perspectives into the potential for manipulating endogenous progenitor cells following stroke

Depth Profiling Photoelectron-Spectroscopic Study of an Organic Spin Valve with a Plasma-Modified Pentacene Spacer

[[abstract]]We report an enhanced magnetoresistance (MR) in an organic spin valve with an oxygen plasma-treated pentacene (PC) spacer. The spin valve containing PC without the treatment shows no MR effect, whereas those with moderately plasma-treated PC exhibit MR ratios up to 1.64% at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with depth profiling is utilized to characterize the interfacial electronic properties of the plasma-treated PC spacer which shows the formation of a derivative oxide layer. The results suggest an alternative approach to improve the interface quality and in turn to enhance the MR performance in organic spin valves.[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]電子

The Physics of the B Factories

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C

Riociguat treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Final safety data from the EXPERT registry

Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase

台灣佛教數位典藏資料庫之建置 Digital Archives for the Study of Taiwanese Buddhism

台灣佛教的發展萌芽於十七世紀，迄今雖未滿五百年，但已蓬勃發展、佛法大興，無論是大小顯密，抑或是所謂南傳、漢傳、藏傳等諸宗派，皆在此土地上落地生根，成為世界佛教最為興盛的地區。為建構完整的台灣佛教數位典藏，以紀錄佛教在台灣的發展。自2001年開始，中華佛學研究所與法鼓佛教學院研究團隊就積極建立以台灣佛教為主題的數位典藏專案。歷年來，我們一共完成了「台灣佛教���獻數位資料庫」、「臺灣佛教數位博物館：蓬萊淨土遊」等重要的台灣佛教數位典藏專案。藉由這些數位專案的完成，我們得以成功典藏台灣佛教的重要文獻與相關文物，成為國際間唯一且最完整的台灣佛教歷史資料庫。 於2007年開始，本研究團隊獲得浩然基金會三年的補助，因此我們開始進行「台灣佛寺時空平台」與「《臺灣佛教》期刊數位典藏」的專案計畫，以補原有兩個台灣佛教相關數位典藏計畫之不足。在「台灣佛寺時空平台」計畫中，我們利用地理資訊系統與時間平台的建構技術，整合「台灣佛教文獻資料庫」與「臺灣佛教數位博物館」等網站資料，發展成台灣佛教地理資訊的平台，以供進階的台灣佛教史地相關研究。而在「《臺灣佛教》期刊數位典藏」專案中，我們典藏《臺灣佛教》期刊所有內容共187期，使「台灣佛教文獻資料庫」在台灣戰後時期的佛教文獻典藏能更加完整。在本論文之中，我們將詳加描述上述四個數位典藏專案的內容與相關資訊技術，以供相關研究者建構數位典藏時有所借鏡。<br>Among Buddhist organizations in Taiwan, Dharma Drum Buddhist College (DDBC) and the Chung-hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies(CHIBS) have for many years promoted the production of digital resources in the field of Buddhist culture. As part of this program a number of digital archives specifically concerning the history and development of Buddhism in Taiwan have been created. Supported at various stages by the Taiwan eLearning and Digital Archives Project, the Haoran Foundation and the National Science council these archives preserve a wide range of texts and images pertaining to Buddhism in Taiwan from its inception in the 17th century to the present day. This paper describes the creation principles and scope of these digital collections

DEA PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM IN ASIA AND EUROPE

This paper reconciles diverse efficiency measures to characterize the operating performance of the National Innovation System (NIS) in 33 Asian and European countries. NIS efficiency rating should be considered as a key element for achieving greater innovation and competitive advantages. This study applies the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach with the traditional DEA models, bilateral models, and critical performance measures, respectively, combing multiple outputs and inputs to measure the magnitude of performance difference between the countries. Empirical results indicate that the overall technical inefficiencies of the NIS activities in these countries are primarily due to the pure technical inefficiencies rather than the scale inefficiencies. Korea and Taiwan perform very well on their NISs and rank numbers 1 and 2 respectively on the Asian list, while Romania ranks number 1 among the European countries. In addition, the Asian countries are generally better performers than the European countries in production activities. Finally, the key input/output influencing the countries' NIS performance have been identified. The innovative features of Korea, Taiwan and Romania are also discussed.Data envelopment analysis (DEA), Asian and European countries, National innovation system, Operating performance