Glacier-bed geomorphic processes and hydrologic conditions relevant to nuclear waste disposal

Characterizing glaciotectonic deformation, glacial erosion and sedimentation, and basal hydrologic conditions of ice sheets is vital for selecting sites for nuclear waste repositories at high latitudes. Glaciotectonic deformation is enhanced by excess pore pressures that commonly persist near ice sheet margins. Depths of such deformation can extend locally to a few tens of meters, with depths up to approximately 300 m in exceptional cases. Rates of glacial erosion are highly variable (0.05–15 mm a−1), but ratesa−1 are expected in tectonically quiescent regions. Total erosion probably not exceeding several tens of meters is expected during a glacial cycle, although locally erosion could be greater. Consolidation of glacial sediments that is less than expected from independent estimates of glacier thickness indicates that heads at the bases of past ice sheets were usually within 30% of the floatation value. This conclusion is reinforced by direct measurements of water pressure beneath portions of the West Antarctic ice sheet, which indicate average headsbed, despite thick ice at subfreezing temperatures. Therefore, in models of subglacial groundwater flow used to assess sites for nuclear waste repositories, a flux upper boundary condition based on water input from only basal melting will be far more uncertain than applying a hydraulic head at the upper boundary set equal to a large fraction of the floatation value

Food Use and Health Effects of Soybean and Sunflower Oils

This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and less than 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oil

Stress psychological: a study between doctors and nurses in a hospital of Manaus

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-08-11T18:03:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Rejected by Maria Arruda ([email protected]), reason: Não existem arquivos associados a este item. on 2017-10-27T18:00:34Z (GMT)Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2019-02-14T17:55:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by GLAUCE PEREIRA ([email protected]) on 2019-07-28T17:54:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Hildes_Delduque_ENSP.pdf: 1423599 bytes, checksum: 9b77298b861077482e1144fa46ea74bf (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-28T17:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Hildes_Delduque_ENSP.pdf: 1423599 bytes, checksum: 9b77298b861077482e1144fa46ea74bf (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Este trabalho objetiva mostrar e analisar o sofrimento psíquico entre médicos e enfermeiros lotados no Centro de Terapia Intensiva e Pronto-Socorro de um hospital público, observando-se as influências que o contexto organizacional exerce sobre os profissionais de saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com observação direta e aplicação do Self-Report Questionnary-20, como indicador de sofrimento psíquico. Trouxemos para discussão temas concernentes ao sofrimento psíquico resultante de trabalhos de vários estudiosos de renome dedicados a este assunto. Os dados levantados mais relevantes foram os referentes à maior incidência de sofrimento psíquico entre os profissionais que trabalham no pronto-socorro, pois o ritmo de trabalho, a falta de infra-estrutura e a sobrecarga de trabalho contribuem severamente para este sofrimento. Dentre estes, os residentes de Medicina formam a população que nos chamou atenção pela carga que enfrentam no dia-a-dia. Diferentemente do CTI (Centro de Terapia Intensiva), em que os profissionais, embora estejam lidando com situações em que exijam cuidados complexos com o paciente, têm a seu favor equipamentos, tecnologia e pessoal mais especializados.This assignment has the aim of showing and analyzing the psychic suffering among doctors and nurses who are working at the Intensive Therapy Center and at the Ready-Help of a Public Hospital as well. Observing the influences, which the organizational status may cause in the health of those professionals. To do such, observation, we treat subjects about psychical suffering that was developed by several famous researchers. This data has been abstracted from semi-structured interviews, direct observation and with the application of the self-report questionnaire (SRQ-20), indicates of haw bad is the problem concerned here. The data we have the most concerning is among the professionals who work at a ready-help, because the work routine, lacks infrastructure and the long hours of labor. among the doctors, the residents called our attention because of labor hours they struggle every day and seem powerless against such situations. Unlikely the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) however where the professionals are dealing with complex situation and specialized staff thus making a positive environment where they steel supported and confident and needy to handle situations

Modelling subglacial erosion and englacial sediment transport of the North American ice sheets

The glacial geology of North America is a rich resource upon which reconstructions of ice sheets are made. Numerical modelling of ice sheets based on ice physics is an alternate avenue for cryospheric reconstruction. However, such algorithms are unable to draw from the full wealth of geomorphic data because a large-scale forward model of basal processes, necessary to link the ice and the bed, is not available. I develop a process-based model of sediment production, entrainment, deposition and transport to fill this conspicuous gap. Subglacial abrasion is modelled following Hallet [1979, 1981] and a quarrying model, dependent on subcritical crack growth, is constructed. Entrainment proceeds predominantly by intrusion into the sediment [Iverson and Semmens, 1995] and when basal melt exceeds the rate of entrainment, englacial sediment is deposited. Both vertical redistribution of englacial sediment within an ice column and lateral transport of debris is considered. Ice entrains loose debris from the bed, transports it downstream and deposits an allochthonous debris train, observable on the modern landscape. This can be modelled when an accurate geologic representation of the bed is used, allowing the exploitation of distinct lithologies as natural tracers of ice motion. Also, incorporation of the differences in physical properties between various lithologies is possible with such a lithologically realistic description of the bed. Several processes are functions of bed topography and a description of small-scale topography within a large-scale grid is required; a downscaling method is therefore developed. Basal-ice processes must be coupled to both ice sheet conditions and subglacial hydrology. The Marshall-Clarke thermo-mechanicalice sheet model [Marshall, 1996; Marshall and Clarke, 1997a,b; Marshall et al., 2000] gives the necessary ice sheet fields and provides the forcing for the hydrology model of Flowers [2000] which in turn delivers subglacial water pressure, used for both the quarrying and entrainment simulations. Comparisons of model results with the documented large-scale debris trains of Hudson Bay Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and Dubawnt Group detritus are used to test the veracity of the transport model while estimates of paleo-erosion are used to assess the erosion model.Science, Faculty ofEarth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department ofGraduat