Sistema de Credit Scoring para minimizar el riesgo crediticio en la cartera pyme de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito León XIII

Las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito están expuestas a una serie de Riesgos existentes que pueden afectar seriamente el desarrollo de sus funciones. De todos los riesgos que se presentan en las Cooperativas, el Riesgo Crediticio es en ocurrencia, el que se presenta con mayor frecuencia, y es quizás el más variado y complejo, su incidencia puede causar un gran impacto en la situación económica de la institución, explicación que se sustenta en el hecho que el crédito representa una de las actividades fundamentales de las Cooperativas. Frente a esto, y con el fin de disminuir los niveles de riesgo se ha tenido que desarrollar medidas innovadoras para el sector con el fin de poder evaluar las pérdidas esperadas frente al incumplimiento de pago por parte del cliente. En nuestro caso de estudio, la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito León XIII, no está libre de este riesgo, que es su principal preocupación, ya que el índice de morosidad en su cartera de clientes conformado por créditos consumo, pymes e hipotecarios, ha ido incrementándose en los últimos años. En el año 2008 el índice fue de 3.69%, en el 2009 fue de 6.41% y en el 2010 fue de 8.51% Para poder mitigar y reducir el riesgo crediticio, nuestro proyecto se enfocará en la implementación de un Credit Scoring, que es un sistema de evaluación automático, más rápido, más seguro y consistente para determinar la concesión de créditos, que, en función de toda la información disponible, es capaz de predecir la probabilidad de impago, asociada a una operación crediticia. Este sistema permitirá disminuir los niveles de morosidad en la cartera de clientes principalmente en la pyme donde el nivel de morosidad es elevado; reduciendo de esta manera tiempos de evaluación, permitiendo además una mejor evaluación y sustentación de los créditos, logrando ser una herramienta importante para los analistas de crédito.The saving and Credit’s Cooperatives are exposed to a serie of existing risks that can affect seriously the development of its. From all the risks that can have the cooperatives, the Creditice Risk is in ocurrency the one that is shown more frecuently, and it’s maybe the most variated and complex, its incidence can cause a great impact in the economic situation of the institution , explanation that is maintained in the fact that the credit represents one of the fundamental activities of the cooperatives. Facing this, and with the propose to reduce the risk levels, it was necessary to develop innovating actions to the area, with the finality to be able to evaluate the expected looses in front of the non-fulfillment of payment of the customer’s part. In our study case, the saving and Credit’s Cooperative “Leon XIII” is not free about this risk, that is it’s main worryness, because the defaulting index in their clients’ portfolio has increased in the last years. The year 2008 the index is about 3.69%, the year 2009 the index is about 6.41% and in the year 2010 the index is about 8.51% In order to mitigate and reduce the creditician risk, our project will focus in the implementation of a Credit Scoring that is an automatic evaluation system, faster, safer and consistent to determine the consentions of credits, which, in function of all the available information, it’s able to predict the probability of non-payment, associated to a creditician operation. This system will allow reducing the defaulting levels in the pyme clients’ portfolio, reducing in this way the evaluation time, letting us a better evaluation and support of credits, achieving it to be an important tool for credit’s analists

Administrative audit process development analysis in smes in the town of Escárcega

La Auditoría administrativa es la técnica más utilizada dentro de las organizaciones. Gracias a su implementación y desarrollo, la alta dirección encuentra un mecanismo de control que permite conocer el estado actual de sus procesos y la veracidad de la información. Este proyecto de investigación analizó el desarrollo de un proceso de auditoría en las pymes de la localidad de Escárcega. El proceso de investigación cuenta con un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo; se utilizó un cuestionario, verificando su validez y confiabilidad mediante el coeficiente del Alfa de Cronbach. Posteriormente, se realizó la colecta de datos mediante un muestreo probabilístico por racimos así se obtienen los resultados; estos muestran que el 50% de las Pymes aseguran conocer un proceso de auditoría administrativa que es interpretada como una estricta supervisión; por lo tanto, es preciso que los responsables de los negocios rompan con el miedo y se atrevan a llevarla a cabo.Administrative audit is the most used technique within organizations. Thanks to its implementation and development, senior management finds a control mechanism that allows knowing the current status of its processes and the veracity of the information. This research project studied the development analysis of an audit process in SMEs in the town of Escárcega. The fact-finding process has a descriptive qualitative approach. A questionnaire was used and its validity and reliability were verified through the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. After that the data was collected through probabilistic sampling by clusters. Thus, the results were obtained. They showed that 50% of SMEs claimed to know an administrative audit process that was interpreted as strict supervision. Therefore, it is necessary for business managers to overcome the fear and dare to carry it out.Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Caracterización del sistema de producción avícola de traspatio en el Estado de Campeche, México.

A study was conducted to characterize the backyard chicken production system in Campeche State, Mexico, as the basis of a program for utilizing local poultry genetic resources. A total of 260 surveys were administered in person. The parents undertake backyard production activities. Farmers have, on average, 0.20 ± 0.1 hectares for raising local chickens (LC). Flock size was 24.4 ± 1.3 birds per household. The number of egg/hen/year was 45.8 ± 1.6. Confined and semi-confined production systems are used. Farmers fed chickens with corn, whereas chicks were fed with commercial feed. During the rainy season, flu and diarrheal diseases are more frequently observed. Body size is the main trait for acquiring/selecting breeders within/outside the flock. Selection of eggs for incubation is based on size and freshness. Feed shortages, diseases, predators, and lack of technical assistance services were the major constraints for LC backyard production. In conclusion, backyard chicken production based on LC provides a readily available source of animal protein and cash income for households in Campeche State, Mexico.Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de caracterizar la producción avícola de traspatio en el estado de Campeche, México, como el inicio de un programa para la utilización de los recursos genéticos avícolas locales. Se encuestó a un total de 260 productores. Las actividades productivas de traspatio las realizan los padres. Los productores destinan un promedio de 0.20 ± 0.1 hectáreas para la cría de pollos locales (PL). El tamaño de la parvada fue de 24.4 ± 1.3 aves por hogar. El número de huevos/gallina/año fue de 45.8 ± 1.6. Se utiliza tanto el sistema de producción en confinamiento como en semi-confinamiento. Las aves son alimentadas con maíz, excepto los pollitos, que son alimentados con alimento balanceado comercial. Durante la época de lluvias se observan con mayor frecuencia problemas de diarrea y enfermedades respiratorias. El peso corporal es la principal característica por la que las aves reproductoras son seleccionadas dentro y fuera de la parvada. Los huevos destinados a incubación son elegidos con base en su tamaño y el número de días transcurridos desde que son puestos. La producción avícola de traspatio tiene como principales limitantes la falta de alimento para los animales, las enfermedades, los depredadores y la falta de asistencia técnica. En conclusión, la producción avícola de traspatio, basada en animales locales, provee de una fuente fácilmente disponible de proteína de origen animal e ingresos económicos a los hogares del estado de Campeche, México

Influence of Funneliformis mosseae in the growth and accumulation of dry biomass in Dalia plants

Objetive: in the production of Dahlia spp., only chemical fertilization has been used, and an option that has not yet been explored is the implementation of a microbial inoculant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae on the growth and development of the dahlia (Dahlia variabilis var. Variegated dwarf). Design/methodology/approach: the seeds were sown in polyethylene bags containing a mixture of black soil, peat moss, and agrolite. A completely randomized design was used, and the treatment structure was 2x3 factorial. The study factors were F. mosseae, chemical fertilization, and substrate sterilization. Results: an analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the treatments were compared with Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Conclusions: with the inoculation of F. mosseae, a significant increase was obtained in the study variables: plant height, stem diameter, number of buds and flowers per plant; leaf + stem, flower, root, and total biomass, compared to non-inoculated plants. A colonization of 89 % in the roots was recorded. A limitation of the study is that the effect of the inoculum on plant growth can vary according to the mycorrhiza species used. In conclusion, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae increased growth and biomass accumulation in Dahlia plants

Characterising the KMP-11 and HSP-70 recombinant antigens' humoral immune response profile in chagasic patients

11 pages, 6 figures.-- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/9/186/pre pubBackground: Antigen specificity and IgG subclass could be significant in the natural history of Chagas' disease. The relationship between the different stages of human Chagas' disease and the profiles of total IgG and its subclasses were thus analysed here; they were directed against a crude T. cruzi extract and three recombinant antigens: the T. cruzi kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (rKMP-11), an internal fragment of the T. cruzi HSP-70 protein192-433, and the entire Trypanosoma rangeli HSP-70 protein. Methods: Seventeen Brazilian acute chagasic patients, 50 Colombian chronic chagasic patients (21 indeterminate and 29 cardiopathic patients) and 30 healthy individuals were included. Total IgG and its subtypes directed against the above-mentioned recombinant antigens were determined by ELISA tests. Results: The T. cruzi KMP-11 and T. rangeli HSP-70 recombinant proteins were able to distinguish both acute from chronic chagasic patients and infected people from healthy individuals. Specific antibodies to T. cruzi crude antigen in acute patients came from IgG3 and IgG4 subclasses whereas IgG1 and IgG3 were the prevalent isotypes in indeterminate and chronic chagasic patients. By contrast, the specific prominent antibodies in all disease stages against T. cruzi KMP-11 and T. rangeli HSP-70 recombinant antigens were the IgG1 subclass.This work was supported by Colciencias Research project No. 1203-333- 18692. IDF was supported by Colciencias and the Universidad Javeriana's Young Researcher 2008 Programme (Bogotá, Colombia). MCT and MCL were supported by P06-CTS-02242 Grant from PAI (Junta de Andalucia) and RICET-RD06/0021-0014, Spain. MS received financial support from the Brazilian agency - CNPq.Peer reviewe

Métodos y técnicas de monitoreo y predicción temprana en los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales

Esta obra concentra los métodos y las técnicas fundamentales para el seguimiento y monitoreo de las dinámicas de los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales (geológicos e hidrometeorológicos) y tiene como objetivo general orientar, apoyar y acompañar a los directivos y operativos de protección civil en aterrizar las acciones y políticas públicas enfocadas a la gestión del riesgo local de desastre

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Liderazgo de excelencia aplicado a la unidad departamental de desarrollo económico en la delegación Iztapalapa

SEMINARIO: LIDERAZGO DE EXCELENCIA EN LA PLANEACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA CREATIV