Study of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of an innovative multi-layered ceramic-based nuclear fuel cladding

The CEA is the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives). It is a public body established in October 1945 by General de Gaulle. A leader in research, development and innovation, the CEA mission statement has two main objectives: To become the leading technological research organization in Europe and to ensure that the nuclear deterrent remains effective in the future. The CEA is based in ten research centres in France, each specializing in specific fields. The laboratories are located in the Paris region, the Rhône-Alpes, the Rhône valley, the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, Aquitaine, Central France and Burgundy. The Cadarache facility at the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region is one of the largest nuclear research sites in Europe, hosting 21 fixed nuclear installations, including reactors, waste stockpiling and recycling facilities and research centres. It employs over 4,500 people, and approximately 350 students and foreign collaborators carry out research in the facility‟s laboratories. CEA-Cadarache„s host laboratory is the LC2I (Conception and Irradiation Laboratory for Innovative Nuclear Fuels). This laboratory, directed by Mme Sylvie Pillon, is dependant of the SESC (Fuel‟s Behavior Study and Simulation Service), itself included in the DEC (Fuel‟s Study Department). DEC belongs do the DEN (Energy Nuclear Direction) LC2I mission is to conceive, to dimension and to qualify fuel assemblies for fast neutron nuclear reactors and to design and perform in-core radiation experiences. The team is composed by 14 engineers, one technician and one secretary. The specialities are mainly thermo-mechanics and thermo-hydraulics but with extended knowledge in various fields from materials to computer assisted conception, all merging in the nuclear engineering field.Outgoin

Entrenamiento en habilidades básicas de gestión de grupos para la mejora de la competencia transversal de hablar en público: protocolo para alumnos de posgrado de Psicología

El presente proyecto se enmarca en la mejora educativa de dos grandes bloques: 1)La mejora de competencias transversales indispensables en la carrera académica de cualquier alumno universitario. En este proyecto en concreto, se abordará la tarea de hablar en público, que ostenta un papel central en el desempeño de los alumnos en la práctica totalidad de asignaturas y en la potenciación de sus destrezas básicas a ofrecer en su futuro profesional. 2)La mejora educativa de alumnos del Master Oficial en Psicología General Sanitaria, como parte aplicada de su formación. Atendiendo al primer bloque, son múltiples las situaciones en las que los alumnos han de enfrentarse a un público y exponer o defender un trabajo, opinión etc… Ante esta situación, tradicionalmente se ha dado mayor peso a cuestiones de contenido (lo que se expone) y no tanto a cuestiones de forma (cómo se hace). La demanda de servicios que presten atención y ayuda en este ámbito va en aumento. Desde un punto de vista comunitario cada vez son más las asociaciones, fundaciones, escuelas que se dirigen a potenciar esta destreza (p. ej. ToastMaster). En el mismo sentido, desde un contexto clínico, se observa la misma tendencia de demanda de ayuda, en este caso profesional, para hacer frente a este tipo de situaciones, fundamentalmente por parte de alumnos universitarios. La ansiedad a exponer es un fenómeno ampliamente estudiado y relacionados con síndromes clínicos, como por ejemplo la Fobia Social. La carrera universitaria exige a sus alumnos tareas, ejercicios, exámenes… que requieren la puesta en práctica de esta competencia. Además, no es un fenómeno exclusivo de ninguna disciplina concreta, por lo que esta competencia es transversal a diferentes asignaturas y ramas del conocimiento. Un enfoque comunitario (desde la universidad) y focalizado (para universitarios) supondría atender a la competencia transversal de hablar en público de una manera formal y sistematizada, centrándose en el aprendizaje de la forma (cómo se hace) y de aquellos factores que pudieran interferir (ansiedad, timidez…). El segundo bloque que define este proyecto va dirigido a la mejora educativa de los alumnos del Máster Oficial en Psicología General Sanitaria. Parte de su formación práctica supone la confección, planificación y ejecución de planes de psicoeducativos de salud. Todos los miembros de este proyecto guardamos relación, de una u otra manera con la Clínica Universitaria de Psicología de la UCM (CUP-UCM), centro de prácticas del itinerario del citado master. Esto supone una excepcional oportunidad de añadir a su plan formativo de rotación por la CUP-UCM, el diseño y ejecución de estos talleres, siempre bajo estrecha supervisión y acompañamiento de miembros del proyecto

Long-Term Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab in Crohn’s Disease Patients: The SUSTAIN Study

Background Large real-world-evidence studies are required to confirm the durability of response, effectiveness, and safety of ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in real-world clinical practice. Methods A retrospective, multicentre study was conducted in Spain in patients with active CD who had received ≥1 intravenous dose of ustekinumab for ≥6 months. Primary outcome was ustekinumab retention rate; secondary outcomes were to identify predictive factors for drug retention, short-term remission (week 16), loss of response and predictive factors for short-term efficacy and loss of response, and ustekinumab safety. Results A total of 463 patients were included. Mean baseline Harvey-Bradshaw Index was 8.4. A total of 447 (96.5%) patients had received prior biologic therapy, 141 (30.5%) of whom had received ≥3 agents. In addition, 35.2% received concomitant immunosuppressants, and 47.1% had ≥1 abdominal surgery. At week 16, 56% had remission, 70% had response, and 26.1% required dose escalation or intensification; of these, 24.8% did not subsequently reduce dose. After a median follow-up of 15 months, 356 (77%) patients continued treatment. The incidence rate of ustekinumab discontinuation was 18% per patient-year of follow-up. Previous intestinal surgery and concomitant steroid treatment were associated with higher risk of ustekinumab discontinuation, while a maintenance schedule every 12 weeks had a lower risk; neither concomitant immunosuppressants nor the number of previous biologics were associated with ustekinumab discontinuation risk. Fifty adverse events were reported in 39 (8.4%) patients; 4 of them were severe (2 infections, 1 malignancy, and 1 fever). Conclusions Ustekinumab is effective and safe as short- and long-term treatment in a refractory cohort of CD patients in real-world clinical practice

Study of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of an innovative multi-layered ceramic-based nuclear fuel cladding

The CEA is the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives). It is a public body established in October 1945 by General de Gaulle. A leader in research, development and innovation, the CEA mission statement has two main objectives: To become the leading technological research organization in Europe and to ensure that the nuclear deterrent remains effective in the future. The CEA is based in ten research centres in France, each specializing in specific fields. The laboratories are located in the Paris region, the Rhône-Alpes, the Rhône valley, the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, Aquitaine, Central France and Burgundy. The Cadarache facility at the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region is one of the largest nuclear research sites in Europe, hosting 21 fixed nuclear installations, including reactors, waste stockpiling and recycling facilities and research centres. It employs over 4,500 people, and approximately 350 students and foreign collaborators carry out research in the facility‟s laboratories. CEA-Cadarache„s host laboratory is the LC2I (Conception and Irradiation Laboratory for Innovative Nuclear Fuels). This laboratory, directed by Mme Sylvie Pillon, is dependant of the SESC (Fuel‟s Behavior Study and Simulation Service), itself included in the DEC (Fuel‟s Study Department). DEC belongs do the DEN (Energy Nuclear Direction) LC2I mission is to conceive, to dimension and to qualify fuel assemblies for fast neutron nuclear reactors and to design and perform in-core radiation experiences. The team is composed by 14 engineers, one technician and one secretary. The specialities are mainly thermo-mechanics and thermo-hydraulics but with extended knowledge in various fields from materials to computer assisted conception, all merging in the nuclear engineering field.Outgoin

Caractérisation in situ et ex situ des effets d'irradiation aux ions dans les fibres SiC de troisième génération

The use of Tyranno SA3 (TSA3) and Hi Nicalon S (HNS) SiC fibers as reinforcement for ceramic composites for nuclear applications requires the characterization of its structural stability and mechanical behavior under irradiation. Ion-amorphization kinetics of these fibers have been studied and compared to the model material, i.e. 6H-SiC single crystals, with no significant differences. For all samples, full amorphization threshold dose yields ~0.4 dpa at room temperature and complete amorphization was not achieved for irradiation temperatures over 200 ºC. Successively, ion-amorphized samples have been thermally annealed. It is reported that thermal annealing at high temperatures not only induces the recrystallization of the ion-amorphized samples but also causes cracking and delamination. Cracking is reported to be a thermally driven phenomenon characterized by activation energy of 1.05 eV. Regarding the mechanical irradiation behavior, irradiation creep of TSA3 fibers has been investigated using a tensile device dedicated to in situ tests coupled to two different ion-irradiation lines. It is reported that ion-irradiation (12 MeV C4+ and 92 MeV Xe23+) induces a time-dependent strain under loads where thermal creep is negligible. In addition, irradiation strain is reported to be higher at low irradiation temperatures due to a coupling between irradiation swelling and irradiation creep. At temperatures near 1000 ºC, irradiation swelling is minimized hence allowing the characterization of the irradiation creep. Irradiation creep rate is characterized by a linear correlation between the ion flux and the strain rate and square root dependence with the applied load.L'utilisation des fibres SiC Tyranno SA3 (TSA3) et Hi Nicalon S (HNS) pour le renforcement de composites céramiques dédiées aux applications nucléaires impose l'étude de leur stabilité microstructurale et de leur comportement mécanique sous irradiation. La cinétique d'amorphisation des fibres a été étudiée et comparée à celle d'un matériau modèle, 6H-SiC monocristallin, sans que des différences significatives puissent être observées. La dose seuil d'amorphisation totale a été évaluée à ~0,4 dpa à température ambiante et aucune amorphisation complète n'a pas être obtenue pour des températures d'irradiation supérieures à 200 ºC. Les échantillons amorphes ont ensuite été recuits thermiquement ce qui a conduit, pour des températures élevées, à leur recristallisation mais également à une fissuration et une délamination de la zone irradiée. Ce processus d'endommagement était activé thermiquement avec une énergie d'activation de 1,05 eV. En ce qui concerne le comportement mécanique, le fluage d'irradiation des fibres TSA3 a été étudié en utilisant une machine de traction in situ implantée sur deux plateformes d'irradiation aux ions. On montre que sous irradiation ces fibres se déforment en fonction du temps avec des chargements thermique et mécanique où le fluage thermique est négligeable. Cette déformation est plus élevée pour les faibles températures d'irradiation en raison d'un couplage entre le gonflement et le fluage d'irradiation. Pour des températures voisines de 1000 ºC, le gonflement devient négligeable ce qui permet l'étude spécifique du fluage d'irradiation dont la vitesse de déformation présente une dépendance linéaire au flux d'ions

Study of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of an innovative multi-layered ceramic-based nuclear fuel cladding

The CEA is the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives). It is a public body established in October 1945 by General de Gaulle. A leader in research, development and innovation, the CEA mission statement has two main objectives: To become the leading technological research organization in Europe and to ensure that the nuclear deterrent remains effective in the future. The CEA is based in ten research centres in France, each specializing in specific fields. The laboratories are located in the Paris region, the Rhône-Alpes, the Rhône valley, the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, Aquitaine, Central France and Burgundy. The Cadarache facility at the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region is one of the largest nuclear research sites in Europe, hosting 21 fixed nuclear installations, including reactors, waste stockpiling and recycling facilities and research centres. It employs over 4,500 people, and approximately 350 students and foreign collaborators carry out research in the facility‟s laboratories. CEA-Cadarache„s host laboratory is the LC2I (Conception and Irradiation Laboratory for Innovative Nuclear Fuels). This laboratory, directed by Mme Sylvie Pillon, is dependant of the SESC (Fuel‟s Behavior Study and Simulation Service), itself included in the DEC (Fuel‟s Study Department). DEC belongs do the DEN (Energy Nuclear Direction) LC2I mission is to conceive, to dimension and to qualify fuel assemblies for fast neutron nuclear reactors and to design and perform in-core radiation experiences. The team is composed by 14 engineers, one technician and one secretary. The specialities are mainly thermo-mechanics and thermo-hydraulics but with extended knowledge in various fields from materials to computer assisted conception, all merging in the nuclear engineering field.Outgoin

Optical imaging spectroscopy for rapid, primary screening of SARS-CoV-2: a proof of concept

Effective testing is essential to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Here we report a-proof-of-concept study on hyperspectral image analysis in the visible and near-infrared range for primary screening at the point-of-care of SARS-CoV-2. We apply spectral feature descriptors, partial least square-discriminant analysis, and artificial intelligence to extract information from optical diffuse reflectance measurements from 5 µL fluid samples at pixel, droplet, and patient levels. We discern preparations of engineered lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 from those with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus in saline solution and artificial saliva. We report a quantitative analysis of 72 samples of nasopharyngeal exudate in a range of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, and a descriptive study of another 32 fresh human saliva samples. Sensitivity for classification of exudates was 100% with peak specificity of 87.5% for discernment from PCR-negative but symptomatic cases. Proposed technology is reagent-free, fast, and scalable, and could substantially reduce the number of molecular tests currently required for COVID-19 mass screening strategies even in resource-limited settings.This research was funded by Grants Number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by Grant Number EQC2019-006240-P funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. ABR was supported by Grant Number RTI2018-094465-J-I00 funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the Joint Research Center (JRC) HUMAINT project

Optical imaging spectroscopy for rapid, primary screening of SARS-CoV-2: a proof of concept

Effective testing is essential to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Here we report a-proof-of-concept study on hyperspectral image analysis in the visible and near-infrared range for primary screening at the point-of-care of SARS-CoV-2. We apply spectral feature descriptors, partial least square-discriminant analysis, and artificial intelligence to extract information from optical diffuse reflectance measurements from 5 µL fluid samples at pixel, droplet, and patient levels. We discern preparations of engineered lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 from those with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus in saline solution and artificial saliva. We report a quantitative analysis of 72 samples of nasopharyngeal exudate in a range of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, and a descriptive study of another 32 fresh human saliva samples. Sensitivity for classification of exudates was 100% with peak specificity of 87.5% for discernment from PCR-negative but symptomatic cases. Proposed technology is reagent-free, fast, and scalable, and could substantially reduce the number of molecular tests currently required for COVID-19 mass screening strategies even in resource-limited settings

Clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with two consecutive anti-TNF agents: data from the ENEIDA registry

Background: Infliximab seems to be the most efficacious of the three available anti-TNF agents for ulcerative colitis (UC) but little is known when it is used as the second anti-TNF. Objectives: To compare the clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in UC patients. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Patients from the ENEIDA registry treated consecutively with infliximab and a subcutaneous anti-TNF (or vice versa), naïve to other biological agents, were identified and grouped according to the administration route of the first anti-TNF into IVi (intravenous initially) or SCi (subcutaneous initially). Results: Overall, 473 UC patients were included (330 IVi and 143 SCi). Clinical response at week 14 was 42.7% and 48.3% in the IVi and SCi groups (non-statistically significant), respectively. Clinical remission rates at week 52 were 32.8% and 31.4% in the IVi and SCi groups (nonsignificant differences), respectively. A propensity-matched score analysis showed a higher clinical response rate at week 14 in the SCi group and higher treatment persistence in the IVi group. Regarding long-term outcomes, dose escalation and discontinuation due to the primary failure of the first anti-TNF and more severe disease activity at the beginning of the second anti-TNF were inversely associated with clinical remission. Conclusion: The use of a second anti-TNF for UC seems to be reasonable in terms of efficacy, although it is particularly reduced in the case of the primary failure of the first anti-TNF. Whether the second anti-TNF is infliximab or subcutaneous does not seem to affect efficacy