Epiphytic bacterial community composition on two common submerged macrophytes in brackish water and freshwater

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plants and their heterotrophic bacterial biofilm communities possibly strongly interact, especially in aquatic systems. We aimed to ascertain whether different macrophytes or their habitats determine bacterial community composition. We compared the composition of epiphytic bacteria on two common aquatic macrophytes, the macroalga <it>Chara aspera </it>Willd. and the angiosperm <it>Myriophyllum spicatum </it>L., in two habitats, freshwater (Lake Constance) and brackish water (Schaproder Bodden), using fluorescence <it>in situ </it>hybridization. The bacterial community composition was analysed based on habitat, plant species, and plant part.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The bacterial abundance was higher on plants from brackish water [5.3 × 10⁷cells (g dry mass)^-1] than on plants from freshwater [1.3 × 10⁷cells (g dry mass)^-1], with older shoots having a higher abundance. The organic content of freshwater plants was lower than that of brackish water plants (35 vs. 58%), and lower in <it>C. aspera </it>than in <it>M. spicatum </it>(41 vs. 52%). The content of nutrients, chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds, and anthocyanin differed in the plants and habitats. Especially the content of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanin was higher in <it>M. spicatum</it>, and in general higher in the freshwater than in the brackish water habitat. Members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroidetes group were abundant in all samples (5–35% of the total cell counts) and were especially dominant in <it>M. spicatum </it>samples. Alphaproteobacteria were the second major group (3–17% of the total cell counts). Betaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria, and actinomycetes were present in all samples (5 or 10% of the total cell counts). Planctomycetes were almost absent on <it>M. spicatum </it>in freshwater, but present on <it>C. aspera </it>in freshwater and on both plants in brackish water.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Bacterial biofilm communities on the surface of aquatic plants might be influenced by the host plant and environmental factors. Distinct plant species, plant part and habitat specific differences in total cell counts and two bacterial groups (CFB, planctomycetes) support the combined impact of substrate (plant) and habitat on epiphytic bacterial community composition. The presence of polyphenols might explain the distinct bacterial community on freshwater <it>M. spicatum </it>compared to that of <it>M. spicatum </it>in brackish water and of <it>C. aspera </it>in both habitats.</p

Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction.

Since the 19th century, the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) has lost approximately 99% of its former range. Along with its close relatives, the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) and the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), the addax may be the third large African mammal species to go extinct in the wild in recent times. Despite this, the evolutionary history of this critically endangered species remains virtually unknown. To gain insight into the population history of the addax, we used hybridization capture to generate ten complete mitochondrial genomes from historical samples and assembled a nuclear genome. We found that both mitochondrial and nuclear diversity are low compared to other African bovids. Analysis of mitochondrial genomes revealed a most recent common ancestor ~32 kya (95% CI 11-58 kya) and weak phylogeographic structure, indicating that the addax likely existed as a highly mobile, panmictic population across its Sahelo-Saharan range in the past. PSMC analysis revealed a continuous decline in effective population size since ~2 Ma, with short intermediate increases at ~500 and ~44 kya. Our results suggest that the addax went through a major bottleneck in the Late Pleistocene, remaining at low population size prior to the human disturbances of the last few centuries

Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (<i>Addax nasomaculatus</i>), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction.

Since the 19th century, the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) has lost approximately 99% of its former range. Along with its close relatives, the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) and the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), the addax may be the third large African mammal species to go extinct in the wild in recent times. Despite this, the evolutionary history of this critically endangered species remains virtually unknown. To gain insight into the population history of the addax, we used hybridization capture to generate ten complete mitochondrial genomes from historical samples and assembled a nuclear genome. We found that both mitochondrial and nuclear diversity are low compared to other African bovids. Analysis of mitochondrial genomes revealed a most recent common ancestor ~32 kya (95% CI 11-58 kya) and weak phylogeographic structure, indicating that the addax likely existed as a highly mobile, panmictic population across its Sahelo-Saharan range in the past. PSMC analysis revealed a continuous decline in effective population size since ~2 Ma, with short intermediate increases at ~500 and ~44 kya. Our results suggest that the addax went through a major bottleneck in the Late Pleistocene, remaining at low population size prior to the human disturbances of the last few centuries

Nine newly identified individuals refine the phenotype associated with MYT1L mutations

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The Vehicle, Spring 1980

Vol. 3, No. 2 Table of Contents White LanguageStarla Stensaaspage 4 The Grand Canyon at SunsetElisabeth Cristpage 5 WitheringSheila Kattypage 5 In Defense of the DandelionKathleen Alakspage 6 HaikuScott Fishelpage 7 Double SolitaireCathy Georgepage 8 AdolescenceNancy Douglaspage 9 Sunrises as SunsetsRobert Schumacherpage 9 War Is Not All HellChris Goerlichpage 11 Young SoldierRobert Swansonpage 11 Without Really Looking For ThemSheila Kattypage 12 JourneyJean Wallacepage 15 I Barely Remember the Poet/TeacherStarla Stensaaspage 16 To SearchKaren Buchananpage 17 Four-Hundred and Twenty-Four DaysAnnette Heinzpage 19 Killing CarpJerry McAnultypage 20 War of the WillsLaurel Anzelmopage 21 Life of a Sexual MetaphorChris Goerlichpage 23 Hazy Days in Mid-JulyKaren Buchananpage 24 August\u27s EndCynthia Rozminpage 24 Visiting GrandmotherRobert Swansonpage 26 UntitledNancy Van Cleavepage 27 The AlbinoDenise Davinroypage 27 This ChristmasRobert Schumacherpage 28 Burnt OfferingGinny Stroheckerpage 29 Long-term VacationDenise Davinroypage 29 Storm\u27s EveJeffrey Stousepage 30 Lovers: A Weaver in the StatesStarla Stensaaspage 31 Gitchegumme BeachScott Fishelpage 32 Dear Husband, What Do You Think?Katherine Adamspage 33 Cat\u27s Eve InnCynthia Rozminpage 34 BassScott Fishelpage 34 Fall Morning in the Okanagan ValleyJerry McAnultypage 35 MusicMary McDanielpage 36 AnticipationNancy Douglaspage 41 Don\u27t Let Your Bread LoafJohn Stockmanpage 41 The FieldElise Hempelpage 42 the g.a.Carla Vitezpage 42 Quality in Search of An AuthorRobert Schinaglpage 43 February 9thLisa Livingstonpage 44 By A Pond in SpringJohn Stockmanpage 46 Night SoundsJeffrey Stousepage 47 Art CoverKaren Dankovich PhotographCindy Hubbarttpage 3 PhotographScott Fishelpage 10 PhotographLisa Larsonpage 18 EtchingKaren Dankovichpage 25 PhotographScott Fishelpage 30 PhotographScott Fishelpage 40 PhotographCindy Hubbarttpage 45 PhotographCindy Hubbarttpage 48https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1037/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 1981

Vol. 22, No. 2 Table of Contents Old Farmers at the Arcade CafeJohn Stockmanpage 4 ConfettiCathy Georgepage 6 Ode to a Corned Beef SandwichJeff Bennettpage 6 The Ice on Kirschner\u27s CreekScott Fishelpage 7 Love Poem to LindaJohn Stockmanpage 7 Grandfather\u27s PortraitJames Marshpage 8 The MassageKathleen Alakspage 9 A Driving ForceSandy Youngpage 10 King DandelionNancy Siebenpage 12 One Afternoon - Contemplating HouseworkKelli Sanderpage 13 Tent WallsAndy Sudkamppage 14 The SentinelElise Hempelpage 16 Daddy\u27s AftershaveJeff Bennettpage 16 The WeddingChris Goerlichpage 17 UntitledCarol Hansenpage 17 Treasures in the YardScott Fishelpage 18 Hitchhiker\u27s BootsAndy Sudkamppage 20 The RaffleLaura Henrypage 21 A Walk at NightJudi Jinespage 24 Morning in the DumpJeff Bennettpage 24 In Praise of Chocolate Ice CreamJohn Stockmanpage 25 Summer on the Isle of PalmsElisabeth Cristpage 26 The WaveHerbert S. Demminpage 27 RememberingJohn Kleinsteiberpage 27 PotatoJohn Stockmanpage 28 Late ShowChris Goerlichpage 30 Love in Him - JoeDebbie Klinnertpage 31 ShoeScott Fishelpage 35 The DrinkerBob Huntpage 36 The WidowGeorge Ndu Igbudupage 37 ElectricityScott Fishelpage 37 Hatchet JackB.L. Davidsonpage 39 Walking Home LateJohn Stockmanpage 41 NovemberCindy Hubbarttpage 41 On the BusLaura Henrypage 42 HaikuJames Marshpage 43 SpillwayGloria Rhoadspage 43 Art Cover design by Linda Fraembs PhotographRobin Scholzpage 3 PhotographRobin Scholzpage 5 PhotographMichelle Glassmeyerpage 15 PhotographRobert Schinaglpage 19 PhotographTom Robertspage 38 PhotographRobert Schinaglpage 44https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1039/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 1980

Vol. 3, No. 2 Table of Contents White LanguageStarla Stensaaspage 4 The Grand Canyon at SunsetElisabeth Cristpage 5 WitheringSheila Kattypage 5 In Defense of the DandelionKathleen Alakspage 6 HaikuScott Fishelpage 7 Double SolitaireCathy Georgepage 8 AdolescenceNancy Douglaspage 9 Sunrises as SunsetsRobert Schumacherpage 9 War Is Not All HellChris Goerlichpage 11 Young SoldierRobert Swansonpage 11 Without Really Looking For ThemSheila Kattypage 12 JourneyJean Wallacepage 15 I Barely Remember the Poet/TeacherStarla Stensaaspage 16 To SearchKaren Buchananpage 17 Four-Hundred and Twenty-Four DaysAnnette Heinzpage 19 Killing CarpJerry McAnultypage 20 War of the WillsLaurel Anzelmopage 21 Life of a Sexual MetaphorChris Goerlichpage 23 Hazy Days in Mid-JulyKaren Buchananpage 24 August\u27s EndCynthia Rozminpage 24 Visiting GrandmotherRobert Swansonpage 26 UntitledNancy Van Cleavepage 27 The AlbinoDenise Davinroypage 27 This ChristmasRobert Schumacherpage 28 Burnt OfferingGinny Stroheckerpage 29 Long-term VacationDenise Davinroypage 29 Storm\u27s EveJeffrey Stousepage 30 Lovers: A Weaver in the StatesStarla Stensaaspage 31 Gitchegumme BeachScott Fishelpage 32 Dear Husband, What Do You Think?Katherine Adamspage 33 Cat\u27s Eve InnCynthia Rozminpage 34 BassScott Fishelpage 34 Fall Morning in the Okanagan ValleyJerry McAnultypage 35 MusicMary McDanielpage 36 AnticipationNancy Douglaspage 41 Don\u27t Let Your Bread LoafJohn Stockmanpage 41 The FieldElise Hempelpage 42 the g.a.Carla Vitezpage 42 Quality in Search of An AuthorRobert Schinaglpage 43 February 9thLisa Livingstonpage 44 By A Pond in SpringJohn Stockmanpage 46 Night SoundsJeffrey Stousepage 47 Art CoverKaren Dankovich PhotographCindy Hubbarttpage 3 PhotographScott Fishelpage 10 PhotographLisa Larsonpage 18 EtchingKaren Dankovichpage 25 PhotographScott Fishelpage 30 PhotographScott Fishelpage 40 PhotographCindy Hubbarttpage 45 PhotographCindy Hubbarttpage 48https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1037/thumbnail.jp

A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape

Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio