GREEN ALLOY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ENDOPHYTIC EXTRACTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AND STUDIES OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIMITOTIC ACTIVITY

  Objectives: The main aim is to elaborate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by endophytic extracts isolated from Withania somnifera as a reducing and capping agent, which has proven antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella sp.Methods: Characterization of AgNPs was carried out employing ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was conducted by disc diffusion method antimitotic activity was also evaluated by determining mitotic index in Allium cepa root tips.Results: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was given a peak at 400 nm confirmed the AgNPs. The images of the SEM have confirmed the formation of AgNPs with an average size of 40 nm. XRD results were remarkable in confirmation of synthesized AgNPs with distinct XRD peaks at 2θ values of 38, 44, 64, and 77 lattice planes were observed which indexed the facts of silver (111), (200), (220), and (311), respectively. The AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms at 100 μg/discs concentrations. A significant mitotic index (22.8±1.4b and 26.9±0.9b) was observed in A. cepa root tips at 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml concentration, respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the endophytes of W. somnifera can be a good source for AgNP synthesis and showed a significant antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms, especially E. coli followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suggestive results were found in antimitotic activity which one of screening methods for development of anticancer drugs. An important outcome of our study will be the extension of value-added products for the industries of biomedical and nanotechnology based

Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antityrosinase activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract

The current research study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Calophyllum tomentosum (CtAgNPs) and evaluated the extract to know the effects of anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase activity. Using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) characterized the Calophyllum tomentosum mediated silver nanoparticles. The leaf extract of C. tomentosum yielded flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids and coumarins. AgNPs formation was confirmed by UV–vis spectra at 438 nm. Crystalline structure with a face centered cubic (fcc) of AgNPs was observed in XRD. FTIR had shown that the phytochemicals were responsible for the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of the AgNPs were determined using SEM. From EDX study analysed the strong absorption property of AgNPs. The CtAgNPs have showed significant antibacterial activity on multi drug resistance bacteria. The CtAgNPs had shown strong antioxidant (DPPH, H2O2 scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging power, reducing power) activities. The CtAgNPs had strongly inhibited the α-glucosidase and DPPIV compared to α-amylase. The CtAgNPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity (albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, heat haemolytic, protein inhibitory, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase) and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract. Hence, to validate our results the in vivo studies at molecular level are needed to develop an antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent