Insights into the Chronology and Economy of the Avar Khaganate and the Post-Avar Period: Pottery Production and Use in the Carpathian Basin from the Late 6th to the 10th Century AD

This article discusses how the analysis of late 6th to 10th-century ceramic finds can contribute to a better understanding and reconstruction of the chronology and economy of the Avar Khaganate and the post-Avar Period in the Carpathian Basin (today´s Hungary and adjacent areas). It comprises a critical review of available research results on Avar-Period and 9th to 10th-century pottery, including results from the author’s own investigations, thus offering a critical assessment of many decades of research on pottery from c. 400 years in this region

The fortified hilltop site of Gars-Thunau and the settlements of the 9th and 10th centuries AD in Lower Austria

Copyright 2011 by Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn. Published version of this book chapter deposited with the kind permission of the publisher.This article presents results from the current investigation of the fortified hilltop settlement of Gars-Thunau (Lower Austria). The site was, in the 9th and 10th centuries AD, situated in the border regions of the East-Frankish Empire, Moravia and Bohemia. In addition to the early medieval occupation, evidence of a number of earlier occupation phases is present at the site. These include a late Bronze Age fortification, parts of which were re-used during the construction of the 9th–10th-century fortification ramparts. Current research has identified six early medieval settlement phases in Gars-Thunau. A multi-phase manor farm is situated in the central part of the site. It is preceded and followed by settlement phases that display a different spatial structure. The features and finds excavated at the site indicate the presence of a military and social elite at Gars- Thunau. The second part of the article provides a concise summary of the archaeology of settlements contemporary with Gars-Thunau from the territory of Lower Austria.Austrian Science FundAlexander von Humboldt Foundatio

A Controloc gyorsteszt és a polimeráz láncreakció értékelése a Helicobacter pylori fertőzés eradikáció előtti diagnózisában

A szerzõk a Controloc ureáz gyorsteszt és a polimeráz láncreakció eredményességét értékelik ki 168 beteg adatait feldolgozva. A meghatározásokat antrum és corpus szövetmintából végezték. Arany standardként a szövettani vizsgálatot (módosított Giemsa-festés) alkalmazták. Mindhárom teszt esetében kiszámították a Helicobacter pylori fertõzés gyakoriságát, illetve a Controloc gyorsteszt és a PCR szenzitivitását, specificitását, pozitív és negatív prediktív értékét. A szövettan az antrumban 62,1, a corpusban 53,2%-ban, a Controloc gyorsteszt 62,1 és 56,2%-ban, a polimeráz láncreakció 65,0, illetve 64,4%-ban mutatta ki a kórokozót. A Controloc gyorsteszt szenzitivitása 89,2%-os az antrumban és 96%-os a corpusban, specificitása 87,9 és 93,7%- os, a polimeráz láncreakció szenzitivitása 93,3 és 94,5%-os, specificitása 81,0 és 87,3%-os. A szerzõk a Helicobacter-fertõzés eradikáció elõtti diagnosztikájában elsõsorban a szövettani vizsgálatot ajánlják, mivel pontos és kettõs, patológiai és bakteriológiai információt ad. A Controloc teszt pontossága és gyorsasága miatt rutin diagnosztikai módszerként kiválóan alkalmazható. A polimeráz láncreakció szintén pontos, de idõ-, munka- és költségigényes, az eradikáció elõtti diagnózisban akkor indokolt, ha egyéb módszerek nem eredményesek

Fortified Settlements of the 9th and 10th Centuries ad in Central Europe: structure, function and symbolism

Open access article. © Society for Medieval Archaeology 2012.The structure, function(s)and symbolism of early medieval (9th-10th centuries ad) fortified settlements from central Europe, in particular today's Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia, are examined in this paper. It offers an overview of the current state of research together with new insights based on analysis of the site of Gars-Thunau in Lower Austria. Special emphasis is given to the position of the fortified sites in the landscape, to the elements of the built environment and their spatial organisation, as well as to graves within the fortified area. The region under study was situated on the SE border of the Carolingian (and later the Ottonian) Empire, with some of the discussed sites lying in the territory of the 'Great Moravian Empire' in the 9th and 10th centuries. These sites can therefore provide important comparative data for researchers working in other parts of the Carolingian Empire and neighbouring regions.Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAustrian Science Fun

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve repre- sentation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evi- dence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both imple- mented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and meth- ods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, link- ing archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.publishedVersio

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization.

In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives

Settlements of the Avar Khaganate

Dieser Beitrag präsentiert eine kritische Zusammenfassung der Forschungssituation zur Siedlungsarchäologie des Awarischen Khaganats. Die relevanten Fundstellen befinden sich im Karpatenbecken (das heutige Ungarn und angrenzende Gebiete) und können in das 7. bis 9. Jahrhundert datiert werden. Es sind mehr als 600 Siedlungsstellen bekannt, die meisten von ihnen kennen wir allerdings nur durch Geländebegehungen, Ausgrabungen wurden nur an wenigen Fundorten durchgeführt. Viele der bekannten awarenzeitlichen Siedlungen liegen an oder in der Nähe von römischen Fundstellen. Die Verbindungen zwischen Siedlungen dieser beiden Perioden stellen daher einen wichtigen Aspekt in der Erforschung awarenzeitlicher Siedlungen dar. Um awarenzeitliche Siedlungen auf mehreren Ebenen zu betrachten, besteht dieser Aufsatz aus drei Teilen: Siedlungsobjekte, Siedlungsstrukturen und Siedlungsmodelle

Technological Traditions in Early Medieval Eastern Austria

© 2015 Verlag Marie Leidorf. Published version deposited with the kind permission of the publishers.Abstract not available