Penerapan Pembelajaran Model Student Teams Achivement Division (STAD) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dan Aktivitas Siswa Kelas VII Pada Konsep Ekosistem Di SMP Negeri 6 Bibinoi

Pembelajaran IPA di SMP pada umumnya masih didominasi oleh aktifitas guru. Kelas berfokus pada guru sebagai sumber utama pengetahuan dan berpegang pada buku paket saja. Kegiatan pembelajaran kurang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk berinteraksi dengan benda-benda konkrit dalam situasi yang nyata. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut di atas diperlukan suatu pendekatan yaitu menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif dengan model Student Teams Achivement Division.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, Tujuan dari penelitian tindakan kelas ini Untuk mengetahui hasil belajar Biologi siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Bibinoi Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan, dengan penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif dengan model Student Teams Achivement Division (STAD)Hasil belajar siswa SMP Negeri 6 Bibinoi Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan, pada materi Menentukan ekosistem dan saling hubungan antara komponen ekosistem. Pada siklus I siswa yang mengikuti tes terdapat sebanyak 5 siswa yang tuntas,siswa tersebut dikatakan tuntas karena hasil tes yang diperoleh telah mencapai nilai KKM. Siswa yang dikategorikan tidak tuntas sebanyak 15 siswa, karena hasil tes yang diperoleh belum mencapai nilai KKM. Dengan ketuntasan secara klasikal pada tes silus I adalah 25%, Sedangkan pada siklus II dengan materi Mengindentifi-kasikan pentingnya keanekaragaman makhluk hidup dalam pelestarian ekosistem, telah mengalami peningkatan yaitu siswa yang dikategorikan tuntas sebanyak 20 siswa atau 100% , siswa yang dikategorikan tuntas. Dengan demikian model pembelajaran Student Teams Achivement Division dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Bibinoi Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan, materi Ekosistem Kata Kunci: Penerapan Pembelajaran Model Student Teams Achivement Division (STAD

Application of region growing segmentation method for mangrove zonation at Pulau Kukup, Johor

The anticipated impact of Sea Level Rise (SLR) for the next century has been studied for the past long years. Prolonged submergence and changes in tidal inundation frequency changed the intertidal community landscape including the mangroves zonation pattern. This study aims to identify the mangrove species distribution at Pulau Kukup, Johor using a high resolution, Worldview-2 satellite data. Mangrove extent was extracted from multispectral and panchromatic images using region growing segmentation method. Several thresholds were used to identify the best-fit segmentation parameters. Eleven plots of 100m transects were established in the study area to sample the representative mangrove trees. The type of mangrove species, tree height, Diameter at the Breast Height (DBH), elevation, coordinate location and the sediment sample were collected during the field survey based on Point-Centre-Quadrate Method (PCQM). The general characteristics of mangrove tree were investigated and sampled from 186 mangrove trees. Rhizophoraapiculata and R.mucronata were found dominating the outer part of the mangrove island facing the seaward area. From the field analyses, the relative density of Rhizophoraapiculata and R.mucronataare 41.9% and 16.7% respectively. The mangrove characteristic and coordinate locations were then mapped out and used as a reference point for training processes. The image classification is determined based on Bhattacharyya method and the mangrove zonation pattern was mapped from the result

Jenis Kupu-kupu Pengunjung Bunga Mussaenda dan Asoka di Kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Sibela Pulau Bacan

Musaenda dan Asoka merupakan salah satu tanaman hostplant dan sekaligus foodplant bagi kupu-kupu di Gunung Sibela. Hostplant adalah tumbuhan inang yang menjadi makanan larva dan foodplant adalah tumbuhan yang menjadi makanan kupu-kupu dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kupu-kupu yang mengunjungi tanaman mussaenda dan asoka di kawasan cagar alam gunung Sibela pulau Bacan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah direct sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi dataran rendah (20 mdpl) ditemukan 10 spesies kupu-kupu pengunjung tanaman mussaenda dan asoka, 5 genus, 2 famili. Kupu-kupu pengunjung tanaman mussaenda di dataran rendah yaitu: Ornithopthera croesus, Papilio ulysses, Papilio deiphobus, Papilio lorquinianus gelia, Troides hypolitus, Troides criton, Graphium milon, Graphium codrus dan Hebomoia glaucippe sulphure. Kupu-kupu pengunjung tanaman asoka di dataran rendah yaitu: Ornithopthera croesus, Papilio ulysses, Papilio fuscus lapathus dan Troides hypolitus. Pada lokasi dataran tinggi (400 mdpl) ditemukan 9 spesies kupu-kupu pengunjung tanaman mussaenda dan asoka, 5 genus, 2 famili. Kupu-kupu pengunjung tanaman mussaenda di dataran tinggi yaitu: Ornithopthera croesus, Papilio ulysses, Papilio deiphobus, Papilio lorquinianus gelia, Troides hypolitus, Troides criton, Graphium milon, dan Hebomoia glaucippe sulphurea, sedangkan kupu-kupu pengunjung tanaman asoka di dataran tinggi yaitu: Papilio ulysses, Papilio fuscus lapathus dan Troides hypolitus

Enhancing Data Security for Cloud Computing Applications through Distributed Blockchain-based SDN Architecture in IoT Networks

Blockchain (BC) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) are some of the most prominent emerging technologies in recent research. These technologies provide security, integrity, as well as confidentiality in their respective applications. Cloud computing has also been a popular comprehensive technology for several years. Confidential information is often shared with the cloud infrastructure to give customers access to remote resources, such as computation and storage operations. However, cloud computing also presents substantial security threats, issues, and challenges. Therefore, to overcome these difficulties, we propose integrating Blockchain and SDN in the cloud computing platform. In this research, we introduce the architecture to better secure clouds. Moreover, we leverage a distributed Blockchain approach to convey security, confidentiality, privacy, integrity, adaptability, and scalability in the proposed architecture. BC provides a distributed or decentralized and efficient environment for users. Also, we present an SDN approach to improving the reliability, stability, and load balancing capabilities of the cloud infrastructure. Finally, we provide an experimental evaluation of the performance of our SDN and BC-based implementation using different parameters, also monitoring some attacks in the system and proving its efficacy.Comment: 12 Pages 16 Figures 3 Table

Spatial symmetry constraint of charge-ordered kagome superconductor CsV3_3Sb5_5

Elucidating the symmetry of intertwined orders in exotic superconductors is at the quantum frontier. Recent surface sensitive studies of the topological kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ discovered a cascade 4a$_0$ superlattice below the charge density wave (CDW) ordering temperature, which can be related to the pair density modulations in the superconducting state. If the 4a$_0$ phase is a bulk and intrinsic property of the kagome lattice, this would form a striking analogy to the stripe order and pair density wave discovered in the cuprate high-temperature superconductors, and the cascade ordering found in twisted bilayer graphene. High-resolution X-ray diffraction has recently been established as an ultra-sensitive probe for bulk translational symmetry-breaking orders, even for short-range orders at the diffusive limit. Here, combining high-resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the 4a$_0$ superstructure emerges uniquely on the surface and hence exclude the 4a$_0$ phase as the origin of any bulk transport or spectroscopic anomaly. Crucially, we show that our detected 2$\times$2$\times$2 CDW order breaks the bulk rotational symmetry to C2, which can be the driver for the bulk nematic orders and nematic surface superlattices including the 4a$_0$ phase. Our high-resolution data impose decisive spatial symmetry constraints on emergent electronic orders in the kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$

Clinical Predictors and Outcome of Metabolic Acidosis in Under-Five Children Admitted to an Urban Hospital in Bangladesh with Diarrhea and Pneumonia

BACKGROUND: Clinical features of metabolic acidosis and pneumonia frequently overlap in young diarrheal children, resulting in differentiation from each other very difficult. However, there is no published data on the predictors of metabolic acidosis in diarrheal children also having pneumonia. Our objective was to evaluate clinical predictors of metabolic acidosis in under-five diarrheal children with radiological pneumonia, and their outcome. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled all under-five children (n = 164) admitted to the Special Care Ward (SCW) of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr, b between September and December 2007 with diarrhea and radiological pneumonia who also had their total serum carbon-dioxide estimated. We compared the clinical features and outcome of children with radiological pneumonia and diarrhea with (n = 98) and without metabolic acidosis (n = 66). RESULTS: Children with metabolic acidosis more often had higher case-fatality (16% vs. 5%, p = 0.039) compared to those without metabolic acidosis on admission. In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders such as age of the patient, fever on admission, and severe wasting, the independent predictors of metabolic acidosis in under-five diarrheal children having pneumonia were clinical dehydration (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.62-7.89, p = 0.002), and low systolic blood pressure even after full rehydration (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p = 0.005). Proportions of children with cough, respiratory rate/minute, lower chest wall indrawing, nasal flaring, head nodding, grunting respiration, and cyanosis were comparable (p>0.05) among the groups. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Under-five diarrheal children with radiological pneumonia having metabolic acidosis had frequent fatal outcome than those without acidosis. Clinical dehydration and persistent systolic hypotension even after adequate rehydration were independent clinical predictors of metabolic acidosis among the children. However, metabolic acidosis in young diarrheal children had no impact on the diagnostic clinical features of radiological pneumonia which underscores the importance of early initiation of appropriate antibiotics to combat morbidity and deaths in such population

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Erratum to: "Double volume reflection of a proton beam by a sequence of two bent crystals" [Phys. Lett. B 658 (2008) 109]

n/